scholarly journals Soybean Lecithin High in Free Fatty Acids for Broiler Chicken Diets: Impact on Performance, Fatty Acid Digestibility and Saturation Degree of Adipose Tissue

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 802
Author(s):  
Viñado ◽  
Castillejos ◽  
Barroeta
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Soybean Lecithin ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Finisher Diets

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the inclusion of soybean lecithin with a high free fatty acid content (L) in starter and grower–finisher broiler diets, as well as its influence on performance, energy and fatty acid (FA) utilization and the FA profile of the abdominal fat pad (AFP). A basal diet was supplemented with soybean oil (S; Experiment 1) or acid oil (AO; Experiment 2) at 3%, and increasing amounts of L (1%, 2% and 3%) were included in replacement. The inclusion of L did not modify performance parameters (p > 0.05). The S replacement by L reduced energy and total FA utilization (p ≤ 0.05) in starter diets; however, in grower–finisher diets, a replacement up to 2% did not modify energy and FA utilization (p > 0.05). The AO substitution by L produced no modifications on energy and FA utilization (p > 0.05) during the starter phase, while the blend of 1% of AO and 2% of L resulted in the best combination in terms of the FA digestibility. The FA profile of the AFP reflected the FA composition of diets. The addition of L could replace, up to 2% or be blended with AO in broiler grower–finisher diets as an energy source.

scholarly journals Effects of Replacing Yellow Corn with Olive Cake Meal on Growth Performance, Plasma Lipid Profile, and Muscle Fatty Acid Content in Broilers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2240
Author(s):  
Ahmed Saleh ◽  
Mohammed Alzawqari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Lipid Profile ◽  
Olive Cake ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

The current study focused exclusively on evaluating the effects of replacing corn with olive cake meal (OCM) in the diet of broilers on their growth performance, abdominal fat, selected plasma parameters, and muscle fatty acid (FA) content. A total of 480 one-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were divided into four treatment groups with 12 replicates/treatment. The control group was fed the base diet, whereas the second to fourth groups were fed diets of corn with 5%, 10%, and 20% contents of OCM, respectively. Broilers fed with the 5% and 10% OCM diets showed better body weight (p = 0.04) and feed conversion ratio than the 20% OCM group (p < 0.048). Both nitrogen retention and ether extract digestibility were not improved by replaced corn with OCM. Replacing corn with OCM led to a decreased abdominal fat percentage (p = 0.023) compared with the control group. Birds in the OCM groups showed the lowest total cholesterol values (p = 0.038). The breast muscle (musculus pectoralis superficialis) content of oleic and linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids was significantly high in birds fed with OCM diets. However, their palmitic acid level was significantly decreased. Vitamin E was increased by increasing the OCM level. Thus, we concluded that replacing corn with OCM, especially at a 10% level, is more effective than other replacement levels in improving growth performance, plasma lipid profile, and muscle FA content, as well as in causing a reduction in abdominal fat in broilers.

scholarly journals Meat Quality, Fatty Acid Content and NMR Metabolic Profile of Dorper Sheep Supplemented with Bypass Fats

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1133
Author(s):  
Atique Ahmed Behan ◽  
Muhammad Tayyab Akhtar ◽  
Teck Chwen Loh ◽  
Sharida Fakurazi ◽  
Ubedullah Kaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dorper Sheep

The supplementation of rumen bypass fat (RBF) has remained one of the preferred approaches used to decrease undesirable saturated fatty acids (FA) and increase beneficial unsaturated FA in the meat. This study was planned to evaluate the influences of rumen bypass fats on meat quality, fatty acid and metabolic profiles in male Dorper sheep (n = 36) with 24.66 ± 0.76 kg (mean ± standard error) initial body weight. Treatment comprised a basal diet (30:70 rice straw to concentrate) with no added RBF as a control (CON), basal diet with prilled fat (PF), basal diet with prilled fat plus lecithin (PFL) and basal diet with calcium soap of palm fatty acids (CaS). The findings revealed that cooking loss, drip loss and shear force in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were not affected by RBF supplementation, while meat pH was significantly higher in the CaS on aging day 1. However, the diet supplemented with prilled fat and lecithin modified the meat’s fatty acid profile significantly by increasing unsaturated fatty acids and decreasing saturated fats. The relative quantification of the major differentiating metabolites found in LD muscle of sheep showed that total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, choline, glycerophosphocholine and glycerophospholipids were significantly lower in CaS and PFL diets, while glycerol and sphingomyelin were significantly higher in CaS and PFL diets. Most of the metabolites in the liver did not show any significant difference. Based on our results, the supplementation of protected fats did not have a negative influence on meat quality and the meat from Dorper sheep fed prilled fat with lecithin contained more healthy fatty acids compared to other diets.

scholarly journals Hepatic transcriptome analysis reveals altered lipid metabolism and consequent health indices in chicken supplemented with dietary Bifidobacterium bifidum and mannan-oligosaccharides

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kapil Dev ◽  
Jubeda Begum ◽  
Avishek Biswas ◽  
Nasir Akbar Mir ◽  
Jitendra Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Health Indices ◽  
Mannan Oligosaccharides

AbstractThis study investigated the role of dietary prebiotic mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), and probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum (BFD) in lipid metabolism, deposition, and consequent health indices in broiler chicken. The supplementation of 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed resulted in downregulation of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, sterolregulatory element binding protein-1, and apolipoprotein B100; and up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α AMP-activated protein kinase α-1, and stearoyl CoA (∆9) desaturase-1 hepatic expression in broiler chicken. The birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed depicted lower body fat percentage, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and saturated fatty acid contents, whereas, higher palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and MUFA contents were observed. The ∆9-desaturase indices of chicken meat have shown higher values; and elongase index (only thigh) and thioesterase index have shown lower values in birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed. The meat health indices such as Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)/Saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratio, Mono-saturated fatty acids (MUFA)/SFA ratio, unsaturated fatty acids (UFA)/SFA ratio, hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic fatty acid ratio, saturation index, atherogenic index, thrombogenic index, and hypercholesterolemic fatty acid content were positively improved in birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed. Similarly, the birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed have shown lower serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels along with higher high density levels and improved serum health indices cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic coefficient, and, atherogenic index of plasma.

Influence of Dietary Cinnamon Oil Supplementation on Fatty Acid Composition of Liver and Abdominal Fat in Broiler Chicken

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Dalkilic ◽  
M. Ciftci ◽  
T. Guler ◽  
I. H. Cerci ◽  
O. N. Ertas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Cinnamon Oil

Efficacy of biotechnologically derived product in counteracting ill effects of aflatoxins in broiler chicken

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Basavanta Kumar ◽  
B. S.V. Reddy ◽  
R. G. Gloridoss ◽  
T. M. Prabhu ◽  
D. S. Wodeyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Adsorption Study ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Serum Biochemical

A preliminary in-vitro aflatoxin adsorption study was conducted, and it was found that, the degradability of aflatoxin (AF) by the biotechnologically derived product (BTP) was similar to that of hydrated sodium calcium allumino-sillicate (HSCAS) and mannan ologosachharide (MOS). Further, an in-vivo trial was undertaken to assess BTP over HSCAS in broiler chicken fed diet containing aflatoxin (AF) with experimental design: T1-basal diet; T2-250 ppb of AF; T3-AF 250 ppb with HSCAS at 1 kg/ton; T4 and T5-AF 250 ppb with BTP 200 g/ton and 400 g/ton, respectively. During 42 days, trial revealed non-significant differences in performance parameters, dressing percentage, relative organ weights and serum biochemical parameters among treatments. Whereas, serum profile of ALT (P<0.01) and AST (P<0.05) was significantly increased with addition of AF (T2) indicating limitation of toxicity only to cellular level at liver. Addition of BTP was found to normalize the increased ALT and AST levels.

scholarly journals The effect of corn or beet pulp silage supplemented diet on production parameters, oxidative stability of muscles and fatty acid composition of abdominal fat in geese

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Karwowska ◽  
Małgorzata Grabowicz ◽  
Joanna Stadnik ◽  
Piotr Szterk ◽  
Zenon Bernacki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Beet Pulp

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the production parameters of White Koluda® geese fed with a corn or beet pulp silage supplemented diet. The oxidative stability of breast and thigh muscles during frozen storage and the fatty acid composition of abdominal fat were also investigated. Measurements were carried out on a total of 42 geese of the White Koluda® W31 strain that were divided into three experimental groups: group I (control) - basal diet, group II - basal diet with corn silage addition, group III - basal diet with pressed beet pulp silage addition. Diets containing ad libitum maize silage or sugar beet pulp silage supplemented with a limited amount of commercial diets, significantly reduced BW (about 9%) and ADG (about 27%) of birds compared to the control group in the 14th week of rearing. Feeding corn or sugar beet pulp silage to geese did not affect pH values, heme iron content, colour parameters but decreased lipid oxidation values in muscles 3 days after slaughter. The abdominal fat of geese fed with the pressed beet pulp silage supplemented diet was characterized by a significantly higher content of myristic and linoleic acid and a lower content of oleic acid. In conclusion, feeding geese with limited amount of commercial mixtures supplemented with maize or sugar beet pulp silages may be recommended primarily for increasing financial efficiency in White Koluda® geese farms but also for improving the quality of goose carcasses, due to their low fat and high quality of meat.

scholarly journals Degree of Saturation and Free Fatty Acid Content of Fats Determine Dietary Preferences in Laying Hens

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2437
Author(s):  
María Palomar ◽  
María Dolores Soler ◽  
Eugeni Roura ◽  
Roser Sala ◽  
Olga Piquer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Dietary Preferences

Behavioural and genetic evidence shows that the taste system is intimately related to the sensing of nutrients with consequences for poultry nutrition practices. A better understanding of how chickens may sense fat could provide the background for selecting feedstuffs used in poultry feeds. Acid oils have the potential to be economical and sustainable feedstuffs. These fat by-products from the edible oil refining industry possess a similar fatty acid composition to the crude oils but are richer in free fatty acids (FFA). An experiment was conducted to study the effect of FFA content and the unsaturated:saturated ratio (U:S) on dietary preferences in hens. Four fat sources were added to a basal diet at an inclusion rate of 6%, determining the experimental diets: soybean oil (SO; high U:S, 5% FFA); soybean acid oil (SA; high U:S, 50% FFA); palm oil (PO; low U:S, 5% FFA); and palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD; low U:S, 50% FFA). The experimental diets were offered in a series of double-choice tests to forty-eight Lohmann Brown laying hens housed individually in cages. Each hen was offered the ten potential binary combinations of the four diets including each diet compared to itself (referred to as four control double-choices). Feed intake was measured for two hours twice a day after one hour of fasting. Consumption was analysed as a standard preference index (% of test diet intake in comparison with the total intake). Preference values were compared to the random choice value of 50% using the Student’s t-test. None of the four control comparisons differ significantly from 50% (p > 0.05), indicating that the changes in preference values observed in the other binary comparisons were related to the dietary changes associated to fat ingredients. Hens showed a feed preference for palm oil added diets over soybean oil diets (p < 0.05), with PO and PFAD being equally preferred (p < 0.05). However, in this trial the hens demonstrated a preference for SO (low %FFA) when offered in choice with SA (high %FFA) (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the degree of saturation plays an important role in dietary fat preferences: hens prefer predominantly saturated oils even when these are rich in FFA. Furthermore, when presented with a choice between predominantly unsaturated oils, hens prefer feed with a low %FFA. In conclusion, %FFA and the U:S ratio affected feed preferences in hens. The use of oils with greater preference values may give rise to greater feed palatability, enhancing feed intake at critical stages.

scholarly journals Growth, Chemical Composition, Histology and Antioxidant Genes of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Fed Whole or Pre-Processed Nannochloropsis oceanica and Tetraselmis sp.

Fishes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Solveig Lysfjord Sørensen ◽  
Ateshm Ghirmay ◽  
Yangyang Gong ◽  
Dalia Dahle ◽  
Ghana Vasanth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nannochloropsis Oceanica ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Extrusion Processing ◽  
Short Term Study ◽  
Liver Structure

New sustainable feed ingredients are a necessity for the salmon aquaculture industry. In this study, we examined the effect of pre-extrusion processing of two microalgae, Nannochloropsis oceanica and Tetraselmis sp., on the growth, fatty acid content in the flesh and health of Atlantic salmon. The fish were fed one of the following five diets for nine weeks: (1) CO: a fish meal-based control (basal) diet, (2) NU: a Nannochloropsis diet, (3) NE: a pre-extruded Nannochloropsis diet, (4) TU: a Tetraselmis diet, and (5) TE: a pre-extruded Tetraselmis diet. The algae-incorporated diets contained 30% of the respective microalgae. Our results showed that the best growth performance was achieved by the CO diet, followed by the NE diets. Feeding of unprocessed Nannochloropsis and Tetraselmis resulted in a significant reduction in enterocyte vacuolization compared to the CO feeding. A significant effect of processing was noted in the fillet fatty acid content, the intestine and liver structure and the expression of selected genes in the liver. The expression of antioxidant genes in both the liver and intestine, and the accumulation of different fatty acids in the fillet and liver of the extruded algae-fed groups, warrants further investigation. In conclusion, based on the short-term study, 30% inclusion of the microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica and Tetraselmis sp. can be considered in Atlantic salmon feeds.

scholarly journals Flaxseed Oil and Heated Flaxseed Supplements Have Different Effects on Lipid Deposition and Ileal Microbiota in Albas Cashmere Goats

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 790
Author(s):  
Shulin Liu ◽  
Xue Wang ◽  
Yinhao Li ◽  
Binlin Shi ◽  
Xiaoyu Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Opposite Result ◽  
Cashmere Goats

The present study investigated the effect of flaxseed grain or flaxseed oil on ileal microbiota and lipid deposition of cashmere goats. Sixty kid goats (average body weight 18.6 ± 0.1 kg) were allocated to three treatments, fed for 90 days, with control treatment: basal diet (CON, total-mixed ration), experimental treatment: basal diet with added flaxseed oil (LNO), experimental treatment: basal diet with added heated flaxseed grain (HLS). The final body weight, body weight gain, the weight of kidney fat, omental fat, tail fat, and fat tissue, the activity of fatty acid synthetase, acetyl-coa carboxylase, and malic dehydrogenase, and the relative abundance (RA) of unclassified_f_Peptostreptococcaceae and Intestinibacter were remarkably higher in the LNO treatment than in the HLS treatment, but the [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group RA showed the opposite result. The content of triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher in the CON and LNO treatments than in the HLS treatment, while the hormone-sensitive lipase activity and the non-esterified fatty acid content showed the opposite result. In conclusion, the flaxseed grain is more efficient than flaxseed oil in ameliorating the blood lipid profiles and it is a potential product for decreasing the lipid deposition of cashmere goats.

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