scholarly journals Influence of the Chelation Process on the Stability of Organic Trace Mineral Supplements Used in Animal Nutrition

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1730
Author(s):  
Laurann Byrne ◽  
Michael J. Hynes ◽  
Cathal D. Connolly ◽  
Richard A. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Ph Stability ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Organic Trace Minerals ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Organic Trace

The effect of the chelation process on the pH-dependent stability of organic trace minerals (OTMs) used as mineral supplements in animal nutrition was assessed using analytical techniques such as potentiometry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIRS) and amino acid profiling. The aim was to understand the influence and relative importance of the manufacturing conditions on mineral chelation and the subsequent pH stability of OTMs. A selection of OTMs were assessed over a wide pH range to account for the typical environmental changes encountered in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In the case of proteinate type products, the potentiometric assessment of free mineral concentration indicated that the hydrolysis procedure used to generate the chelating peptides was the major influencer of the pH stability of the products. Many products are available under the umbrella term “OTMs”, including amino acid complexes, amino acid chelates, polysaccharide complexes and proteinates. Significant differences in the pH-dependent stability of a range of commercially available OTMs were observed.

scholarly journals Trace Mineral Leaching from Equine Compost

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7157
Author(s):  
Ashley L. Fowler ◽  
Mieke Brummer-Holder ◽  
Karl A. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Trace Mineral ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Organic Trace Minerals ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Organic Trace ◽  
Mineral Leaching

Mineral leaching from compost can be environmentally disruptive. Little information is available regarding trace mineral leaching from equine-sourced compost. The objective of this study was to quantify the mineral content and leaching potential of compost produced from feces of horses fed different amounts and forms (organic or inorganic) of trace minerals. Nine horses were fed three treatments in a 3 × 3 replicated Latin Square design. The dietary treatments were provided as a daily pellet: CON (pellet without added trace minerals), ING (added inorganic trace minerals), and ORG (added organic trace minerals). The added trace minerals were Co, Cu, Mn, and Zn. Feces were collected from each horse after a 16-day feeding period, combined with straw, composted, and then subjected to simulated rainfall to measure mineral mobility. Concentrations of Co, Cu, Mn, and Zn were greater in ING and ORG compared to CON compost (p < 0.05); additionally, ING had greater Zn than ORG compost (p < 0.05). More Cu leached from ING and ORG compared to CON (p < 0.05). The most Zn leached from ING, followed by ORG, and the least amount leached from CON compost (p < 0.05). Dietary trace mineral intake affected the trace mineral concentration in the compost and amount available to leach during rainfall events.

Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Peptides Using Fmoc-Amino Acid Chlorides as Coupling Agent Under Biphasic Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Y. Khatavi ◽  
K. Kantharaju
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Chloride ◽  
Acid Ester ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Peptide Bond ◽  
Amino Acid Ester ◽  
Acid Chlorides ◽  
Peptide Bond Formation ◽  
Green Protocol ◽  
Additional Base

Background: Agro-waste derived solvent media act as a greener process for the peptide bond formation using Nα - Fmoc-amino acid chloride and amino acid ester salt with in situ neutralization and coupling under biphasic condition. The Fmoc-amino acid chlorides are prepared by the reported procedure of freshly distilled SOCl2 with dry CH2Cl2. The protocol found many added advantages such as neutralization of amino acid ester salt and not required additional base for the neutralization, and directly coupling take place with Fmoc-amino acid chloride gave final product dipeptide ester in good to excellent yields. The protocol occurs with complete stereo chemical integrity of the configuration of substrates. Here, we revisited Schotten-Baumann condition, instead of using inorganic base. Objective: To develop green protocol for the synthesis of peptide bond using Fmoc-amino acid chloride with amino acid esters salt. Methods: The final product isolated is analyzed in several spectroscopic and analytical techniques such as FT-IR, 1H-, 13CNMR, Mass spectrometry and RP-HPLC to check stereo integrity and purity of the product. Conclusion: The present method developed greener using natural agro-waste (lemon fruit shell ash) derived solvent medium for the reaction and not required chemical entity.

scholarly journals Determination of amino acids in human biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography: critical review

Amino Acids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Gałęzowska ◽  
Joanna Ratajczyk ◽  
Lidia Wolska
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Preparation Conditions

AbstractThe quantitation and qualification of amino acids are most commonly used in clinical and epidemiological studies, and provide an excellent way of monitoring compounds in human fluids which have not been monitored previously, to prevent some diseases. Because of this, it is not surprising that scientific interest in evaluating these compounds has resurfaced in recent years and has precipitated the development of a multitude of new analytical techniques. This review considers recent developments in HPLC analytics on the basis of publications from the last few years. It helps to update and systematize knowledge in this area. Particular attention is paid to the progress of analytical methods, pointing out the advantages and drawbacks of the various techniques used for the preparation, separation and determination of amino acids. Depending on the type of sample, the preparation conditions for HPLC analysis change. For this reason, the review has focused on three types of samples, namely urine, blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Despite time-consuming sample preparation before HPLC analysis, an additional derivatization technique should be used, depending on the detection technique used. There are proposals for columns that are specially modified for amino acid separation without derivatization, but the limit of detection of the substance is less beneficial. In view of the fact that amino acid analyses have been performed for years and new solutions may generate increased costs, it may turn out that older proposals are much more advantageous.

scholarly journals The amino acid at position 624 in the glycoprotein of SFTSV (severe fever with thrombocytopenia virus) plays a critical role in low-pH-dependent cell fusion activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimi TSUDA ◽  
Manabu IGARASHI ◽  
Ryo ITO ◽  
Sanae NISHIO ◽  
Kenta SHIMIZU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Dependent Cell ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Severe Fever

Basic principles

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. White ◽  
Weng C. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Residue ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Amide Bond ◽  
Peptide Chain ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Protecting Group ◽  
Solution Synthesis ◽  
Resin Loading

Construction of a peptide chain on an insoluble solid support has obvious benefits: separation of the intermediate peptides from soluble reagents and solvents can be effected simply by filtration and washing with consequent savings in time and labour over the corresponding operations in solution synthesis; many of the operations are amenable to automation; excess reagents can be employed to help to drive reactions to completion; and physical losses can be minimized as the peptide remains attached to the support throughout the synthesis. This approach does, however, have its attendant limitations. By-products arising from either incomplete reactions, side reactions, or impure reagents will accumulate on the resin during chain assembly and contaminate the final product. The effects on product purity of achieving less than 100% chemical efficiency in every step are illustrated dramatically in Table 1. This has serious implications with regard to product purification as the impurities generated will, by their nature, be very similar to the desired peptide and therefore extremely difficult to remove. Furthermore, the analytical techniques employed for following the progress of reactions in solution are generally not applicable, and recourse must generally be made to simple qualitative colour tests to detect the presence of residual amines on the solid phase. The principles of solid phase synthesis are illustrated in Figure 1. The C-terminal amino acid residue of the target peptide is attached to an insoluble support via its carboxyl group. Any functional groups in amino acid side chains must be masked with permanent protecting groups that are not affected by the reactions conditions employed during peptide chain assembly. The temporary protecting group masking the α-amino group during the initial resin loading is removed. An excess of the second amino acid is introduced, with the carboxy group of this amino acid being activated for amide bond formation through generation of an activated ester or by reaction with a coupling reagent. After coupling, excess reagents are removed by washing and the protecting group removed from the N-terminus of the dipeptide, prior to addition of the third amino acid residue.

scholarly journals Bioinspired Metal–Polyphenol Materials: Self-Healing and Beyond

Biomimetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Andersen ◽  
Yaqing Chen ◽  
Henrik Birkedal
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Bonding ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Underwater Adhesion ◽  
Metal Chelating ◽  
Physical Interactions ◽  
Ph Dependent

The blue mussel incorporates the polyphenolic amino acid l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) to achieve self-healing, pH-responsiveness, and impressive underwater adhesion in the byssus threads that ensure the survival of the animal. This is achieved by a pH-dependent and versatile reaction chemistry of polyphenols, including both physical interactions as well as reversible and irreversible chemical bonding. With a short introduction to the biological background, we here review the latest advances in the development of smart materials based on the metal-chelating capabilities of polyphenols. We focus on new ways of utilizing the polyphenolic properties, including studies on the modifications of the nearby chemical environment (on and near the polyphenolic moiety) and on the incorporation of polyphenols into untraditional materials.

scholarly journals 291 Effects of replacing inorganic trace minerals with low level of organic trace minerals on growth performance, tissue mineral deposition and mineral excretion in piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 120-120
Author(s):  
xun pei ◽  
lujie liu ◽  
geng wang ◽  
minqi wang ◽  
Minyan huai
Keyword(s):  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Mineral Excretion ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Mineral Deposition ◽  
Organic Trace Minerals ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
Organic Minerals ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Organic Trace

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate effects of inorganic trace mineral (ITMs) replacement with low level organic trace minerals (glycine complex minerals, GCMs; proteolytic complex minerals, PCMs) on growth, tissue mineral retention and mineral excretion in piglets. A total of 128 weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Largewhite, 14.37 ± 0.32kg BW) aged 40d were randomly divided into 4 dietary treatments and fed for 28 days, with 4 replicates of 8 piglets per treatment. Dietary treatments were:(T1) basal + ITMs (Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn, sulfate) at 100% commercial level;(T2) basal + ITMs at 50% commercial level + GCMs at 50% commercial level;(T3) basal + GCMs at 50% commercial level;(T4) basal + PCMs at 50% commercial level respectively. On day 29, six piglets from each group were slaughtered to collect serum, muscle and organ samples. The results showed that ADG of T1, T2 and T3 was higher than that of T4 (P &lt; 0.05), FCR of T1, T2 and T3 was lower than that of T4 (P &lt; 0.01). The retention of trace minerals in tissues and serum is significantly correlated with the supplemental level and source of trace minerals. When 50% commercial level ITMs replaced with GCMs, Cu in serum, heart, liver and pancreas, Fe in liver and muscle was increased (P &lt; 0.05), and liver Zn, Mn in heart, liver and muscle was increased (P &lt; 0.01) respectively. Muscle Zn in T3 was higher than that from T4 (P &lt; 0.05) with same level of organic minerals. Zn, Fe, Mn excreted from urine in pigs fed T2 diet was less than that from T1 (P &lt; 0.05), and urine Zn in T3 treatment is lower than that from T4 (P &lt; 0.05). This study indicated that dietary ITMs replacement with GCMs resulted in higher tissue minerals deposition, and organic trace minerals from GCMs exhibited higher bioavailability than those from PCMs.

9: Using non-invasive synchrotronbased analytical techniques in animal nutrition: a novel approach

2019 ◽  
pp. 209-227
Author(s):  
P. Yu ◽  
D. Christensen ◽  
L. Miller ◽  
H. Nakatsuji ◽  
R.T. Zijlstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Novel Approach
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