scholarly journals Retinol and α-Tocopherol Contents, Fat Color, and Lipid Oxidation as Traceability Tools of the Feeding System in Suckling Payoya Kids

Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Mercedes Roncero-Díaz ◽  
Begoña Panea ◽  
María de Guía Córdoba ◽  
Anastasio Argüello ◽  
María J. Alcalde
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Oxidation Index ◽  
Natural Milk ◽  
Feeding Systems

The effects of Payoya kid feeding systems on the fat-soluble vitamin (retinol/α-tocopherol) contents, fat content, fat color, and the oxidation index were evaluated to determine their potential for use as feeding system traceability tools. Four groups of Payoya kids (55 animals in total) fed milk exclusively were studied: a group fed a milk replacer (MR) and three groups fed natural milk from dams reared with different management systems (mountain grazing (MG), cultivated meadow (CM) and total mixed ration (TMR)). Kids were slaughtered around one month of age and 8 kg of live weight. Kids from the MG and CM groups presented lower retinol (5.56 and 3.72 µg/mL) and higher α-tocopherol plasma (11.43 and 8.85 µg/mL) concentrations than those from the TMR and MR groups (14.98 and 22.47 µg/mL of retinol; 2.49 and 0.52 µg/mL of α-tocopherol, respectively) (p < 0.001). With respect to fat, kids with a higher intramuscular fat percentage (CM and TMR groups) had lower retinol contents (16.52 and 15.99 µg/mL, respectively) than kids from the MG and MR groups (26.81 and 22.63 µg/mL, respectively) (p < 0.001). A dilution effect of vitamins on fat was shown: the higher the amount of fat, the lower the vitamin concentrations, the higher the lipid oxidation index (MDA), and the lower the SUM (absolute value of the integral of the translated spectra between 450 and 510 nm). A discriminant analysis that included all studied variables showed that 94.4% of the kids were classified correctly according to their feeding system and could allow traceability to the consumer.

The effect of cow genetic index and grass-based feeding system on the performance of spring-calving Holstein-Friesian cows in second lactation

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
P. Dillon ◽  
F. Buckley ◽  
S. Snijders ◽  
S. Crosse
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Genetic Index ◽  
Feeding Systems

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of both cow genetic index (CGI) and feeding system on the performance of second lactation Holstein-Friesian dairy cows on grass-based feeding systems. There was no interaction between CGI and feeding system for any of the parameters measured. Cows of high genetic index (HGI) produced significantly higher yields of milk (P < 0.001), fat (P < 0.001) protein (P < 0.0001) and lactose (P < 0.001) than medium genetic index cows (MGI). CGI had no effect on the concentration of milk constituents. Averaged across four intake measurements the HGI cows had significantly (P < 0.001) higher grass dry-matter intake (GDMI) and total dry-matter intake (TDMI). Live weight was similar for both genotypes during lactation. The HGI cows had significantly (P < 0.05) higher live-weight loss in the first 10 weeks of lactation, significantly lower live-weight gain from week 10 to the end of lactation and higher (P < 0.05) live-weight gain during the dry period. Condition score was significantly lower with the HGI (P < 0.001) at all stages of lactation. There was a higher proportion (P < 0.05) of the HGI cows non-pregnant at the end of the 13-week breeding season. Feeding system had a significant effect on the yield of milk (P < 0.001), fat (P < 0.001), protein (P < 0.001) and lactose (P < 0.001). Feeding system B produced significantly higher (P < 0.05) milk yield and yield of constituents (when compared with feeding systems A and C). Over the period when feeding systems were being applied, feeding system C had significantly higher (P < 0.05) milk protein concentration. Feeding system had a significant effect (P < 0.001) on both GDMI and TDMI. Feeding system had no effect on live weight, condition score or fertility performance.

scholarly journals Cassava-Based Diets Increase Live Weight Gain of Cross Bred Bulls in Small Fattening Systems in Malang, East Java

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Deni Setiadi ◽  
Kasmiati Kasmiati ◽  
Abu Z. Zakariya ◽  
Karen Harper ◽  
Dennis Poppi
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
By Products ◽  
Feeding Systems

Traditional farmers usually use local feed ingredient based on cheapest ingredients without considering the importance of feed conversion ratio to maximise cattle growth. The experiment was conducted to determine the growth of crossbred bulls fed on a cassava by-product based diet and a local concentrate. Fifty cross bred bulls aged 1.5–2 years were used in this study. The bulls were divided into five groups and offered 1% and 2% local concentrate (T1 and T2), 1% and 2% cassava-based diet (T3 and T4) and the current feeding system (CFS) by farmers (T0) as the control. Local concentrate was bought from Blitar while cassava-based diets contained 50% cassava, 25% copra meal and 25% palm kernel cake. No interventions were made to the CFS, however, some farmers in T0 used local forages and agricultural by-products such as rice bran and pollard bran as a feed, and adopted the supplementation of local concentrates as used by T1 and T2 farmers. The average daily gain were 1.13 kg/head/day (T0), 1.09 kg/head/day (T1), 1.38 kg/head/day (T2), 0.8 kg/head/day (T3) and 1.23 kg/head/day (T4). The study found that local concentrates promoted high average daily gain and that traditional feeding systems (CFS) performed well when farmers saw other farmers feeding better diets.

The effect of strain of Holstein-Friesian cow and feeding system on reproductive performance in seasonal-calving milk production systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Horan ◽  
J. F. Mee ◽  
M. Rath ◽  
P. O' Connor ◽  
P. Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
North American ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Feeding Systems

AbstractThree strains of Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows: high production North American (HP), high durability North American (HD) and New Zealand (NZ) were assigned, within strain, to one of three pasture-based feeding systems: Moorepark (MP), high concentrate (HC), and high stocking rate (HS). The effects of strain of HF, feeding system and parity on milk production, body condition score (BCS), live weight, energy balance and reproductive performance were studied using a repeated measures model with a factorial arrangement of strain ofHF and feeding systems. Associations between these variables and conception to first service (CONCEPT1), conception to first and second service (CONCEPTl_2), pregnancy rate at 6 weeks (PREG6) and overall pregnancy rate (PREG) were assessed using logistic regressions. When treatment means were compared, the NZ strain had a shorter gestation length and a higher CONCEPT1J2 than both the HP and HD strains. Similarly, the NZ strain had a higher PREG6 and PREG than the HP strain. Feeding system had no significant effect on reproductive performance. The HP strain had the highest milk yield at first AI and peak milk yield, the NZ strain had the lowest milk yield while the HD strain was intermediate. The energy balance of the NZ strain was higher than that of the HP and HD strains. The NZ strain had the lowest live weight and highest BCS; the HD strain had the highest live weight and the HP strain had the lowest BCS. The results show that dairy cows with superior genetic merit for fertility traits have better reproductive performance.

scholarly journals Does Feeding System Influence Parasitism in Black Bengal Goats in Bangladesh?

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKMA Rabbi ◽  
A Islam ◽  
M Anisuzzaman ◽  
S Majumder ◽  
MH Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Sample ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Extensive System ◽  
Parasitic Burden ◽  
Demodex Sp ◽  
Feeding Systems ◽  
Intensive System

To study the parasitism in goats in relation to different feeding systems, 1110 goats from different areas of Jaypurhat, Tangail, Netrakona and Mymensingh districts were examined. By fecal sample examination, 76.5% goats were found to be infected with one or more species of endoparasites. In this study, 9 types of helminths’ ova were identified such as Fasciola gigantica (14.8%), Paramphistomum sp. (28.5%), Schistosoma indicum (3.2%), strongyles (35%), Strongyloides sp. (17.4%), Toxocara spp. (1.5%), Trichuris sp. (4.6%), Capillaria sp. (1.2%) and Moniezia sp. (3.7%). Two types of protozoa were also detected, namely, Eimeria sp. (7.1%) and Balantidium coli (5.5%). Along with these, five species of ectoparasites were found: two species were lice such as Damilinia caprae (13.9 %) and Linognathus vitulli (4.2%), and two species were ticks namely, Haemophysalis bispinosa (21.2%), Rhipicaphalus (Boophilus) microplus (3.6%) and one species was mite, namely, Demodex sp. (2.9%). Mean parasitic burden of Paramphistomum sp. (259.81 ± 3.35) was the highest followed by Eimeria sp. (224.1 ± 16.9) and Moniezia sp. (204.9 ± 19.7). Prevalence of helminths and protozoa was significantly (P<0.01) highest in extensive system (86.1%) followed by semi-intensive (76.3%) and intensive system (57.5%). Ova of Schistosoma indicum was absent in the fecal sample of goats of intensive system. Goats of extensive and semi-intensive systems were 4.6 and 2.4 times more susceptible to helminth infection than those of intensive system. Ectoparasitic infestation was the highest in semi-intensive system (59.7%) followed by extensive system (33.5%) and intensive system (8.2%). In conclusion, the present study suggests that feeding system has a great impact on the prevalence of parasites in Black Bengal goats. Further study can be carried out to determine the effect of parasitism in the production performance of Black Bengal goats.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v22i1-2.16470 Progress. Agric. 22(1 & 2): 85-95, 2011

On the relative growth and development of various breeds and crosses of sheep

1921 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Records of the live and carcase weights of sheep exhibited at the Smithfield Show from 1893 to 1913 have been treated statistically. The results show the average weights, rates of growth, and proportions of the carcase in the different breeds of sheep at 9 months and at 21 months of age (see Tables II and V).On the average of all breeds the rate of growth declines from 4·7 lbs. per week from birth to 9 months of age to 1·7 lbs. per week from 9 to 21 months of age.The carcase percentage increases with age on the average from 61 per cent, at 9 months to 65 per cent, at 21 months and with it the percentage of fat from 5·7 per cent, at 9 months to 64 per cent, at 21 months. On the other hand the proportions of pluck, skin and alimentary canal (“Unaccounted for”) decrease with age.Ratios of early maturity are given for the various breeds and the factors which affect it are discussed.The average weights, rates of growth and proportions of the carcase are given for the different crosses of sheep (see Tables IX and XIII).From a comparison of crossbreds with pure breeds it would appear that crossing leads to increase in live weight and probably more early maturity. There is an indication that the proportions of carcase, fat and pluck are less but the proportions of skin and alimentary canal are greater in crossbreds than in the pure breeds of sheep.There is greater variation in live weight in the Cheviot and Blackface breeds than in the Leicester, Southdown, Hampshire and Suffolk breeds; in the latter breeds variability decreases but in the former breeds it increases with age.Variability in live weight at 9 months old has steadily increased from 1893 to 1913 but at 21 months old there has been little change.Some parts are more variable in their proportion to live weight than are others. Fat and alimentary canal are most variable, skin and pluck slightly less variable, while the proportion of carcase is less variable even than live weight.The variability of the proportions of carcase, pluck and alimentary canal increase while the variability of the proportions of fat and skin decrease with age.Within a breed and among animals of the same age the heaviest sheep generally have the highest carcase and fat percentage and the lowest percentage of pluck, skin and alimentary canal.A high proportion of carcase is correlated with a high proportion of fat and a low proportion of skin and alimentary canal at 9 months old. At 21 months old the same holds true with the exception that the sheep with the highest carcase percentage have not the most fat.The proportion of pluck does not appear to be correlated with any other part of the body except inversely with the live weight.During the period 1893–1913, although individual breeds show differences, the majority have increased in live weight at 9 months old but at 21 months old have remained practically constant in weight.The sheep exhibited in 1840 were very much fatter than those shown in the Carcase Classes of to-day and are probably comparable with those of the present-day Live Classes. Since 1840 Leicesters have shown a great increase and Southdowns a small increase in weight.The carcase percentage of sheep both at 9 and 21 months of age has steadily decreased during the period 1893–1913; this has been attended by an increase in the proportion of pluck, skin and alimentary canal.There is an indication that the influences which affect sheep in their first year of life (store period) affect their ultimate size.The seasonal variation in the weight attained by sheep is dependent on the rainfall; a high rainfall through increased root and fodder crops causing increased live weight.

Lactation pattern in Scottish Blackface and East Friesland × Scottish Blackface cross-bred ewes

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Peart ◽  
J. M. Doney ◽  
W. F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Cross

SummaryMilk yield of 2-year-old Scottish Blackface and of East Friesland × Scottish Blackface ewes rearing single or twin lambs was estimated by the oxytocin method on 1 day each week up to the 14th week of lactation. Both groups of ewes had been reared from birth under good nutritional conditions. They were housed in individual pens from mid-pregnancy and offered a liberal ration of a pelleted concentrate food until parturition. Similar food was offered ad libitum during lactation.The cross-bred ewes rearing singles or twins produced significantly more milk in the first 12 weeks (181 and 258 kg respectively) than did pure Blackface ewes in the same period (144 and 208 kg respectively). The pattern of lactation differed between breeds. Cross-bred ewes attained higher maximum yields between the second and sixth weeks (2·37 and 3·32 kg/day, respectively, for single- and twin-suckled ewes) than did the Blackface ewes (1·97 and 2·88 kg/day). The yield from the cross-breds was sustained at a higher level throughout lactation. In the third 4-week period cross-bred ewes rearing single and twin lambs produced 116 and 92%, respectively, of their yield in the first 4 weeks whilst Blackface ewes produced 87 and 65%, respectively.In the sixth week of lactation the milk produced by the two breed groups was similar in quality (mean value of solids-not-fat 11·04% and fat 5·48%) but by the 11th week the fat percentage of milk produced by Blackface ewes had increased significantly to 7·34% whereas that of the cross-breds had remained almost unchanged.Single-suckled ewes gained weight throughout lactation but twin-suckled ewes remained relatively constant. Lambs reared as singles by cross-bred or Blackface ewes reached a mean live weight of 36·2 and 35·0 kg at 102 days of age, respectively, compared with 33·6 and 30·1 kg for twin lambs. Food intake of all ewes increased until the fifth or sixth week of lactation.

Energy intake and patterns of growth for male and female fallow deer of two genotypes, between 10 and 21 months of age

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-342
Author(s):  
R.C. Mulley ◽  
G.W. Asher ◽  
J.S. Flesh ◽  
K.T. O’Neill ◽  
J. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dama Dama ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Feeding Systems

AbstractEuropean (no. = 36) and hybrid (¼ Mesopotamian, ¾ European; no. = 36) fallow deer (Dama dama) were evaluated for weight gain and energy intake from 10 to 21 months of age. Twelve each of bucks, does and castrated males (haviers) were tested for each genotype, in both concentrate-fed and pasture-based feeding systems. Based on weekly weighing hybrids (H) in each of the sex classes grew more rapidly (5 g/day across all groups) than the European (E) fallow deer (P < 0·05). Haviers given concentrates grew significantly faster than pasture-fed haviers (P < 0·01), whilst does grown on pasture grew significantly faster than those given concentrates (P < 0·01). There was no significant difference in pattern of growth between bucks on pasture and those given concentrates (P > 0·05). Does grew significantly less (P < 0·01) than bucks and haviers in spring, summer and winter but environmental differences between years could not be accounted for in the analysis.Animals of all sexes and genotypes experienced rapid growth from 10 to 12 months of age (spring) and this was associated with energy intakes according to metabolic body weight (M0·75) these ranging between 0·8 and 1·1 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) per kg M0·75 per day. There were significantly (P < 0·01) higher levels of energy consumed by H does and haviers in the summer, compared with their E counterparts but this was not associated with greater growth rates. However, H does had significantly higher (P < 0·01) dressing proportions at slaughter than E does. The energy intake on a metabolic body weight basis for most groups declined to between 0·7 and 0·8 MJ ME per kg M0·75 per day from 12 to 21 months of age, except for the does, which declined even further to between 0·5 and 0·6 MJ ME per kg M0·75 per day from 17 months of age.There were no significant differences between E and H deer for energy intakes per M0·75, and H deer were slightly more energy efficient than their E counterparts in terms of growth rate in relation to annual gross energy intake. The food intake : weight gain ratio increased considerably for both genotypes after 14 months of age, indicating the desirability for slaughtering as soon as animals reach the target live weight. It was concluded that the crossbreeding system described is production efficient and produced offspring that reached slaughter weight sooner than E fallow deer and thereby produced carcasses with a greater wholesale value than their E counterparts of the same age.

scholarly journals Milk-substitute diet composition and abomasal secretion in the calf

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Williams ◽  
J. H. B. Roy ◽  
Catherine M. Gillies
Keyword(s):  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Milk Substitute ◽  
Protease Secretion ◽  
Spray Dried

1. The effect of different protein sources in milk-substitute diets on abomasal acidity and proteolytic activity was studied in Friesian calves, aged 20–58 d (Expt 1). The diets contained ‘mildly’ preheated, spray-dried skim-milk powder (MHM), ‘severely’ preheated, spray-dried skim-milk powder (SHM), fish-protein concentrate (FPC) or solvent-extracted soya-bean flour (SF) as the main protein source.2. Gastric juice was collected from abomasal pouches before feeding and at 15 min intervals for 8 h after the morning feed. Samples of digesta were obtained from the abomasum at 1 h intervals during the same period.3. Digesta pH was lower and titratable acidity higher 0-3 h after giving the diet containing MHM than when any of the other three diets was given.4. Acid secretion from the pouches for the different diets was in the order: FPC > MHM > SHM ≥ SF.5. Protease secretion from the pouches, assayed at pH 2.1, was in the order: MHM > SHM = FPC > SF.6. The effect of dry matter (dm) intake and concentration on abomasal acidity was also studied in calves given diets which contained MHM (Expt 2). This diet was reconstituted at either 100 or 149 g dm/kg liquid diet and fed at either 32.5 or 49.0 g DM/kg live weight 0.75 per d. Samples of abomasal digesta were collected as in Expt 1.7. A high intake of dm at a low dm concentration resulted in low acidity of the digesta in the first 3 h after feeding, which suggested a dilution effect. Comparison of two diets of different dm concentration, which were fed in the same volume of liquid, indicated that the greater the dm intake, the greater was the amount of acid secreted.8. It is concluded that the protein sources varied in their ability to stimulate abomasal acid and protease secretion and it is suggested that this may relate to calf performance.

A note on the carcass quality of Dairy Shorthorn, Red Friesian, Red Holstein, Danish Red, Meuse-Rhine-Yssel, Simmental and North Devon progeny of Dairy Shorthorn dams

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-297
Author(s):  
P. M. Hocking
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Improvement Programme ◽  
Breed Improvement ◽  
Average Standard Error ◽  
Feeding Systems

ABSTRACTCarcass characteristics of 246 bulls and steers by Dairy Shorthorn (DS), Red Friesian (RF), Red Holstein (RH), Danish Red (DR), Meuse-Rhine-Yssel (MR), Simmental (SM) and North Devon (BB) bulls were recorded as part of a breed improvement programme. Carcasses of animals on grass-feeding systems were older, had lower fat and conformation scores and higher estimated lean yield than on intensive cereal systems, BB were fatter, and MR and SM leaner, than the remaining breed groups which were similar to DS and SM progeny had high conformation scores. Estimated lean in the live weight (g/kg) relative to DS was RF +5, RH −3, DR +5, MR +16, SM +16 and BB +6 with an average standard error of 3.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document