Successful Use of Geochemical Tools to Trace the Geographic Origin of Long-Snouted Seahorse Hippocampus guttulatus Raised in Captivity

The global market of dried seahorses mainly supplies Traditional Chinese Medicine and still relies on blurry trade chains that often cover less sustainable practices targeting these pricey and endangered fish. As such, reliable tools that allow the enforcement of traceability, namely to confirm the geographic origin of traded seahorses, are urgently needed. The present study evaluated the use of elemental fingerprints (EF) in the bony structures of long-snouted seahorses Hippocampus guttulatus raised in captivity in two different locations (southern Portugal and Northern Spain) to discriminate their geographic origin. The EF of different body parts of H. guttulatus were also evaluated as potential proxies for the EF of the whole body, in order to allow the analysis of damaged specimens and avoid the use of whole specimens for analysis. The contrasting EF of H. guttulatus raised in the two locations allowed their reliable discrimination. Although no single body part exactly mimicked the EF of the whole body, seahorse trunks, as well as damaged specimens, could still be correctly allocated to their geographic origin. This promising forensic approach to discriminate the geographic origin of seahorses raised in captivity should now be validated for wild conspecifics originating from different locations, as well as for other species within genus Hippocampus.

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Joint Pedestrian and Body Part Detection via Semantic Relationship Learning

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9040752 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 752 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Junhua Gu ◽

Chuanxin Lan ◽

Wenbai Chen ◽

Hu Han

Keyword(s):

Pedestrian Detection ◽

Body Part ◽

Upper Body ◽

Whole Body ◽

Body Parts ◽

Semantic Relationship ◽

The Public ◽

Novel Approach ◽

In The Wild ◽

Person Search

While remarkable progress has been made to pedestrian detection in recent years, robust pedestrian detection in the wild e.g., under surveillance scenarios with occlusions, remains a challenging problem. In this paper, we present a novel approach for joint pedestrian and body part detection via semantic relationship learning under unconstrained scenarios. Specifically, we propose a Body Part Indexed Feature (BPIF) representation to encode the semantic relationship between individual body parts (i.e., head, head-shoulder, upper body, and whole body) and highlight per body part features, providing robustness against partial occlusions to the whole body. We also propose an Adaptive Joint Non-Maximum Suppression (AJ-NMS) to replace the original NMS algorithm widely used in object detection, leading to higher precision and recall for detecting overlapped pedestrians. Experimental results on the public-domain CUHK-SYSU Person Search Dataset show that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods for joint pedestrian and body part detection in the wild.

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Visual Body Part Representation in the Lateral Occipitotemporal Cortex in Children/Adolescents and Adults

Cerebral Cortex Communications ◽

10.1093/texcom/tgaa007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yuko Okamoto ◽

Ryo Kitada ◽

Takanori Kochiyama ◽

Hiroaki Naruse ◽

Kai Makita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Univariate Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Body Representation ◽

Body Part ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Whole Body ◽

Body Parts ◽

Body Images ◽

Adolescents And Adults ◽

Occipitotemporal Cortex

Abstract The lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOTC) that responds to human bodies and body parts has been implicated in social development and neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Neuroimaging studies using a representational similarity analysis (RSA) revealed that body representation in the LOTC of typically developing (TD) adults is categorized into 3 clusters: action effector body parts, noneffector body parts, and face parts. However, its organization of younger people (i.e., children and adolescents) and its association with individual traits remain unclear. In this functional MRI study, TD adults and children/adolescents observed photographs of hands, feet, arms, legs, chests, waists, upper/lower faces, the whole body, and chairs. The univariate analysis showed that fewer child/adolescent participants showed left LOTC activation in response to whole-body images (relative to those of chairs) than adult participants. Contrastingly, the RSA on both age groups revealed a comparable body representation with 3 clusters of body parts in the bilateral LOTC. Hence, this result indicates that, although response to whole-body images can differ, LOTC body part representations for children/ adolescents and adults are highly similar. Furthermore, sensory atypicality is associated with spatial LOTC organization, suggesting the importance of this region for understanding individual difference, which is frequently observed in ASD.

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Moving in on human motor cortex. Characterizing the relationship between body parts with non-rigid population Response Fields

10.1101/2020.11.12.379339 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wouter Schellekens ◽

Carlijn Bakker ◽

Nick F. Ramsey ◽

Natalia Petridou

Keyword(s):

Ring Finger ◽

Body Part ◽

7 Tesla ◽

Whole Body ◽

Body Parts ◽

Population Response ◽

Human Motor Cortex ◽

Neuronal Populations ◽

Cortical Motor ◽

The Relationship

AbstractFor cortical motor activity, the relationships between different body part representations is unknown. Through reciprocal body part relationships, functionality of cortical motor areas with respect to whole body motor control can be characterized. In the current study, we investigate the relationship between body part representations within individual neuronal populations in motor cortices, following a 7 Tesla fMRI 18-body-part motor experiment in combination with our newly developed non-rigid population Response Field (pRF) model and graph theory. The non-rigid pRF metrics reveal somatotopic structures in all included motor cortices covering frontal, parietal, medial and insular cortices and that neuronal populations in primary sensorimotor cortex respond to fewer body parts than secondary motor cortices. Reciprocal body part relationships are estimated in terms of uniqueness, clique-formation, and importance. We report unique response profiles for the knee, a clique of body parts surrounding the ring finger, and a central role for the shoulder and wrist. These results reveal associations among body parts from the perspective of the central nervous system, while being in agreement with intuitive notions of body part usage.

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How do you smile along a path?

The Linguistic Review ◽

10.1515/tlr-2019-2021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 343-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Patricia Irwin

Keyword(s):

Syntactic Structure ◽

Body Part ◽

The Body ◽

Whole Body ◽

Body Parts ◽

Syntactic Category ◽

Root Structure ◽

Core Component ◽

Syntactic Structures ◽

Root Content

Abstract This paper argues that a core component of root meaning is the distinction between body parts versus the body conceived as a whole. This distinction is shown to be relevant in the acceptability of motion sentences in English with whole-body roots like $\sqrt {\textsc{dance}} $ and body-part roots like $\sqrt {\textsc{smile}} $. In keeping with the assumption that roots lack syntactic category, I argue that verbal roots occur freely in syntactic structures but that some root-structure combinations are degraded (or unacceptable), and that this is due to an incompatibility between conceptual root content and interpreted syntactic structure.

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Action Recognition from Pose Signature in Static Image

International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence ◽

10.1142/s0218001416550107 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (03) ◽

pp. 1655010 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yinzhong Qian ◽

Wenbin Chen ◽

I-fan Shen

Keyword(s):

Performance Improvement ◽

Action Recognition ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Body Part ◽

The Body ◽

Whole Body ◽

Body Parts ◽

Static Image ◽

Image Dataset ◽

Part Structure

This paper addresses the problem of action recognition from body pose. Detecting body pose in static image faces great challenges because of pose variability. Our method is based on action-specific hierarchical poselet. We use hierarchical body parts each of which is represented by a set of poselets to demonstrate the pose variability of the body part. Pose signature of a body part is represented by a vector of detection responses of all poselets for the part. In order to suppress detection error and ambiguity we explore to use part-based model (PBM) as detection context. We propose a constrained optimization algorithm for detecting all poselets of each part in context of PBM, which recover neglected pose clue by global optimization. We use a PBM with hierarchical part structure, where body parts have varying granularity from whole body steadily decreasing to limb parts. From the structure we get models with different depth to study saliency of different body parts in action recognition. Pose signature of an action image is composed of pose signature of all the body parts in the PBM, which provides rich discriminate information for our task. We evaluate our algorithm on two datasets. Compared with counterpart methods, pose signature has obvious performance improvement on static image dataset. While using the model trained from static image dataset to label detected action person on video dataset, pose signature achieves state-of-the-art performance.

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An Exploration of Relationships among Thermal Insulation, Area Factor and Air Gap of Male Chinese Ethnic Costumes

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12061302 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1302

Author(s):

Ying Ke ◽

Faming Wang

Keyword(s):

Thermal Insulation ◽

Minority Groups ◽

Body Part ◽

Air Gap ◽

Whole Body ◽

Gap Size ◽

Body Parts ◽

Air Volume ◽

Local Thermal Insulation ◽

Local Thermal Comfort

The present study investigated total and local thermal insulations of 39 sets of male Chinese ethnic costumes. Total and local clothing area factor, air gap size and air volume were determined by a 3D body scanner. Relationships between thermal insulation and air gap for the whole body, as well as local body parts, were explored. Correlations of both the total and local clothing area factor with the intrinsic insulation were also developed. Results demonstrated that the clothing total thermal insulation first increased with the increasing air gap size/air volume, followed by a decrease when the air gap size/air volume exceeded 37.8 mm/55.8 dm3. Similarly, it was also found that parabolic relationships widely existed between the local thermal insulation and local air gap at each body part. Our research findings provide a comprehensive database for predicting both global and local thermal comfort of male Chinese minority groups.

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The contribution of stimulating multiple body parts simultaneously to the illusion of owning an entire artificial body

10.1101/2020.05.04.076497 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sophie H. O’Kane ◽

H. Henrik Ehrsson

Keyword(s):

Onset Time ◽

Body Part ◽

Whole Body ◽

Multisensory Perception ◽

Entire Body ◽

Body Ownership ◽

Body Parts ◽

The Right ◽

Three Body ◽

Full Body

AbstractThe full-body ownership illusion exploits multisensory perception to induce a feeling of ownership for an entire artificial body. Whilst previous research has shown that the synchronous visuotactile stimulation of a single body part is sufficient for illusory ownership over the whole body, the effect of combining multisensory stimulation across multiple body parts remains unknown. Therefore, 48 healthy adults participated in conditions of a full-body ownership illusion involving synchronous or asynchronous visuotactile stimulation to one, two or three body parts simultaneously (2 x 3 design). We developed a novel questionnaire to isolate the sense of ownership of five specific body parts (left leg, right leg, left arm, right arm, and trunk) from the full-body ownership experience and sought not only to test for greater (part and whole) body ownership in synchronous versus asynchronous stimulation, but also, potentially varying degrees of illusion intensity related to the number of body parts stimulated. As expected, illusory full-body ownership and all five body-part ownership ratings were significantly higher following synchronous stimulation (all p values ≤.01). Since non-stimulated body parts also received significantly higher ownership ratings following synchronous stimulation, the results are consistent with an illusion engaging the entire body. We further noted that ownership ratings for the right body parts (often stimulated) were significantly higher than ownership ratings for the left body parts (never stimulated). Regarding explicit feelings of full-body ownership, subjective ratings were not significantly enhanced by increasing the number of synchronously stimulated body parts (synchronicity x number stimulated interaction; p.099). Instead, median ratings indicated a moderate affirmation (+1) of full-body illusory sensation for all three synchronous conditions; a finding mirrored by full-body illusion onset time. The results support the notion that feelings of full-body ownership are mediated by a generalisation from stimulated part(s)-to-whole, supported by processes related to multisensory body perception.

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The contribution of stimulating multiple body parts simultaneously to the illusion of owning an entire artificial body

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0233243 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. e0233243

Author(s):

Sophie H. O’Kane ◽

H. Henrik Ehrsson

Keyword(s):

Body Part ◽

Whole Body ◽

Multisensory Perception ◽

Entire Body ◽

Body Ownership ◽

Body Parts ◽

Body Sensation ◽

Three Body ◽

Mixed Modelling ◽

Full Body

The full-body ownership illusion exploits multisensory perception to induce a feeling of ownership of an entire artificial body. Although previous research has shown that synchronous visuotactile stimulation of a single body part is sufficient for illusory ownership of the whole body, the effect of combining multisensory stimulation across multiple body parts remains unknown. Therefore, 48 healthy adults participated in a full-body ownership illusion with conditions involving synchronous (illusion) or asynchronous (control) visuotactile stimulation to one, two, or three body parts simultaneously (2×3 design). We used questionnaires to isolate illusory ownership of five specific body parts (left arm, right arm, trunk, left leg, right leg) from the full-body ownership experience and sought to test not only for increased ownership in synchronous versus asynchronous conditions but also for potentially varying degrees of full-body ownership illusion intensity related to the number of body parts stimulated. Illusory full-body ownership and all five body-part ownership ratings were significantly higher following synchronous stimulation than asynchronous stimulation (p-values < .01). Since non-stimulated body parts also received significantly increased ownership ratings following synchronous stimulation, the results are consistent with an illusion that engages the entire body. Furthermore, we noted that ownership ratings for right body parts (which were often but not always stimulated in this experiment) were significantly higher than ownership ratings for left body parts (which were never stimulated). Regarding the effect of stimulating multiple body parts simultaneously on explicit full-body ownership ratings, there was no evidence of a significant main effect of the number of stimulations (p = .850) or any significant interaction with stimulation synchronicity (p = .160), as assessed by linear mixed modelling. Instead, median ratings indicated a moderate affirmation (+1) of an illusory full-body sensation in all three synchronous conditions, a finding mirrored by comparable full-body illusion onset times. In sum, illusory full-body ownership appears to be an ‘all-or-nothing’ phenomenon and depends upon the synchronicity of visuotactile stimulation, irrespective of the number of stimulated body parts.

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Some key body parts and polysemy

10.1093/oso/9780198736721.003.0006 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carol Priestley

Keyword(s):

Human Life ◽

Body Part ◽

Cultural Bias ◽

Body Parts ◽

Visible Body

This chapter discusses body part nouns, a part of language that is central to human life, and the polysemy that arises in connection with them. Examples from everyday speech and narrative in various contexts are examined in a Papuan language called Koromu and semantic characteristics of body part nouns in other studies are also considered. Semantic templates are developed for nouns that represent highly visible body parts: for example, wapi ‘hands/arms’, ehi ‘feet/legs’, and their related parts. Culture-specific explications are expressed in a natural metalanguage that can be translated into Koromu to avoid the cultural bias inherent in using other languages and to reveal both distinctive semantic components and similarities to cross-linguistic examples.

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The signing body: extensive sign language practice shapes the size of hands and face

Experimental Brain Research ◽

10.1007/s00221-021-06121-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Laura Mora ◽

Anna Sedda ◽

Teresa Esteban ◽

Gianna Cocchini

Keyword(s):

Sign Language ◽

Body Part ◽

Spatial Context ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Body Parts ◽

Baseball Players ◽

Space Condition ◽

Hand Size ◽

Stable Representation ◽

The Face

AbstractThe representation of the metrics of the hands is distorted, but is susceptible to malleability due to expert dexterity (magicians) and long-term tool use (baseball players). However, it remains unclear whether modulation leads to a stable representation of the hand that is adopted in every circumstance, or whether the modulation is closely linked to the spatial context where the expertise occurs. To this aim, a group of 10 experienced Sign Language (SL) interpreters were recruited to study the selective influence of expertise and space localisation in the metric representation of hands. Experiment 1 explored differences in hands’ size representation between the SL interpreters and 10 age-matched controls in near-reaching (Condition 1) and far-reaching space (Condition 2), using the localisation task. SL interpreters presented reduced hand size in near-reaching condition, with characteristic underestimation of finger lengths, and reduced overestimation of hands and wrists widths in comparison with controls. This difference was lost in far-reaching space, confirming the effect of expertise on hand representations is closely linked to the spatial context where an action is performed. As SL interpreters are also experts in the use of their face with communication purposes, the effects of expertise in the metrics of the face were also studied (Experiment 2). SL interpreters were more accurate than controls, with overall reduction of width overestimation. Overall, expertise modifies the representation of relevant body parts in a specific and context-dependent manner. Hence, different representations of the same body part can coexist simultaneously.

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