scholarly journals Effects of Partial Organic Substitution for Chemical Fertilizer on Antibiotic Residues in Peri-Urban Agricultural Soil in China

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1173
Author(s):  
Baocheng Dong ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Wenyong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Antibiotic Residues

Recycling of organic wastes in agricultural ecosystems to partially substitute chemical fertilizer is recommended to improve soil productivity and alleviate environmental degradation. However, livestock manure- and sewage sludge-derived amendments are widely known to potentially carry antibiotic residues. The aim of this study is to investigate how substituting organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer affects soil quality and antibiotic residues in agricultural soil, as well as their tradeoffs. A field experiment was conducted with the different treatments of pig manure and sewage sludge as typical organic fertilizers at equal total nitrogen application rates. The analysis of variance showed that the increments on the levels of residual antibiotics in the agricultural soils due to organic substitution for chemical fertilizer by pig manure and sewage sludge were observed. The antibiotic residues ranged from 13.73 to 76.83 ng/g for all treatments. Partial organic substitution significantly increased the sequestration of antibiotics in agricultural soil by 138.1~332.5%. Organic substitution will also significantly improve soil quality, especially for nutrient availability. Based on principal component analysis, organic substitution will strongly affected soil quality and antibiotic contamination. Pearson’s correlation showed that soil physicochemical properties had significant correlations with concentrations of antibiotics in soil, indicating organic fertilizers can promote the persistence of antibiotics in soil by modifying soil quality. To balance the benefits and risks, appropriate management practices of organic fertilizers should be adopted.

scholarly journals Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilizer Application on Apple Nutrient Content and Orchard Soil Condition

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Takamitsu Kai ◽  
Dinesh Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Orchard Soil

Apple cultivation in Japan typically involves the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides which can damage the environment. Therefore, in this study we investigated the orchard soil biochemical characteristics as well as the fruit nutrient contents, and pesticide residues of apples grown either organically (organic fertilizers + reduced pesticides) or with conventional chemical fertilizers and pesticide rates. Compared with conventional chemical fertilizer treatment, the organic fertilizer treatment produced fruit with significantly higher contents of sugar, as well as soil with higher total carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. There were also significantly greater soil bacterial biomass and N circulation in the organically fertilized treatments. Minimal pesticide residues were detected in the organically fertilized fruits, but in the apples cultivated with conventional rates of fertilizers and pesticides there were significantly higher levels of propargite that was used to control spider mites. These residue levels from the conventionally fertilized orchards exceeded European and Codex residue standards. These results indicate that environmentally friendly arboricultural soil management practices, such as organic fertilizer and reduced pesticide cultivation can enhance nutrient cycling in soil, reduce the burden on the environment, and promote food safety and security.

The Initial Study on the Application of Sewage Sludge for Agriculture on the Laboratory Scale

2022 ◽  
Vol 1048 ◽  
pp. 524-530
Author(s):  
Thanh Tran ◽  
Lam Van Giang ◽  
Ho Huu Loc ◽  
Le Thi Anh Hong ◽  
Van Doan Thi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers

Chemical fertilizers currently poison arable agriculture, so organic fertilizers are now a new trend for soil improvement. This study investigates the appropriate ratio of fertilizer use and materials mixed with sewage sludge in the anaerobic co-digestion treatment method, which will best support agriculture. In the study, bio-organic fertilizer was composted of the co-digestion anaerobic with sewage sludge and agricultural wastes such as rice husk, rice husk charcoal, water hyacinth, cassava peel, and then tested on rice. The specific criteria of fertilizers such as total organic (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and effective phosphorus (P2O5) and plant growth parameters such as germination rate (%), tillering rate, total weight (g) were evaluated. Initial results show the untreated sludge can be impacted negatively on plant development. The concentration of nutrients in the co-digestion composts was meet the requirements of the Ministry of Agriculture’s standards of organic fertilizer. These bio-fertilizers will play an important role in soil productivity and sustainability. Hence, the widespread use of organic fertilizers from waste to partially replace chemical fertilizers will open up opportunities to reduce farming costs for farmers and develop agriculture sustainably.

scholarly journals Yield and Oil Content of Mint under Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Treatments

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Hamed KESHAVARZ ◽  
Seyed Ali Mohammad MODARRES SANAVY
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Japanese Mint ◽  
Oil Percentage ◽  
Fertilizer Combination ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

Two species of mint Mentha piperitha (peppermint) and M. arvensis (Japanese mint) are widely cultivated in Iran, but their response to fertilizer regime has not been evaluated so far. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different organic and chemical fertilizer treatments [Control, 100% urea (95 kg N ha−1), 75% urea (71.25 kg N ha-1) + 25% vermicompost (3.3 t ha-1), 50% urea (47.5 kg N ha-1) + 50% vermicompost (6.75 t ha-1), 25% urea (23.75 kg N ha-1) + 75% vermicompost (10.1 t ha-1) and 100% vermicompost (13.5 ton ha-1)] on essential oil contents, yield and yield components of the two species of mint. Peppermint provided grater plant height, number of internodes, number of leaf and oil percentage compared with the Japanese mint under study. The results indicated that, irrespective of the mint species, plants treated with combined chemical and organic fertilizer presented taller plants, higher oil contents and oil yield compared with solo chemical or organic fertilizers. Oil percentage and essential oil yield of mint increased significantly under the treatment with 25% urea (23.75 kg N ha−1) + 75% vermicompost (10.1 t ha-1). Plant height and number of leaf increased along the replacement of organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizers. The results showed that there was a positive and significant correlation with leaf number and essential oil yield. Application of vermicompost in combination with chemical fertilizer increased plant height, oil percentage and essential oil in both species, suggesting that organic and chemical fertilizer combination improves performance and environmental sustainability.

scholarly journals Effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on the growth and production of soybean (Glycine max) in dry land

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 9643-9653
Author(s):  
Ratih Sandrakirana ◽  
Zainal Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Randomized Design

Soybean is known for its high protein content, which is the reason why it is widely used as one of the main food sources for humans and animals. In order to optimize soybean growth, farmers tend to add excessive dosage of chemical fertilizer to this crop. Furthermore, a continuous chemical fertilizer application without organic fertilizer addition may cause a rapid depletion of nutrients in the soil. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of organic fertilizer treatment to reduce the amount of urea as chemical fertilizer needed in soybean cultivation. A complete randomized design was conducted using 21 treatments of organic and chemical fertilizer in triplicate with a 4x3 m plot size. Analysis of variance was carried out to compare the means of measurement data and Duncan multiple range test (DMRT 5%) was applied. The treatment 2,000 kg ha-1 compost + 50 kg ha-1 urea (O2K2A1) resulted the highest dry yield in soybean and had significant differences with urea-only treatment. A mixture of chemical and organic fertilizers had no significant result over the yield compared to the use of chemical fertilizer only. Compost application of 1,000-2,000 kg ha-1 with urea 50-100 kg ha-1 (O2K2A1 and O 2K1A2) showed an increase in seed yield of 35-38 % with a profit reaching 333-340 USD ha-1 compared to standard treatment using urea 50 kg ha -1 + SP-36 50 kg ha-1 + 50 KCl kg ha-1 (O0K0A1).

scholarly journals Perceptions, Risk Attitude and Organic Fertilizer Investment: Evidence from Rice and Banana Farmers in Guangxi, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinjian Chen ◽  
Di Zeng ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
Xiaojun Fan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Hurdle Models

Overuse of chemical fertilizer has led to severe land degradation and environmental pollution in China. Switching to organic fertilizer may improve soil quality and reduce pollution, which is meaningful to the sustainable development of Chinese agriculture. This study examines how farmers’ perceptions and risk preference affect their organic fertilizer investment using a representative rural household survey from Guangxi, a major agricultural region in China. Tobit and double-hurdle models are used to empirically test their impacts on organic fertilizer adoption and investment. An ordinary least squares model is used to regress chemical fertilizer use on the same set of explanatory variables to compare and contrast farmers’ different fertilizer investment behaviors. It is found that both organic fertilizer perceptions and risk attitude significantly affect organic fertilizer investment. Perceived yield-increasing and quality-improving effects encourage organic fertilizer investment, while perceived cost increases discourage it. Moreover, risk-averse farmers are more likely to invest in organic fertilizers. Most of the perceptions affecting organic fertilizer investment have an opposite impact on chemical fertilizer investment, which suggests substitutability between organic and chemical fertilizer. Interventions that aim to improve farmers’ perceptions of organic fertilizer and illustrate its risk-reduction effect could be effective in promoting organic fertilizer use, which can help achieve China’s sustainable development of agriculture.

Hygienic substantiation for the possibility to use of sewage sludge as an organic fertilizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
А.К. K. Маненко ◽  
Галина Михайловна Ткаченко ◽  
О.П. P. Касиян ◽  
С.Т. T. Юрченко
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect

Introduction. Nowadays, in front of large cities, there is an acute problem for finding ways of environmentally safely dispose of accumulated sewage sludge and the possibility of its use. The most profitable way to utilize sewage sludge is to use them as organic fertilizers in agricultural production due to the high content of biogenic elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and organic substances in their composition. However, the presence of heavy metals, pathogens, and other toxicants necessitates the study at the regional level the possibility of using these sediments as fertilizers. In each specific case, it is necessary to apply a scientific approach to the use of sewage sludge, since their composition is characterized by a qualitative and quantitative variation of chemical compounds. The purpose of the study was a hygienic justification for the possibility of using sludge for wastewater treatment from the municipal facilities in agricultural production as an organic fertilizer. Material and methods. The object of the study was sludge after treatment with flocculants and centrifugation and sludge stored on the sites of Lviv municipal facilities for 1, 6 and 18 months. In the experiment, the distribution of sludge components in the “plant-soil” dynamic system, as well as the degree of their accumulation in test plants, was determined. Quantitative determination of the of chemical elements content in samples of sludge and phytomass was carried out by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results. The effectiveness of the use of sludge from the municipal facilities for wastewater treatment in agricultural production as an organic fertilizer has been studied. It was found that the sludge dose of 50 tons/ha, using immediately after centrifuge, can not be used in the fields as a fertilizer. This dose caused a high phytotoxic effect on plants. The dose of used sludge (30 tons/ha after 1.5 years of maturing on silty areas) had a less pronounced phytotoxic effect, but the fact of fluorine, lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and manganese translocation from soil into the plants in high quantities was observed. This dose also cannot be used in the fields as a fertilizer. The use of a smaller dose should be justified by additional experiments.

scholarly journals Soil Chemical Properties and Yield Response of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus L) to Different Organic Fertilizer Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Benedict. O. Unagwu ◽  
Roseline. U. Ayogu ◽  
Vivian.O. Osadebe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Animal Manures

The study investigated the effects of animal manures (cow manure, CoM; chicken droppings, CkD; and pig manure, PiM) applied at 15 t ha-1 equivalent rate on the soil and growth performance of okra grown in a degraded ultisol. The treatments (CoM; CoM; PiM and Control unamended) were laid out in a completely randomized design and replicated three times. Animal manure application had significant effects on soil properties. Soilorganic matter increased by over 9% in the amended treatment relative to the control treatment. Except for N, increases in P (circa 14-70%)and K (circa 15-46%) nutrients were higher for CkD treatment than in other  treatments. Generally, the amended treatments maintained a significantly higher (p ≤0.05) plant leave number, stem girth, plant height, okra pod length and yields when compared with the Control treatment. The results indicated that application of animal manure enhanced okra growth performance. The findings suggest that animal manure application can potentially increase okra yield when grown in a degraded soil. It is recommended that farmers use ample (15 t ha-1) ) quantity of animal manures to increase their crop yields, which invariably will enhance their income. Keywords: Soil fertility, organic fertilizers okra growth, okra yield response, farmers okra yeild.

scholarly journals Effects of Three Types of Organic Fertilizers on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in a Grassland on Andosol in Southern Hokkaido, Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryosuke Kitamura ◽  
Chiho Sugiyama ◽  
Kaho Yasuda ◽  
Arata Nagatake ◽  
Yiran Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Carbon Loss ◽  
Digestive Fluid

Reduction of chemical fertilizers and effective use of livestock excrement are required for the realization of sustainable agriculture and reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The purpose of this study was to estimate the reduction rate of GHG emissions represented by comparing global warming potential (GWP) using organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers. The study was conducted in a managed grassland on Andosol in southern Hokkaido for 3 years from May 2017 to April 2020. There were five treatment plots: no fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, manure, slurry, and digestive fluid. Organic fertilizers were applied such that the amount of NPK did not exceed the recommended application rate, and the shortage was supplemented with chemical fertilizers. Fluxes in CO2 caused by heterotrophic respiration (RH), CH4, and N2O were measured using the closed chamber method. Net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) was obtained as net primary production + organic fertilizer application—RH—harvest. The GWP was estimated by CO2 equivalent NECB and CH4 and N2O emissions in each treatment. Chemical fertilizer nitrogen application rates in the organic fertilizer treatments were reduced by 10% for manure, 19.7% for slurry and 29.7% for digestive fluid compared to chemical fertilizer only, but the grass yields were not significantly different among the fertilizer treatments. The 3-year NECB showed significantly smallest carbon loss in manure treatment, and smaller carbon loss in the organic fertilizer treatments than in the chemical fertilizer only. The reduction rate in the GWP with use of organic fertilizers relative to that of chemical fertilizer was 16.5% for slurry, 27.0% for digestive fluid, and 36.2% for manure. The NECB accounted for more than 90% of the GWP in all treatments. CH4 emissions were < 0.1% of the GWP. On the other hand, N2O emissions accounted for more than 5% of the GWP, and was larger in the order of slurry > chemical fertilizer only > digestive fluid > manure. As a conclusion, these organic fertilizers can be used without no reduction of crop yield instead of chemical fertilizer, however, manure is the best way to increase soil carbon and to decrease GWP, followed by digestive fluid.

scholarly journals Pakchoi Antioxidant Improvement and Differential Rhizobacterial Community Composition under Organic Fertilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2424
Author(s):  
Jianli Liao ◽  
Jun Ye ◽  
Yun Liang ◽  
Muhammad Khalid ◽  
Danfeng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Organic Fertilization

A high level of antioxidants in organic-produced vegetables has been attributed to soil conditions; however, little is known about the relationships between antioxidants and rhizobacteria under different fertilization treatments. A pot trial for pakchoi (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis L.) was conducted under greenhouse conditions with: (1) control; (2) chemical fertilizer; and (3) organic fertilizer. The responses of the plant, soil properties, and rhizobacterial community were measured after 45 days of cultivation. Fertilization increased soil nutrient levels and pakchoi productivity and the reshaped rhizobacterial community structure, while no differences in rhizobacterial abundance and total diversity were observed. Generally, most plant antioxidants were negatively correlated with inorganic nitrogen (N) and positively correlated to organic N in soil. The genera of Arthrospira and Acutodesmus contained differential rhizobacteria under chemical fertilizer treatment, which are known as copiotrophs. In addition, the addition of a chemical fertilizer may stimulate organic substance turnover by the enrichment of organic compound degraders (e.g., Microbacterium and Chitinophaga) and the promotion of predicted functional pathways involved in energy metabolism. Several beneficial rhizobacteria were associated with organic fertilizer amended rhizosphere including the genera Bacillus, Mycobacterium, Actinomycetospora, and Frankia. Furthermore, Bacillus spp. were positively correlated with plant biomass and phenolic acid. Moreover, predictive functional profiles of the rhizobacterial community involved in amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism were significantly increased under organic fertilization, which were positively correlated with plant antioxidant activity. Overall, our study suggests that the short-term application of chemical and organic fertilizers reshapes the rhizobacterial community structure, and such changes might contribute to the plant’s performance.

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