Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions in Portugal: A Questionnaire to Municipal and Animal Association Shelters

The COVID-19 pandemic has an indirect impact on the health and welfare of animals. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on Municipal and Association animal shelters. A questionnaire was sent to 97 Municipal shelters and 65 Associations. Questions focused on public funding, management and animal welfare during COVID-19 restrictions. The response rate was 43.3% (42/97) for Municipal shelters and 38.5% (25/65) for Associations. Municipal shelters (67%) received over 80% of public funding, whereas 68% of the Associations received less than 50%. During the COVID-19 restrictions, financial difficulties were observed by 52% of Associations and 5% of Municipal shelters, and a lack of volunteers was observed by 56% of Associations and 17% of Municipal shelters. Operational difficulties were indicated by 43% of Associations and 12% of Municipal shelters, and a lack of instructions was observed by 31% of Municipal shelters and 4% of Associations. No significant differences were obtained on abandonment, adoption, clinical support, exercise and interaction. Decreased feed supply was reported by 40% of Associations and 5% of Municipal shelters. During the COVID-19 restrictions, Municipal shelters were more affected by the lack of instructions, and Associations were more affected by external factors such as a decrease in feed supply, volunteers and funding. Preparedness and contingency plans seem essential to face unpredicted crises.

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Humane Legal Protection of Homeless Animals

Studia Iuridica Lublinensia ◽

10.17951/sil.2021.30.3.265-276 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 265-276

Author(s):

Elżbieta Zębek

Keyword(s):

Animal Welfare ◽

Animal Rights ◽

Legal Protection ◽

Universal Declaration ◽

Animal Shelters ◽

Animal Protection ◽

Eu Countries ◽

Protection Legislation ◽

State Of Affairs ◽

Inspection Data

Animal rights at the international level have been defined in the Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare, which has become a guiding principle for many EU countries in shaping animal protection legislation. The subject of this article is the humane protection of homeless animals, which is the responsibility of the municipality in terms of maintaining cleanliness and order. The study assumes that by carrying out tasks regarding the protection of animals from homelessness, municipalities contribute to the effective protection of animals by providing them with appropriate care. The analysis found that the provisions of the Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare have been fully incorporated into Polish legislation. However, the effectiveness of the provisions on the protection of homeless animals executed by municipalities is not entirely satisfactory as evidenced by the post-inspection data and selected jurisprudence. In order to improve this state of affairs, the following de lege ferenda postulates were formulated, which in part are also guidelines of the Supreme Audit Office extending the catalog of activities in municipal homeless animal protection programs, introducing the requirement to inspect animal shelters by municipalities, changing the location requirements of animal shelters and also clarifying sanitary requirements concerning the conditions in which animals live in to improve their welfare. The above changes in legislation may contribute to more efficient humane protection of homeless animals in Poland and may serve as an example for other EU countries.

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Systemic Approach to Evaluating External Factors Influencing the Resource Potential of the Catering Industry

THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY ◽

10.32983/2222-0712-2021-2-143-148 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (48) ◽

pp. 143-148

Author(s):

M. M. Kucher ◽

◽

H. P. Levchenko ◽

Keyword(s):

External Factors ◽

Economic Situation ◽

Business Practices ◽

Labor Costs ◽

Resource Potential ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Catering Industry ◽

Indirect Impact ◽

Business Entities ◽

The Impact

One of the defining sectoral features of the catering business as a component of a national economy is its increased sensitivity to changes occurring in the economic situation, environment and business practices. It is a priori impossible to take into account the absolute majority of factors influencing the process of resource potential formation, so it is necessary to determine the set of those factors that have a direct or indirect impact on the catering business in general and resource potential in particular, as well as on the formation of their comprehensive evaluation system. The article is aimed at evaluating the impact of these factors on the resource potential of enterprises in the catering industry. The macroenvironment is analyzed as a set of external factors of indirect impact by the following indices: GDP, investment, consumer price index, household income. The dualistic nature of the impact made by external factors of indirect impact is established, whereas these factors can be both opportunities and threats to the catering industry depending on certain criteria of the international economic situation. A comprehensive analysis of the meso environment from the standpoint of dividing impact factors in two groups: the market group (number of business entities in catering industry; gross output and volume of sales of goods; price indices for goods and services) and resource group (financial results of the catering industry and services; investment volume and structure in this area; employment and labor costs; information technologies usage). The presence and hidden sources by types of resources are established. Synthesis of the impact areas of external factors on the activity of catering business entities is made based on a symbiosis of the following methods: PEST-analysis, SWOT-analysis, PESTEL-analysis. A set of evaluation areas of factors influencing the formation of the resource potential of an enterprise is created, providing for the application of the distribution criterion depending on the area of evaluating external factors of indirect impact. The general economic indicator (GDP) is suggested to be used as a distribution criterion, whose range of values will indicate the transition of a particular index to the plane of "threat" or "opportunity".

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Lack of environmental enrichments in shelters for homeless animals: Animal welfare and human perception of animals’ need

Medycyna Weterynaryjna ◽

10.21521/mw.6358 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 76 (03) ◽

pp. 6358-2020

Author(s):

HANNA MAMZER

Keyword(s):

Animal Welfare ◽

Human Perception ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Social Stimuli ◽

Communicative Skills ◽

Animal Shelters ◽

Complex Interactions ◽

Scientific Experiments ◽

Companion Species ◽

Polish Law

The more social and intelligent an animal is, the more stimuli it needs for optimal welfare. Animal welfare is based on complex interactions between somatic, psychological and social stimuli that fulfill animals’ needs at various levels. This is also true of dogs – the species that was domesticated first due to its extensive social and communicative skills as well as cognitive capabilities. In view of these facts, it is difficult to explain why Polish law does not require animal shelters to provide dogs with environmental and social enrichments. Environmental enrichments are required by law for animals used in scientific experiments, for animals kept in zoos and for farm animals in industrial farming, but not for companion species kept in shelters. This is even more surprising considering that homeless animals spend long years in shelters, while the other categories of animals mentioned above may, according to their use, live much shorter lives. What are the consequences of this undesirable situation for animals in shelters and for society, and how can it be changed?

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FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEGAGALAN USAHA

ISLAMICONOMIC Jurnal Ekonomi Islam ◽

10.32678/ijei.v6i1.29 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

MUKHLISHOTUL JANNAH

Keyword(s):

Financial Crisis ◽

Natural Disasters ◽

Economic Crisis ◽

Global Financial Crisis ◽

External Factors ◽

Business Failure ◽

Economic Factors ◽

Macroeconomic Conditions ◽

Financial Difficulties ◽

A Company

Abstract. The Factors of Business Failure. The changes in macroeconomic conditions may affect the survival of a company. There are many companies which struck a snag financially when economic crisis on middle year 1997, and some of them into bankruptcy. On the year end of 2008, global financial crisis at various states caused on company viability. The viability of a company not only based on the external factors, but also caused by internal company management. An enterprise is not always good developed as expected but in practice many companies have failed on business. Business failure is not limited to one industry or a particular company, but can be experienced by all industries or companies. There are various factors can cause business failure, such as economic factors, management fault, and natural disasters. The failure of companies will have an impact on the company's financial difficulties. There are many factors that lead the companies into financial difficulties, but most of factor either directly or indirectly is due to management errors happen repeatedly. Lastly, the accumulation of management incompetence in managing the company that finally resulted in the failure of company.Abstrak. Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kegagalan Usaha. Perubahan kondisi ekonomi makro dapat mempengaruhi kelangsungan hidup suatu perusahaan. Ketika terjadi krisis ekonomi pada pertengahan tahun 1997, banyak perusahaan yang mengalami kesulitan keuangan dan bahkan beberapa diantaranya mengalami kebangkrutan. Krisis keuangan global yang terjadi pada akhir tahun 2008 pun berdampak pada kelangsungan hidup perusahaan diberbagai negara. Kelangsungan hidup suatu perusahaan tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh kondisi di luar perusahaan, tetapi juga oleh pengelolaan perusahaan yang kurang baik. Suatu perusahaan tidak selalu berkembang dengan baik sebagaimana diharapkan. Dalam praktik, banyak perusahaan yang mengalami kegagalan. Kegagalan bisnis tidak terbatas pada satu industri atau perusahaan tertentu, tapi dapat dialami oleh semua industri atau perusahaan. Ada berbagai faktor yang dapat menyebabkan perusahaan mengalami kegagalan, diantaranya adalah faktor ekonomi, kesalahan manajemen, dan bencana alam. Perusahaan yang mengalami kegagalan dalam operasinya akan berdampak pada kesulitan keuangan perusahaan. Ada banyak faktor yang mengakibatkan perusahaan mengalami kesulitan keuangan, tapi kebanyakan penyebabnya, baik langsung atau tidak langsung adalah karena kesalahan manajemen yang terjadi berulang-ulang. Akumulasi ketidakmampuan manajemen dalam mengelola perusahaan inilah yang akhirnya mengakibatkan kegagalan perusahaan.

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Is a One Welfare Approach the Key to Addressing Unintended Harms and Maximising Benefits Associated with Animal Shelters?

Journal of Applied Animal Ethics Research ◽

10.1163/25889567-12340010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 177-208

Author(s):

Anne Fawcett

Keyword(s):

Animal Welfare ◽

Compassion Fatigue ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Moral Distress ◽

Animal Health ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Well Being ◽

Animal Shelters ◽

The One ◽

Behavioural Deterioration

Abstract Animal shelters, pounds and rescue organisations have evolved over time. Today they serve three purposes: to reduce animal welfare harms, to reduce harms to the community associated with free-roaming, stray or unwanted companion animals, and to reduce their associated environmental harms. This discussion explores the evolution of animal shelters, and argues that they are justified on utilitarian grounds. It explores unintended harms of shelters on animal welfare, including humane killing for the purposes of population control and shelter population management, as well as risks associated with confinement including behavioural deterioration and infectious diseases. It also explores harms to non-human animals, including moral distress and compassion fatigue. Finally, it explores potential environmental harms of shelters. The One Welfare concept, utilised in the World Animal Health Organisation (OIE) Global Animal Welfare Strategy, acknowledges the interplay between animal welfare, human well-being and environmental sustainability. It is argued that the One Welfare framework is critical in minimising harms and maximising benefits associated with animal shelters.

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Changing human behaviour to enhance animal welfare

10.1079/9781789247237.0000 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Animal Welfare ◽

Developing Country ◽

Low Income ◽

Human Behaviour ◽

Animal Shelters ◽

The People ◽

Successful Work ◽

Book Covers ◽

Working Equids

Abstract This 183-paged book covers ways to improve welfare in situations where there is no large corporate buyer to enforce standards. Many of the chapters in the book cover working equids or village dogs. This requires a totally different approach compared to working with corporate supply managers. Many of the chapters describe successful work in low-income areas of countries such as Pakistan, Nigeria, India or Ethiopia. It has a total of 11 chapters and is essential reading for people who are working to improve animal welfare in the local animals in a low-income area or developing country. It will also be helpful for people working in zoos or animal shelters. It is aimed at readers who are working directly with the people who care for the animals.

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The Demise of the Jane Addams Hull House Association: Internal or External Factors to Blame?

Kellogg School of Management Cases ◽

10.1108/case.kellogg.2016.000351 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Anne Cohn Donnelly ◽

Charlotte Snyder

Keyword(s):

External Factors ◽

List Type ◽

Social Service Agencies ◽

Roles And Responsibilities ◽

Nonprofit Boards ◽

Jane Addams ◽

Financial Difficulties ◽

Hull House ◽

Internal And External Factors ◽

Service Agencies

In January 2012, the Jane Addams Hull House Association—one of Chicago's largest and oldest social service agencies and arguably its most iconic—announced that it might have to close in the spring due to financial difficulties. Just days later, the 122-year-old organization stunned the philanthropic world when it laid off its employees without notice, declared its intention to liquidate in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, and shut its doors forever. In the weeks that followed, more and more people began to ask: What had happened to the board? Had bankruptcy really been inevitable? This case chronicles the organization's final decade and enables students to step into the shoes of the chairman of the board, Steve Saunders, as he led the board through its last two years. Students will examine the roles and responsibilities of effective boards and determine how internal and external factors contributed to Hull House's demise.After reading and analyzing the case, students will be able to: Describe the roles and responsibilities of nonprofit boards Determine when the board is not performing its job and what the implications are for the organization Evaluate ways in which the board might change in order to do a better job Diagnose when external environmental factors threaten the security of a nonprofit and how the board itself might diagnose and work with such threats

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Dog importation and changes in canine intestinal nematode prevalence in Colorado 2013-2017

10.21203/rs.2.20158/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jason Drake ◽

Rudolph Parrish

Keyword(s):

Animal Welfare ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Parasite Prevalence ◽

Test Results ◽

Department Of Agriculture ◽

Chi Square ◽

Animal Shelters ◽

Vector Borne Diseases ◽

Intestinal Nematode ◽

Animal Rescue

Abstract BackgroundAnimal rescue and animal welfare organizations are relocating thousands of dogs per year following natural disasters and in attempts to provide greater adoption opportunities. Many dogs are sourced from the southeastern USA, which historically has a high prevalence rate for many parasites and parasitic diseases. The Colorado Department of Agriculture Pet Animal Care Facilities Act (PACFA) requires animal shelters and animal welfare organizations to report annually a variety of statistics including the numbers of dogs imported into Colorado from out of state. The Companion Animal Parasite Council (CAPC) provides data nationally, down to the state and county level, on a variety of common parasitic and vector borne diseases. This data makes it possible to track changes in parasite prevalence over several years. MethodsTest results for canine roundworm, hookworm and whipworm were collected from the CAPC maps for 2013-2017. Dog importation data for 2014-2017 was collected from PACFA reports. For evaluation of the statistical significance of prevalence changes when comparing 2013 to 2017, 2 × 2 contingency tables were constructed with both positive and negative test results for each year and the data assessed using Chi-square tests to determine if the 2017 prevalence was significantly different than the 2013 prevalence for roundworm, hookworm and whipworm.ResultsSignificant increases in intestinal nematode prevalence occurred in Colorado from 2013 to 2017. The prevalence of canine roundworm rose 35.60%, the prevalence of canine hookworm rose 137.33% and the prevalence of canine whipworm rose 63.68%. From 2014-2017, over 114,000 dogs were transported into Colorado from out-of-state, by more than 130 animal shelters and rescue organizations. Three of the larger organizations reported that the majority of their dogs were obtained from New Mexico, Texas and Oklahoma. Texas and Oklahoma have historically much higher parasite prevalence than Colorado. ConclusionsVeterinarians in areas with historically low parasite prevalence where dogs from high parasite prevalence areas are arriving for adoption may need to reevaluate their recommendations regarding fecal examination and deworming frequencies as historic levels of intestinal parasite infection may no longer be accurate assessments of future infection risks.

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Evaluation of dog spaying, animal welfare, and dog owner/caretaker knowledge in Afyonkarahisar Province

Medycyna Weterynaryjna ◽

10.21521/mw.6365 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 98-102

Author(s):

DUYGU BAKI ACAR

Keyword(s):

Animal Welfare ◽

Animal Rights ◽

Accurate Information ◽

Crucial Point ◽

Animal Shelters ◽

Stray Dogs ◽

Stray Dog ◽

The Mean ◽

Dog Owners

The present study evaluated the demographics and knowledge of the dog owners regarding the importance of dog spaying/neutering and animal welfare in Afyonkarahisar Province. Therefore, the original questionnaires were prepared to evaluate the knowledge of dog owners/caretakers about dog reproduction, spaying of dogs, and stray animal welfare. The mean age of participants was 33, and 51.8% of responders were female and 48.2% were male. Most of the dogs (83.7%) were not spayed/neutered and spaying/neutering age was ≥ 2 years. Fifty-five per cent of owners had a dog for more than 5 years, and only 2% of dogs were obtained from a dog shelter. Most of the participants reported that municipalities should take more active roles and increase the number and quality of animal shelters. Adopting dogs from shelters, putting food and water containers on the streets for stray dogs, and promoting the awareness of people regarding animal rights and welfare were among the responses. There was a knowledge deficiency regarding the importance of spaying/neutering dogs, especially spaying females, and the reproductive characteristics of dogs that may cause an increase in the stray dog population and unwanted puppies. The results of this study revealed that the dissemination of accurate information to people is a crucial point in the welfare of both stray and owned dogs and controlling the overpopulation of free-roaming dogs.

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MEASURING THE INFLUENCE OF TAX ADVERTISING AND SERVICES AS EXTERNAL FACTORS ON TAXPAYER COMPLIANCE

Jurnal Akuntansi Bisnis ◽

10.30813/jab.v14i2.2523 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Eko Retno Indriyarti ◽

Michael Christian

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Quantitative Study ◽

Analytical Tool ◽

External Factors ◽

Tax Revenue ◽

Internal Factors ◽

Stability Functions ◽

The Social ◽

Indirect Impact

ABSTRACT: Amid the continuing increase in the number of taxpayers in Indonesia, it is expected that the amount of tax revenue for the state will continue to increase. The increase in the amount of revenue is aimed at optimizing tax functions, namely budgetary, distribution and stability functions. However, the success of this tax revenue is strongly influenced, one of which is the taxpayer compliance to fulfill its obligations. Apart from internal factors that come from individual taxpayers, external factors have an important role in shaping taxpayer compliance. Several studies still show different results on these external factors on their influence on Taxpayer Compliance. This study aims to explain and analyze the influence of tax and tax service advertisement socialization factors on taxpayer compliance in Jakarta. This research is a quantitative study using multiple regression analysis. The analytical tool used in this study is the Social Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 25.0). The results of this study explain that taxpayer compliance is influenced by tax advertising socialization. In addition, the Taxpayer Compliance variable is also influenced by tax services. Simultaneously, tax dissemination and services also affect taxpayer compliance. With limitations on the specifications of the external factors used, this study also emphasizes the characteristics of taxpayers such as novice taxpayers, which is an interesting input to be carried out in subsequent studies. The level of tax knowledge for the group taxpayers will be closely related to the awareness of taxpayers in carrying out their obligations. This has an indirect impact on the level of compliance as a taxpayer. Keywords: Taxpayer compliance, advertising, services ABSTRAK: Di tengah terus meningkatnya jumlah wajib pajak di Indonesia diharapkan dapat terus meningkatkan jumlah penerimaan pajak bagi negara. Peningkatan jumlah penerimaan ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan fungsi-fungsi pajak yaitu fungsi budgeter, distribusi, dan stabilitas. Namun demikian keberhasilan penerimaan pajak ini sangat dipengaruhi salah satunya dari Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak untuk memenuhi kewajibannya. Selain faktor internal yang berasal dari individu wajib pajak, faktor eksternal memiliki peran penting dalam membentuk kepatuhan wajib pajak. Beberapa penelitian masih menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda pada faktor-faktor eksternal tersebut terhadap pengaruhnya pada Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan menganalisis pengaruh faktor sosialisasi iklan pajak dan layanan pajak terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak di Jakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Alat analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu Social Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 25). Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak dipengaruhi oleh Sosialisasi iklan pajak. Selain itu, variabel Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak juga dipengaruhi oleh Layanan pajak. Secara simultan, Sosialisasi dan Layanan pajak turut mempengaruhi Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak. Dengan keterbatasan pada spesifikasi faktor eksternal yang digunakan, penelitian ini menekankan juga pada karakter-karakter wajib pajak seperti Wajib Pajak pemula menjadi salah satu masukan yang menarik untuk dilakukan pada penelitian berikutnya. Tingkat pengetahuan pajak bagi wajib pajak kelompok tersebut akan sangat berhubungan dengan kesadaran wajib pajak dalam menjalankan kewajibannya. Hal ini secara tidak langsung berdampak pada seberapa tinggi kepatuhan sebagai Wajib Pajak.Kata Kunci: kepatuhan wajib pajak, iklan, layanan

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