scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Genetic Typing of Salmonella Serovars from Chicken Embryos in China

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1156
Author(s):  
Yaohui Xu ◽  
Xiao Zhou ◽  
Zenghai Jiang ◽  
Yaru Qi ◽  
Abdelaziz Ed-Dra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Salmonella Serovars ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Salmonella continues to be a major food and public health burden worldwide that can threaten human health via eating contaminated meats, particularly those originating from chicken. In this study, the antimicrobial resistance profiles, epidemiological characteristics of resistance genes, and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE-XbaI) typing of 120 non-Pullorum/Gallinarum Salmonella isolates recovered from chicken embryos in Henan province were determined. The antimicrobial resistant phenotypes and evaluation of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing strains of Salmonella were investigated by the Kirby–Bauer test and the double-disk synergy test. Additionally, 37 antimicrobial resistance genes encoding resistance to five different categories, including aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, sulphonamides, tetracyclines, and β-lactams, were examined by conventional PCR. However, genotyping analysis was conducted by macro-restriction using enzyme XbaI followed by the separation of the restricted DNA fragments by PFGE. The results of this study showed that the studied Salmonella strains were highly resistant to ampicillin (66.67%) and sulfisoxazole (66.67%), while they were all susceptible to meropenem, imipenem, colistin, and chloramphenicol. Additionally, 67.5% (81/120) of the studied strains were multidrug resistant, and 21.67% (26/120) were phenotypically confirmed as ESBLs positive. The statistical analysis showed that resistance depends on the serovars, and ESBLs positive strains showed more multi-resistance than ESBLs negative strains (p < 0.05). The genotypic antimicrobial resistance showed the detection of 14 among the 37 tested genes, and the concordance between genotypic and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance ranged from 0% to 100% depending on the serovars. However, the PFGE-XbaI typing results showed that the examined Salmonella strains were divided into 22 individual subtypes and were grouped in nine clusters, with similarity values ranging from 64.7% to 100%. From this study, we can conclude that the antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serovars isolated from chicken embryos in Henan province was alarming, with rigorous multidrug resistance, which requires the urgent mitigation of the use of antimicrobial drugs in chicken hatcheries. Additionally, our results showed evidence of the presence of different PFGE patterns among the studied Salmonella serovars, suggesting the presence of different sources of contamination.

scholarly journals Genomic Investigation of Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolates From Dead Chick Embryos in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Elbediwi ◽  
Yanting Tang ◽  
Dawei Shi ◽  
Hazem Ramadan ◽  
Yaohui Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Genomic Characterization

Salmonella spp. is recognized as an important zoonotic pathogen. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica poses a great public health concern worldwide. While the knowledge on the incidence and the characterization of different S. enterica serovars causing chick embryo death remains obscure in China. In this study, we obtained 45 S. enterica isolates from 2,139 dead chick embryo samples collected from 28 breeding chicken hatcheries in Henan province. The antimicrobial susceptibility assay was performed by the broth microdilution method and the results showed that 31/45 (68.8%) isolates were multidrug-resistant (≥3 antimicrobial classes). Besides the highest resistance rate was observed in the aminoglycoside class, all the isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, azithromycin, and imipenem. Furthermore, genomic characterization revealed that S. Enteritidis (33.33%; 15/45) was a frequent serovar that harbored a higher number of virulence factors compared to other serovars. Importantly, genes encoding β-lactamases were identified in three serovars (Thompson, Enteritidis, and Kottbus), whereas plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (qnrB4) were detected in certain isolates of S. Thompson and the two S. Kottbus isolates. All the examined isolates harbored the typical virulence factors from Salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (SPI-1 and SPI-2). Additionally, a correlation analysis between the antimicrobial resistance genes, phenotype, and plasmids was conducted among Salmonella isolates. It showed strong positive correlations (r &lt; 0.6) between the different antimicrobial-resistant genes belonging to certain antimicrobial classes. Besides, IncF plasmid showed a strong negative correlation (r &gt; −0.6) with IncHI2 and IncHI2A plasmids. Together, our study demonstrated antimicrobial-resistant S. enterica circulating in breeding chicken hatcheries in Henan province, highlighting the advanced approach, by using genomic characterization and statistical analysis, in conducting the routine monitoring of the emerging antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Our findings also proposed that the day-old breeder chicks trading could be one of the potential pathways for the dissemination of multidrug-resistant S. enterica serovars.

scholarly journals Serotype distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genes of Salmonella isolated from a pig slaughterhouse in Yangzhou, China

AMB Express ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Li ◽  
Jian Yin ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Zewei Li ◽  
Yuanzhao Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

AbstractSalmonella is an important food-borne pathogen associated with public health and high economic losses. To investigate the prevalence and the characteristics of Salmonella in a pig slaughterhouse in Yangzhou, a total of 80 Salmonella isolates were isolated from 459 (17.43%) samples in 2016–2017. S. Derby (35/80, 43.75%) was the most prevalent, followed by S. Rissen (16/80, 20.00%) and S. Newlands (11/80, 13.75%). The highest rates of susceptibility were observed to cefoxitin (80/80, 100.0%) and amikacin (80/80, 100.0%), followed by aztreonam (79/80, 98.75%) and nitrofurantoin (79/80, 98.75%). The highest resistance rate was detected for tetracycline (65/80, 81.25%), followed by ampicillin (60/80, 75.00%), bactrim (55/80, 68.75%), and sulfisoxazole (54/80, 67.50%). Overall, 91.25% (73/80) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, while 71.25% (57/80) of the isolate strains were multidrug resistant in the antimicrobial susceptibility tested. In addition, 86.36% (19/22) of the 22 antimicrobial resistance genes in the isolates were identified. Our data indicated that the resistance to certain antimicrobials was significantly associated, in part, with antimicrobial resistance genes. Furthermore, 81.25% (65/80) isolates harbored the virulence gene of mogA, of which 2 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates carried the mogA, spvB and spvC virulence genes at the same time. The results showed that swine products in the slaughterhouse were contaminated with multidrug resistant Salmonella commonly, especially some isolates carry the spv virulence genes. The virulence genes might facilitate the dissemination of the resistance genes to consumers along the production chain, suggesting the importance of controlling Salmonella during slaughter for public health.

scholarly journals Multidrug-Resistant Streptococcus agalactiae Strains Found in Human and Fish with High Penicillin and Cefotaxime Non-Susceptibilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1055
Author(s):  
Carmen Li ◽  
Dulmini Nanayakkara Sapugahawatte ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Kam Tak Wong ◽  
Norman Wai Sing Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Surveillance Studies ◽  
Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Penicillin non-susceptible Streptococcus agalactiae (PEN-NS GBS) has been increasingly reported, with multidrug-resistant (MDR) GBS documented in Japan. Here we identified two PEN-NS GBS strains during our surveillance studies: one from a patient’s wound and the other from a tilapia. The patient’s GBS (H21) and fish GBS (F49) were serotyped and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Whole-genome sequencing was performed to find the sequence type, antimicrobial resistance genes, and mutations in penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance genes. H21 and F49 belonged to ST651, serotype Ib, and ST7, serotype Ia, respectively. H21 showed PEN and cefotaxime minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 2.0 mg/L. F49 showed PEN MIC 0.5 mg/L. H21 was MDR with ermB, lnuB, tetS, ant6-Ia, sat4a, and aph3-III antimicrobial resistance genes observed. Alignment of PBPs showed the combination of PBP1B (A95D) and 2B mutations (V80A, S147A, S160A) in H21 and a novel mutation in F49 at N192S in PBP2B. Alignment of FQ-resistant determinants revealed mutation sites on gyrA, gyrB, and parC and E in H21. To our knowledge, this is the first report of GBS isolates with such high penicillin and cefotaxime MICs. This raises the concern of emergence of MDR and PEN-NS GBS in and beyond healthcare facilities.

Multiple-Antibiotic Resistance of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from Cecal Contents in Broiler Chicken and Turkey Flocks Slaughtered in Canada and Plasmid Colocalization of tetO and ermB Genes

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 1639-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
CINDY-LOVE TREMBLAY ◽  
ANN LETELLIER ◽  
SYLVAIN QUESSY ◽  
MARTINE BOULIANNE ◽  
DANIELLE DAIGNAULT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

This study was conducted to characterize the antimicrobial resistance determinants and investigate plasmid colocalization of tetracycline and macrolide genes in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from broiler chicken and turkey flocks in Canada. A total of 387 E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates were recovered from poultry cecal contents from five processing plants. The percentages of resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates, respectively, were 88.1 and 94% to bacitracin, 0 and 0.9% to chloramphenicol, 0.7 and 14.5% to ciprofloxacin, 72.6 and 80.3% to erythromycin, 3.7 and 41% to flavomycin, 9.6 and 4.3% (high-level resistance) to gentamicin, 25.2 and 17.1% (high-level resistance) to kanamycin, 100 and 94% to lincomycin, 0 and 0% to linezolid, 2.6 and 20.5% to nitrofurantoin, 3 and 27.4% to penicillin, 98.5 and 89.7% to quinupristin-dalfopristin, 7 and 12.8% to salinomycin, 46.7 and 38.5% (high-level resistance) to streptomycin, 95.6 and 89.7% to tetracycline, 73 and 75.2% to tylosin, and 0 and 0% to vancomycin. One predominant multidrug-resistant phenotypic pattern was identified in both E. faecalis and E. faecium (bacitracin, erythromycin, lincomycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, tetracycline, and tylosin). These isolates were further examined by PCR and sequencing for the genes encoding their antimicrobial resistance. Various combinations of vatD, vatE, bcrR, bcrA, bcrB, bcrD, ermB, msrC, linB, tetM, and tetO genes were detected, and ermB, tetM, and bcrB were the most common antimicrobial resistance genes identified. For the first time, plasmid extraction and hybridization revealed colocalization of tetO and ermB genes on a ca. 11-kb plasmid in E. faecalis isolates, and filter mating experiments demonstrated its transferability. Results indicate that the intestinal enterococci of healthy poultry, which can contaminate poultry meat at slaughter, could be a reservoir for quinupristin-dalfopristin, bacitracin, tetracycline, and macrolide resistance genes.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance gene prevalence in a population of patients with advanced dementia is related to specific pathobionts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aislinn D. Rowan-Nash ◽  
Rafael Araos ◽  
Erika M.C. D’Agata ◽  
Peter Belenky
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Advanced Dementia ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Gene ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Organisms

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe issue of antimicrobial resistance continues to grow worldwide, and long-term care facilities are significant reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant organisms, in part due to high frequency of antimicrobial use. Patients with advanced dementia are particularly vulnerable to multidrug-resistant organism acquisition and antimicrobial overuse, which has negative consequences for the gut microbiome and can contribute to the selection and propagation of antimicrobial resistance genes. In this study, we longitudinally examined a group of advanced dementia patients treated with the fluoroquinolone antimicrobial levofloxacin, finding a correlation between abundance of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes, which we confirmed in a larger cohort of subjects with advanced dementia.ResultsWe observed significant inter- and intra-subject heterogeneity in the composition of the microbiota of the longitudinal levofloxacin cohort, suggesting temporal instability. Within this dataset, we did not find significant impacts of levofloxacin on the diversity, composition, function, or resistome of the gut microbiota of this population. However, we were able to link the antimicrobial resistance gene burden in a sample with the relative abundance of several pathobionts – particularly Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Enterococcus faecalis, as well as less-prevalent species including Providencia stuartii and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Furthermore, we used metagenomic assembly and binning to demonstrate that these species had higher genomic resistance gene levels than common gut commensals, and we were able to predict antimicrobial resistance gene burden from the relative abundances of these species in a separate, larger cohort from the same population.ConclusionsWe found that the relative abundances of several pathobionts were correlated with and were even predictive of the level of antimicrobial resistance genes in corresponding samples, and that these species carried high levels of resistances genes in their assembled genomes. In order to test this observation, we utilized a larger metagenomics dataset from a similar population and confirmed the association between pathobiont abundance and antimicrobial resistance genes. Given the high frequency with which these species were found at high levels in this population and the underlying vulnerability to infection with multidrug resistant organisms of advanced dementia patients, attention to microbial blooms of these species may be warranted. Additionally, in this study, we were able to utilize genomic assembly from metagenomic data to more definitively associate antimicrobial resistance gene levels with specific assembled species; as this technology continues to develop, assembly could prove to be a valuable method to monitor both specific resistance genes and blooms of multidrug-resistant organisms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document