scholarly journals Two Distinct Genotypes of KPC-2-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from South Korea

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 911
Author(s):  
Jee Hong Kim ◽  
Yun Young Cho ◽  
Ji Young Choi ◽  
Yu Mi Wi ◽  
Kwan Soo Ko
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Serum Resistance ◽  
Macrophage Infection ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Over Time

In this study, we investigated the characteristics of KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP-Kp) isolates from a hospital in South Korea. Among the 37 KP-Kp isolates, two main clones were identified—ST11 and ST307. ST11 isolates showed higher minimum inhibitory concentrations for carbapenems than ST307 isolates. All ST307 isolates were resistant to gentamicin and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, but ST11 isolates were not. However, most tigecycline-resistant or colistin-resistant isolates belonged to ST11. The two KP-Kp clones showed different combinations of wzi and K serotypes. Plasmids from ST11 KP-Kp isolates exhibited diverse incompatibility types. Serum resistance and macrophage infection assays indicated that ST11 may be more virulent than ST307. The changes in the main clones of KP-Kp isolates over time as well as the different characteristics of these clones, including virulence, suggest the need for their continuous monitoring.

scholarly journals Toward an Anthropology of Landmines: Rogue Infrastructure and Military Waste in the Korean DMZ

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleana J. Kim
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Unexploded Ordnance ◽  
Demilitarized Zone ◽  
Imperial Power ◽  
Over Time

Drawing on research in the borderlands of South Korea near the Korean Demilitarized Zone, this essay analyzes the heterogeneous life of landmines in postconflict militarized ecologies. Humanitarian narratives typically frame mines as deadly remnants of war, which aligns with postcolonial critiques viewing them as traces of imperial power and ongoing violence. Given that landmines and other unexploded ordnance can remain live for up to a hundred years, I suggest that mines and minefields become infrastructural when their distributed agency is redistributed over time, bringing into view nonhuman agencies and affordances that might otherwise go undetected in humanitarian or postcolonial critiques. I offer the framework of rogue infrastructure to capture the volatile materiality of mines and their multiple natural, cultural, technical, and political entanglements with the humans who exist alongside them.

scholarly journals Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Recovered from Healthcare- and Community-Associated Infections in Egypt

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdel-Maksoud ◽  
Mona El-Shokry ◽  
Ghada Ismail ◽  
Soad Hafez ◽  
Amani El-Kholy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Over Time

Background. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has created significant epidemiological, infection-control, and therapeutic management challenges during the past three decades. Aim. To analyze the pattern of resistance of healthcare- and community-associated MRSA in Egypt and the trend of resistance of HA-MRSA over time (2005–2013). Methods. MRSA isolates were recovered from healthcare-associated (HA) and community-associated (CA) Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections. They were tested against 11 antimicrobial discs and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin was determined. Inducible clindamycin resistance (iMLSB) was also screened using D-test. Findings. Of 631 S. aureus, MRSA was identified in 343 (76.6%) and 21 (11.5%) of HA and CA S. aureus isolates, respectively. The proportion of HA-MRSA increased significantly from 48.6% in 2005 to 86.8% in 2013 (p value < 0.001). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 85.8% of HA-MRSA and 48.6% of CA-MRSA. Vancomycin intermediate resistant S. aureus (VISA) was detected in 1.2% of HA-MRSA and none was detected in CA-MRSA. Among HA-MRSA strains, 5.3% showed iMLSB compared to 9.5% among CA-MRSA. Conclusion. The upsurge of the prevalence rates of HA-MRSA over time is alarming and urges for an effective infection control strategy and continuous monitoring of antimicrobial use.

Negotiating Masculinity across Borders

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Cho Suh
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Return Migration ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Korean American ◽  
Return Migrants ◽  
A Site ◽  
Ethnic Return Migration ◽  
Over Time

Recent studies of ethnic return migration have explained why (economic, political, and affective) and where (Asia and Europe) this phenomenon has primarily occurred. Of the research available, however, few have examined the manner in which framings and practices of gender impact the experiences of those who participate in these transnational sojourns. This study fills this void by examining how Korean American male ethnic return migrants understand and negotiate their masculine identities, as they “return” to their ancestral homeland of South Korea. Utilizing data from in-depth qualitative interviews, this study finds that respondents initially configure South Korea as a site where they may redeem their marginalized masculine identities by taking advantage of the surplus human capital afforded to them by their American status. Over time, however, “returnees” come to realize the fluidity of masculinity and its ideals, exposing the tenuousness of their claims to hegemonic masculinity even in South Korea.

Corruption control and prevention in the Korean government

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Wook Choi
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Korean Government ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
High Level ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how corruption has changed over time in South Korea and to explore how the corruption control and prevention efforts of the Korean government have been successful and failed. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws on institutional theory to formulate a qualitative analysis to assess the effectiveness of anti-corruption policies and measures, and to identify the strengths and weaknesses of anti-corruption reform efforts in South Korea. Findings This paper argues that while the Korean government has been quite successful in building anti-corruption institutions to control low-level petty corruption, it has failed to institutionalize anti-corruption institutions to curb high-level grand corruption. Originality/value While many studies have attempted to identify the successful factors of fighting corruption, this paper draws a theoretical distinction between institution-building vs institutionalization to examine the success and failure of corruption control and prevention efforts in South Korea.

The Clash of Security and Sovereignty in Quasi-Alliance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Kil Joo Ban
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Korean War ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Power Growth ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Which is needed more: sovereignty or security? The autonomy–security trade-off model sees this as a trade-off between a client and a patron. A client surrenders some measure of autonomy to a patron and, in turn, receives security. This paper explores whether the underlying logic is applicable to quasi-alliances between a state and a multinational regime, such as the United Nations Command (UNC). South Korea has maintained a quasi-alliance with the UNC since the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950. The level of trade-off between South Korea and the UNC, however, has been changing over time, particularly while being affected by the power growth of South Korea, a client, and the preference changes of the US, the most important actor of the UNC, a patron. This paper attempts to explain why South Korea is much more enthusiastic in seeking full sovereignty and more autonomy in the 2018–2019 détente era.

Electronic Medication Management Systems: Analysis of Enhancements to Reduce Errors and Improve Workflow

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (05) ◽  
pp. 1049-1060
Author(s):  
Madaline Kinlay ◽  
Lai Mun Rebecca Ho ◽  
Wu Yi Zheng ◽  
Rosemary Burke ◽  
Ilona Juraskova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medication Errors ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Medication Management ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
System Use ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Electronic medication management (eMM) has been shown to reduce medication errors; however, new safety risks have also been introduced that are associated with system use. No research has specifically examined the changes made to eMM systems to mitigate these risks. Objectives To (1) identify system-related medication errors or workflow blocks that were the target of eMM system updates, including the types of medications involved, and (2) describe and classify the system enhancements made to target these risks. Methods In this retrospective qualitative study, documents detailing updates made from November 2014 to December 2019 to an eMM system were reviewed. Medication-related updates were classified according to “rationale for changes” and “changes made to the system.” Results One hundred and seventeen updates, totaling 147 individual changes, were made to the eMM system over the 4-year period. The most frequent reasons for changes being made to the eMM were to prevent medication errors (24% of reasons), optimize workflow (22%), and support “work as done” on paper (16%). The most frequent changes made to the eMM were options added to lists (14% of all changes), extra information made available on the screen (8%), and the wording or phrasing of text modified (8%). Approximately a third of the updates (37%) related to high-risk medications. The reasons for system changes appeared to vary over time, as eMM functionality and use expanded. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically review and categorize system updates made to overcome new safety risks associated with eMM use. Optimization of eMM is an ongoing process, which changes over time as users become more familiar with the system and use is expanded to more sites. Continuous monitoring of the system is necessary to detect areas for improvement and capitalize on the benefits an electronic system can provide.

Seroepidemiology, Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Virulence Characteristics of Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in Mansoura University Hospitals

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Aya H. Elasmer ◽  
Mohammed Y. Ibrahim ◽  
Dina E. Rizk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Serum Resistance ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Pathogenic Potential

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the crucial causes of nosocomial and community-acquired infections that can result in various infections in human. Objectives: The present study aim to investigate the prevalence of capsular serotypes, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence characteristics of K. pneumoniae isolated from different Mansoura University Hospitals. Methodology: K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from different clinical sources at Mansoura University Hospitals. The antimicrobial susceptibility to 14 different antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion method. The capsular serotypes were assessed by quelling test. Serum resistance, haemagglutination, biofilm, lipase, protease and lecithinase enzymes production were assessed phenotypically. Moreover, four virulence genes (rmpA, fimH, kfuBC and wabG) were detected by PCR. The genetic relatedness among isolates was investigated using ERIC-PCR molecular typing. Results: Seventy-three isolates were confirmed as K. pneumoniae. The vast majority of isolates demonstrated MDR patterns (72.6%) including a high resistance rate to the beta-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin: 98.6%, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid: 97.26 %, piperacillin: 97.26 %, amoxicillin: 93.15% and cefotaxime: 94.52%). K1 and K2 were the main serotypes found among the isolates, K1 serotype was the predominant (79.45%). It was found that serum resistance was the highest detected virulence factor among isolates (95.9%) and lipase was the lowest detected factor (19.2%). Haemagglutination was detected in 63% of the isolates especially from rectal swab (83.3%) and sputum (72.7%). The biofilm formation was detected mainly among urine and blood isolates. rmpA, fimH, kfuBC and wabG genes were harbored by 20.5%, 92%, 66% and 94.5% of isolates, respectively. ERIC- PCR showed high genetic diversity (100%, typability, Simpson’s index of diversity= 1). Conclusion: The current study revealed the high antibiotic resistance levels, pathogenic potential, and genetic diversity among K. pneumoniae isolated from different clinical sources which is considered a serious health problem that necessitates interventions to control its spread.

scholarly journals Virulence determinant and extended spectrum beta-lactamase production in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from a tertiary care hospital, South India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
Lathamani Kotekani ◽  
Subbannayya Kotigadde
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
South India ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Serum Resistance ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Virulence Determinant

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Klebsiella pneumoniae on these days show greater resistance towards newer generation cephalosporin. The present study made an effort to show the relevance between ESBL producing K. pneumoniae and virulence determinant in respect to serum resistance and K1, K2 antigens at a tertiary care hospital in South India. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 520 consecutive, non-duplicate isolates of K. pneumoniae were recovered from various clinical specimens such as Urine (n = 360), sputum (n = 107), pus (n = 25), blood (n = 6) and other miscellaneous specimens (n=22) obtained from both out patients and in patients between June 2012 to July 2016 were included in the study. RESULTS: Polymerase Chain Reaction to detect bla genes in 62 isolates phenotypically identified as ESBL producers were successful in 58 (93.54%) isolates. Of the 13 ESBL producing hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) strains, 6 of them were showing the amplicons for gene's coding for K1 antigens. CONCLUSION: The study provides further authentication of the global sporadic of bla CTX-M and the relevance between K antigens and serum resistance with ESBL production in our place. As there is no much study available, it also highlights the need for further study of their epidemiological surveillance.

scholarly journals CONDA-PM—A Systematic Review and Framework for Concept Drift Analysis in Process Mining

Algorithms ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Ghada Elkhawaga ◽  
Mervat Abuelkheir ◽  
Sherif I. Barakat ◽  
Alaa M. Riad ◽  
Manfred Reichert
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Process Mining ◽  
Concept Drift ◽  
Business Environments ◽  
Drift Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
Over Time

Business processes evolve over time to adapt to changing business environments. This requires continuous monitoring of business processes to gain insights into whether they conform to the intended design or deviate from it. The situation when a business process changes while being analysed is denoted as Concept Drift. Its analysis is concerned with studying how a business process changes, in terms of detecting and localising changes and studying the effects of the latter. Concept drift analysis is crucial to enable early detection and management of changes, that is, whether to promote a change to become part of an improved process, or to reject the change and make decisions to mitigate its effects. Despite its importance, there exists no comprehensive framework for analysing concept drift types, affected process perspectives, and granularity levels of a business process. This article proposes the CONcept Drift Analysis in Process Mining (CONDA-PM) framework describing phases and requirements of a concept drift analysis approach. CONDA-PM was derived from a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of current approaches analysing concept drift. We apply the CONDA-PM framework on current approaches to concept drift analysis and evaluate their maturity. Applying CONDA-PM framework highlights areas where research is needed to complement existing efforts.

Consistency of organoleptic and yield related traits of strawberry cultivars over time

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-636
Author(s):  
M.T. Ariza ◽  
L. Miranda ◽  
E. Martínez-Ferri ◽  
J.J. Medina ◽  
J.A. Gómez-Mora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fragaria X Ananassa ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Organoleptic Parameters ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

BACKGROUND: Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) is among the most widely consumed fruits in the world and its cultivation is increasing worldwide. This continuous increase in its cultivation acreage is concomitant with the development of new varieties by numerous breeding programs. Due to strawberry is a microclimatic crop, the behaviour of the cultivars could vary depending on many agronomical and environmental factors such as temperature or humidity. Thus, for some traits, data from a single crop season may not be enough to suspect the behaviour of a specific variety. OBJECTIVE: Generate information that allows knowing the consistency of different characteristics over time. METHODS: For four consecutive years, organoleptic and yield related traits were analysed in five strawberry cultivars. RESULTS: The overall result is a significant effect of genotype on all yield relates and organoleptic parameters studied. Our study also inferred an effect of environment, temperature and relative humidity, mainly on yield parameters. However, not all cultivars were similarly affected. CONCLUSIONS: With the information generated from this work, it will be possible to establish, based on the consistency of the cultivar trials over time, the suitability of using the results of a single season to predict the behaviour of a particular cultivar.

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