scholarly journals Thermoregulatory Responses and Performance of Dairy Calves Fed Different Amounts of Colostrum

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Fernanda Lavinia Moura Silva ◽  
Evangelina Miqueo ◽  
Marcos Donizete da Silva ◽  
Thaís Manzoni Torrezan ◽  
Nathalia Brito Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Thermoregulatory Responses ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Cold Challenge ◽  
And Performance

This study investigates the newborn thermoregulatory responses to cold and the performance of calves fed different colostrum volumes. Thirty newborn Holstein calves were blocked by birth body weight (BW; 39.4 ± 6.5 kg) and fed different high-quality colostrum volumes: 10%, 15%, or 20% of BW, which was split and fed at 2 and 8 h after birth. At 24 h of life, calves were placed in a chamber at 10 °C for 150 min. Skin and rectal temperature (RT), heart and respiratory rate, and shivering were measured every 15 min. Blood samples were taken every 30 min. After the cold challenge, calves were housed in ambient temperature (26.8 ± 5.9 °C), with free access to water and concentrate and received 6 L/d of milk replacer. Feed intake, fecal score, and RT were recorded daily, until 56 d of age. Blood samples, BW, and body measures were taken weekly. During the cold challenge, prescapular temperature and total serum protein were greater for calves fed 15% or 20%. Leukocytes increased preweaning, presenting higher values for calves fed 20%. Even though there was a benefit for the calf submitted to cold stress on the first day of life, feeding higher volumes of colostrum resulted in no differences in performance during the preweaning phase. Nevertheless, calves fed a higher volume of colostrum (20% BW) presented increased immune responses during the preweaning phase.

scholarly journals 1 Physiological and performance recovery after fourteen hours of feed restriction or transportation in Holstein bulls fed high concentrate diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 2-3
Author(s):  
Sonia Marti ◽  
Elena Garcia ◽  
Christine Gerard ◽  
Joan Grau ◽  
Nicolas Cirier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Performance Recovery ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

Abstract One hundred and eight Holstein calves (225 ± 1.1 kg and 187 ± 5.2 d) were used to evaluate the physiological and performance recovery after 14 h transportation or feed restriction. Calves were distributed into 6 pens (2 pens/treatment) according to control (CTR, n = 36) calves with ad libitum access to concentrate, straw and water; restricted (RES, n = 36) calves with concentrate restriction but with access to water and straw for 14 h; and transported (TRA, n = 36) calves that were loaded into a trailer and transported without feed or water for 14 h. On days 0, 7, 21, and 35 BW was recorded. Concentrate intake were recorded daily. Blood samples for non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), and serum amyloid-A (SAA) were collected at -24, -14, 0 h, and 6, 24, and 168 h post-treatment. Data were analyzed using mixed models with repeated measures. At 24 h, RES and TRA had greater (P < 0.05) concentrate intake compared with CTR. However, from d 7 to 35 after treatments, only TRA had similar concentrate intake than CTR, while RES had lesser (P < 0.05) concentrate intake than CTR and TRA. RES at 6 h had greater (P < 0.05) NEFA concentrations than TRA, and NEFA concentrations were still higher for the RES and TRA groups than those for the CTR after 24 h. After 24 h concentrations of serum BHBA for TRA and RES were significantly greater (P < 0.05) when compared with those for the CTR. Serum concentration of SAA for TRA and RES was greater (P < 0.05) than CTR until 168 h. Results showed similar effects of 14 h of feed restriction and transportation of calves on serum anorexia and inflammation parameters; however, feed intake was recovered after d 35 in transported calves but not in feed restricted calves without transportation.

scholarly journals Decoquinate, lasalocid and monensin for starter feeds and the performance of holstein calves to 20 weeks of age

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Maris Bittar Nussio ◽  
John Tal Huber ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Nussio
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Ad Libitum

The large utilization of coccidiostats in dairy herds has raised the question regards the best product to use, based on better animal performance. Sixty-four Holstein calves were randomly assigned to four treatments at 10 (±4) d of age to evaluate calf performance when fed approved coccidiostats available on the market in Arizona, USA. Calves received a dry calf starter without (control) or with one of the following coccidiostats: lasalocid, 30 mg kg-1; decoquinate, 19 mg kg-1; and monensin, 30 mg kg-1. Calves received 3.6 kg d-1 of a commercial 22% CP:20% fat milk replacer until 6 wk of age. Calves were offered starter "ad libitum" up to 2 kg d-1, and calves had free access to water throughout the trial. Alfalfa hay was offered "ad libitum" after weaning. Performance and dry matter intake (DMI) were monitored for 20 weeks and broken down in different periods of measurement (0-6, 7-12 and 13-20 weeks, respectively). Despite the lower dry matter intake and weight gain for females on monensin treatment during the whole period, differences among coccidiostats were seldom observed under the conditions of this study. Good calf management and the dry, hot climate of Arizona perhaps diminished the chances for subclinical and chronic disease appearance which negated potential differences and differences in calf performances.

Physiological and behavioural changes in Holstein calves during and after dehorning or castration

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Schwartzkopf-Genswein ◽  
M. E. Booth-McLean ◽  
T. A. McAllister ◽  
G. J. Mears
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Post Procedure ◽  
Cortisol Responses ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
And Control

Physiological and behavioural responses of 17 bull and 12 heifer dairy calves (80.9 ± 1.4 kg) to either hot-iron dehorning or dehorning followed by scalpel castration were compared to both control and sham procedures and to each other. Blood samples were collected via jugular catheters at 15 and 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 24, and 48 h post procedure, sham or control. Cortisol levels remained elevated above controls for at least 2 h after castration and 30 min after dehorning. Initial (T0–T15 min) cortisol responses to castration were not different from those to dehorning. However, they were greater than for dehorning at 2 and 4 h post procedure. Both castrated and dehorned calves kicked and vocalized more frequently (P < 0.05) than during sham procedures. Struggling was greater during dehorning than the sham, but occurred less (P < 0.05) during castration than the sham possibly due to the prior experience of dehorning. Dehorned calves had a higher (P < 0.05) occurrence of both struggling and kicking compared to castrated calves. Heart rate was higher (P < 0.001), compared to control values, in both the sham (P < 0.02) and dehorned calves. Non-anaesthetized dairy calves had elevated cortisol, and heart rate levels as well as more severe behavioural responses to castration and dehorning compared to sham and control treatments. Differences in the responses to each procedure may have been due to handling differences or prior experience of dehorning. Key words: Behaviour, castration, cortisol, dairy calves, dehorning, heart rate

scholarly journals Early Life Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Neonatal Dairy Calves Promotes Growth Performance and Alleviates Inflammation and Oxidative Stress during Weaning

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2704
Author(s):  
Fernanda Rosa ◽  
Tainara Cristina Michelotti ◽  
Benoit St-Pierre ◽  
Erminio Trevisi ◽  
Johan S. Osorio
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Community Analysis ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
And Performance

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of early life fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on the health and performance of neonatal dairy calves. The donor was selected based on health and production records and fecal material testing negative for infectious pathogens. Sixteen healthy newborn Holstein calves were randomized to either a baseline nutritional program (CON) or 1×/d inoculations with 25 g of fecal donor material (FMT) mixed in the milk replacer (n = 8/TRT) from 8 to 12 days of age. Blood and fecal samples were collected weekly, and calves were weaned at 7 weeks of age. A TRT × Week interaction was observed in haptoglobin, which was reflected in a positive quadratic effect in FMT calves but not in CON. A trend for a TRT × Week interaction was observed in the liver function biomarker paraoxonase, which resulted in greater paraoxonase in FMT calves than CON at three weeks of age. Fecal microbial community analysis revealed a significant increase in the alpha-diversity between week 1 and week 5 for the FMT calves. These results suggest that early life FMT in neonatal calves has positive effects in mediating the inflammatory response and gut microbial maturation.

scholarly journals PSVI-21 Evaluation of passive immunity transfer and performance of calves receiving different sources of immunoglobulins

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 431-432
Author(s):  
Cristiane Tomaluski ◽  
Marina Coelho ◽  
Sophia Dondé ◽  
Ariany Toledo ◽  
João Pedro Bernardes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Colostrum Feeding ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Milk Feeding

Abstract The efficiency in the passive immunity transfer (PIT) is directly associated with the production cost and productivity of the animals. When fresh maternal colostrum (FC) is not available, frozen colostrum or colostrum replacer (CR) are alternatives to avoid failures in PIT (FPIT). Thirty-nine Holstein calves were used in a randomized block design with gender, weight and date of birth as blocking effect, and distributed in treatments: 1) feeding of 10% BW of CF; 2) feeding of 10% BW of FC; 3) 1.5 dose of a CR (SCCL®, Saskatoon, Canada). Animals received 6L/d of milk until 56d of life when they were subjected to gradual weaning until the end of the study (63d). Feed intake and health was monitored daily, and weight and blood samples were weekly taken. The Brix value at 24h of life was higher in animals receiving maternal colostrum when compared to CR (FC: 9.52a; Frozen: 10.68a; CR: 8.23b; P &lt; 0.01). The immunoglobulins intake was higher (P &lt; 0.01) for calves fed with maternal colostrum (FC or Frozen), which may explain the differences observed in the apparent efficiency of absorption (P = 0.02). The colostrum protocols affected the serum IgG concentration assessed at 24h (FC: 26.65b; Frozen: 35.69a; CR: 16.93c; P &lt; 0.01); however, no treatment resulted in FPIT, with values of serum IgG above 10g/L. Starter intake increased during the milk-feeding period (P &lt; 0.01), with no effects of colostrum feeding. ADG was influenced by treatments (P = 0.01), with higher gains for calves fed FC, resulting in higher final BW (P = 0.04). During the milk-feeding period, plasma glucose and total serum protein were higher for FC than for CR calves, with no differences for calves fed frozen colostrum. Feeding FC resulted in heavier animals at weaning; however, the frozen colostrum and CR used in this study are adequate alternatives, with no FTIP observed.

scholarly journals PSIX-21 Performance and health of dairy calves fed with acidified milk in tropical climates

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 419-420
Author(s):  
Marina Coelho ◽  
Cristiane Tomaluski ◽  
Sophia Dondé ◽  
Ariany Toledo ◽  
João Pedro Bernardes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Liquid Feed ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Commercial Milk ◽  
Tropical Climates

Abstract The acidification of milk is used in mild climate countries as a way of conservation because it reduces the feed bacteriological load and consequently improves the animals’ performance. However, this management is hampered in hot climates. Thirty-tree males and female Holstein colostrum-fed newborn calves were used in a randomized block experimental design and fed different liquid feed: refrigerated whole milk (WM); acidified milk kept in room temperature (AM); or a commercial milk replacer (MR: 22.9% CP; 18.8% fat; 16% solids). The animals were housed in individual shelters with free access to water and starter concentrate since 2d of age. Calves were fed 6L of liquid diet divided in two meals until their gradual weaning at 56d of age. The milk was acidified to a pH of 4.5 with formic acid 12 hours prior to feeding and kept in ambient temperature (23.7°C). The pH was monitored and corrected to the target pH before each meal. Blood samples were weekly collected and health was evaluated daily. No effect on feed intake was observed (Table 1). Feeding AM decreased calves’ weight gain as compared to that for WM fed calves but with no difference from those fed MR. Fecal scores was higher for MR as compared to WM fed calves, but with no difference from AM. However, AM calves presented higher average rectal temperature than WM fed calves, but a lower number of days with fever. AM is an alternative for feeding calves in tropical climates with performance similar to that observed for MR but with lower days with fever.

scholarly journals Prevalence of rumen impaction with non-biodegradable materials in cattle in Ibadan, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-217
Author(s):  
J. F. Akinrinmade ◽  
S. A. Akinrinde
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Phosphorus Levels ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

A study was conducted on 3031 cattle slaughtered in Ibadan over a period of three months to determine the prevalence of rumen impaction with indigestible garbage and evaluate breed, sex, age and some blood indices as risk factors. Thorough antemortem and postmortern examinations were carried out on each of the animals to determine the breed, health status, sex, age and presence of indigestible garbage in the rumen while blood samples were collected and analysed only for animals with indigestible garbage, to determine total serum protein and phosphorus levels. Results showed overall prevalence of rumen impaction was 10.77% and it differed significantly between breeds, but was highest in the Red Bororo (RB). Sex and age had significant influence on the prevalence of rumen impaction. It was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in females than in males and in older animals than in younger ones. Total serum protein and phosphorus levels were significantly lower than reference values in animals with rumen impaction.   

scholarly journals Refractometry as an alternative to the biuret method for measuring total serum proteins in Podocnemis expansa (Podocnemididae) and Phrynops geoffroanus (Chelidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes Marina Bezerra PESSOA ◽  
Maíra Gonçalves da Mota LIMA ◽  
Filipe Tavares CARNEIRO ◽  
Nathalia Salgado ZANANI ◽  
Marcela Corrêa SCALON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Podocnemis Expansa ◽  
Biuret Method ◽  
Mean Concentration

ABSTRACT Total serum protein is a significant indicator of health condition in animals. The aim of this study was to analyze the precision of the portable refractometer in determining the concentration of total serum proteins in Podocnemis expansa and Phrynops geoffroanus. A total of 26 animals were used. The blood samples were collected from the supraoccipital sinus and stored in tubes without anticoagulant. Total serum protein was determined using both the biuret reaction and refractometry. The total serum protein mean concentration (g dL-1) with biuret method and refractometry for P. expansa were 3.16 and 3.2; and for P. geoffroanus were 3.56 and 2.72, respectively. These results indicate that total serum protein values can be determined with precision in P. expansa and P. geoffroanus using a portable refractometer.

Lying behaviour and IgG-levels of newborn calves after feeding colostrum via tube and nipple bottle feeding

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Bonk ◽  
Audrey Nadalin ◽  
Wolfgang Heuwieser ◽  
Douglas Veira
Keyword(s):  
Tube Feeding ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
The Impact

Oesophageal tube feeding colostrum is used to ensure sufficient colostrum intake in newborn calves but the impact of tube feeding on animal behaviour is unclear. Therefore the objective of this study was to compare lying behaviour of tube-fed or bottle-fed dairy calves. Calves (n = 37) in 3 groups were offered 3·5 l colostrum 2 h after birth. Calves of the bottle group were fed with a nipple bottle. Calves of the placebo tubing group were tubed for 4 min but no colostrum was given and they were then fed with a nipple bottle. Calves of the tubing group received 3·5 l colostrum via tube feeding. Consumed amount of bottle and placebo tubing calves was recorded. If they refused some of the offered 3·5 l the rest was offered in a second feeding 2 h later. Lying behaviour was measured by data loggers fitted to right hind leg for 3 d. Blood samples were taken 24 h after birth for determination of IgG concentration. The voluntary colostrum intake differed significantly between bottle-fed and placebo tubed calves at first feeding. Considering both colostrum feedings, bottle-fed calves consumed 3·44 ± 0·14 l and placebo tubed calves consumed 3·20 ± 0·38 l colostrum. ImmunoglobulinG intake (255·6 ± 77·5 g IgG), serum IgG concentration 24 h after birth (22·8 ± 6·7 g/l) and total serum protein concentration (6·1 ± 0·6 g/dl) did not differ between groups. None of the calves had a failure of passive transfer. There was no effect of tubing on lying behaviour.

scholarly journals Transfer of passive immunity and serum proteinogram in the first six months of life of Criollo Lageano and black and white holstein calves

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 980-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Timboni Teixeira ◽  
Graziela Vieira Fonteque ◽  
Alexandre Floriani Ramos ◽  
Arthur da Silva Mariante ◽  
Andrea Alves do Egito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the transfer of passive immunity and the proteinogram in Criollo Lageano (CL) and Black and White Holstein (BWH) calves. Two groups were utilized with 13 Criollo Lageano and 10 BWH calves. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of total serum protein, electrophoresis of serum proteins, activity of the gamma glutamyl transferase, and concentration of IgG by the method of the zinc sulfate turbidity in periods between 24 and 36 hours of life, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Tukey test at 5% significance level, and correlations between variables were calculated. Variations of serum proteins followed a pattern of physiological behavior over the first six months of life and production of immunoglobulins was active earlier in BWH calves and slower in the Criollo Lageano, without causing any impact on their health. Gamma globulin in the first days of life (24-36h) was correlated with IgG (r=0.87 for CL and r=0.89 for BWH), PTS (r=0.91 for CL and r=0.92 for BWH), Glob (r=0.99 for CL and r=0.98 for BWH) and GGT (r=0.14 for CL and r=0.83 for BWH). It was concluded that there was no failure in the transfer of passive immunity in Criollo Lageano calves but this failure occurred in the BWH calves. IgG values estimated by the zinc sulfate turbidity and serum proteins were considered good indicators of the transfer of passive immunity in calves between 24 and 36 hours of life.

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