scholarly journals Antimicrobial Profile of Actinomycin D Analogs Secreted by Egyptian Desert Streptomyces sp. DH7

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1264
Author(s):  
Dina H. Amin ◽  
Hayam A. E. Sayed ◽  
Ahmed M. Elissawy ◽  
Dina E. EL-Ghwas ◽  
Abdel Nasser B. Singab
Keyword(s):  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Desert Ecosystems ◽  
Genus Streptomyces ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
First Report ◽  
Rdna Sequencing

Egyptian deserts are an underexplored ecological niche, especially the Sinai Peninsula. In our recent study, we explored this extreme environment and shed light on the bioactive capabilities of desert Actinobacteria isolated from Sinai. Fifty desert Actinobacteria were isolated from the Sinai desert using mineral salt media, basal media, and starch casein media. The filtrate of Streptomyces sp. DH 7 displayed a high inhibitory effect against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. The 16S rDNA sequencing confirmed that isolate DH7 belongs to the genus Streptomyces. The NJ phylogenetic tree showed relatedness to the Streptomyces flavofuscus strain NRRL B-2594 and Streptomyces pratensis strain ch24. The minimum inhibitory concentrations against MRSA were 16 and 32 μg/μL. Chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces sp. DH7 led to the isolation and purification of natural products 1–4. Structure elucidation of the purified compounds was performed using detailed spectroscopic analysis including 1 and 2D NMR, and ESI-MS spectrometry. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report for the isolation of compounds 1–4 from a natural source, while synthetic analogs were previously reported in the literature. Compounds 3–4 were identified as actinomycin D analogues and this is the first report for the production of actinomycin D analogs from the Sinai desert with an inhibitory effect against MRSA. We indorse further study for this analog that can develop enhanced antimicrobial activities. We confirm that the desert ecosystems in Egypt are rich sources of antibiotic-producing Actinobacteria.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity and Biosynthetic Potential of New Streptomyces sp. MW-W600-10 Strain Isolated from Coal Mine Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7441
Author(s):  
Piotr Siupka ◽  
Frederik Teilfeldt Hansen ◽  
Aleksandra Schier ◽  
Simone Rocco ◽  
Trine Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Mine Water ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Genus Streptomyces ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Coal Mine Water

Crop infections by fungi lead to severe losses in food production and pose risks for human health. The increasing resistance of pathogens to fungicides has led to the higher usage of these chemicals, which burdens the environment and highlights the need to find novel natural biocontrol agents. Members of the genus Streptomyces are known to produce a plethora of bioactive compounds. Recently, researchers have turned to extreme and previously unexplored niches in the search for new strains with antimicrobial activities. One such niche are underground coal mine environments. We isolated the new Streptomyces sp. MW-W600-10 strain from coal mine water samples collected at 665 m below ground level. We examined the antifungal activity of the strain against plant pathogens Fusarium culmorum DSM62188 and Nigrospora oryzae roseF7. Furthermore, we analyzed the strain’s biosynthetic potential with the antiSMASH tool. The strain showed inhibitory activity against both fungi strains. Genome mining revealed that it has 39 BGCs, among which 13 did not show similarity to those in databases. Additionally, we examined the activity of the Streptomyces sp. S-2 strain isolated from black soot against F. culmorum DSM62188. These results show that coal-related strains could be a source of novel bioactive compounds. Future studies will elucidate their full biotechnological potential.

ANALYSIS OF THE BIPHASIC ACTION OF GROWTH HORMONE IN VITRO ON THE RAT DIAPHRAGM

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S19-S35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Å. Hjalmarson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
D 20

ABSTRACT In vitro addition of bovine growth hormone (GH) to intact hemidiaphragms from hypophysectomized rats has previously been found to produce both an early stimulatory effect lasting for 2—3 hours and a subsequent late inhibitory effect during which the muscle is insensitive to further addition of GH (Hjalmarson 1968). These effects on the accumulation rate of α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) and D-xylose have been further studied. In presence of actinomycin D (20 μg/ml) or puromycin (100 μg/ml) the duration of the stimulatory effect of GH (25 μg/ml) was prolonged to last for at least 4—5 hours and the late inhibitory effect was prevented. Similar results were obtained when glucose-free incubation medium was used. Preincubation of the diaphragm at different glucose concentrations (0—5 mg/ml) for 3 hours did not change the GH sensitivity. Addition of insulin at start of incubation could not prevent GH from inducing its late inhibitory effect, while dexamethasone seemed to potentiate this effect of GH. Furthermore, adrenaline was found to decrease the uptake of AIB-14C and D-xylose-14C in the diaphragm, but not to change the sensitivity of the muscle to GH. Preincubation of the diaphragm for 3 hours with puromycin in a concentration of 200 μg/ml markedly decreased the subsequent basal uptake of both AIB-14C and D-xylose-14C, in the presence of puromycin, and abolished the stimulatory effect of GH on the accumulation of AIB-14C. However, the effect of GH on the accumulation of D-xylose-14C was unchanged. The present observations are discussed and evaluated in relation to various mechanisms of GH action proposed to explain the dual nature of the hormone.

Metabolite fingerprinting of novel Streptomyces UK-238 from the Himalayan forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Srivastava ◽  
Indira P. Sarethy
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Retention Index ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug ◽  
16S Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Metabolite Fingerprinting ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Rdna Sequencing

Aims: Characterization of antimicrobial metabolites of novel Streptomyces sp. UK-238. Background: Novel antimicrobial drug discovery is urgently needed due to emerging multi antimicrobial drug resistance among pathogens. Since many years, natural products have provided the basic skeletons for many therapeutic compounds including antibiotics. Bioprospection of un/under explored habitats and focussing on selective isolation of actinobacteria as major reservoir of bio and chemodiversity has yielded good results. Objective: The main objectives of the study were the identification of UK-238 by 16S rDNA sequencing and antimicrobial metabolite fingerprinting of culture extracts. Method: In the present study, a promising isolate, UK-238, has been screened for antimicrobial activity and metabolite fingerprinting from the Himalayan Thano Reserve forest. It was identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. Ethyl acetate extract was partially purified by column chromatography. The pooled active fractions were fingerprinted by GC-MS and compounds were tentatively identified by collated data analysis based on Similarity Index, observed Retention Index from Databases and calculated Retention Index. Results: UK-238 was identified as Streptomyces sp. with 98.4% similarity to S. niveiscabiei. It exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activity. GC-MS analysis of active fractions of ethyl acetate extract showed the presence of eighteen novel antimicrobial compounds belonging to four major categories- alcohols, alkaloid, esters and peptide. Conclusion: The study confirms that bioprospection of underexplored habitats can elaborate novel bio and chemodiversity.

scholarly journals Protective effect of chlorpromazine on endotoxin toxicity and TNF production in glucocorticoid-sensitive and glucocorticoid-resistant models of endotoxic shock.

1991 ◽  
Vol 173 (6) ◽  
pp. 1305-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Gadina ◽  
R Bertini ◽  
M Mengozzi ◽  
M Zandalasini ◽  
A Mantovani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Endotoxic Shock ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Initial Correlations ◽  
Necrosis Factor

The present study was designed to define the potential of chlorpromazine (CPZ) as a protective agent against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) toxicity in comparison with glucocorticoids, and to obtain initial correlations with its effects on the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a pivotal mediator of endotoxic shock. It was found that CPZ protects mice, normal or adrenalectomized, and guinea pigs against lethality of LPS, and inhibited TNF serum levels, like dexamethasone (DEX), a well-known inhibitor of TNF synthesis. CPZ protected against LPS lethality when administered 30 minutes (min) before, simultaneously, or up to 10 min after LPS and was ineffective when given 30 min after LPS, paralleling the inhibitory effect on TNF production. In another experimental model, where mice were sensitized to LPS toxicity by actinomycin D, CPZ significantly inhibited LPS lethality and hepatotoxicity, whereas under these conditions DEX was inactive. These experiments indicate that CPZ has a protective action in both glucocorticoid-sensitive and -resistant models of endotoxic shock.

scholarly journals An Actinobacterial Isolate, Streptomyces sp. YX44, Produces Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics That Strongly Inhibit Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 630
Author(s):  
Tien-Lin Chang ◽  
Tzu-Wen Huang ◽  
Ying-Xuan Wang ◽  
Chang-Pan Liu ◽  
Ralph Kirby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Genus Streptomyces ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Good Solubility

The need for new antibiotics is increasing due to their overuse, and antibiotic resistance has become one of the major threats worldwide to public health, food safety, and clinical treatment. In this study, we describe an actinobacterial isolate, YX44, which belongs to the genus Streptomyces. This Streptomyces was isolated from a drinking pipe located in Osaka, Japan, and has the ability to inhibit Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and various fungi. YX44 fermentation broth shows strong activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as also inhibiting clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The YX44 antibacterial substances in the broth are relatively heat-stable, show high stability from the pH range 1 to 11, and have good solubility in both organic and non-organic solvents. Size-exclusion chromatography revealed that the YX44 antibacterial compounds are less than 1000 Da in size. LC-MS was able to identify three possible candidate molecules with molecular weights of 308, 365, 460, and 653 g/mol; none of these sizes correspond to any well-known antibiotics. Our results show that Streptomyces sp. YX44 seems to produce a number of novel antibiotics with high pH stability and good solubility that have significant activity against S. aureus, including multidrug-resistant strains.

Lipopolysaccharide-induced sensitization of adenylyl cyclase activity in murine macrophages

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (1) ◽  
pp. C143-C151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Osawa ◽  
H. T. Lee ◽  
C. A. Hirshman ◽  
D. Xu ◽  
C. W. Emala
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclase ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cytokine Release ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclase Activity ◽  
Phosphorylation State ◽  
Murine Macrophages ◽  
Dependent Pathway ◽  
New Protein

LPS is known to modulate macrophage responses during sepsis, including cytokine release, phagocytosis, and proliferation. Although agents that elevate cAMP reverse LPS-induced macrophage functions, whether LPS itself modulates cAMP and whether LPS-induced decreases in proliferation are modulated via a cAMP-dependent pathway are not known. Murine macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) were treated with LPS in the presence or absence of inhibitors of prostaglandin signaling, protein kinases, CaM, Giproteins, and NF-κB translocation or transcription/translation. LPS effects on CaMKII phosphorylation and the expression of relevant adenylyl cyclase (AC) isoforms were measured. LPS caused a significant dose (5–10,000 ng/ml)- and time (1–8 h)-dependent increase in forskolin-stimulated AC activity that was abrogated by pretreatment with SN50 (an NF-κB inhibitor), actinomycin D, or cycloheximide, indicating that the effect is mediated via NF-κB-dependent transcription and new protein synthesis. Furthermore, LPS decreased the phosphorylation state of CaMKII, and pretreatment with a CaM antagonist attenuated the LPS-induced sensitization of AC. LPS, cAMP, or PKA activation each independently decreased macrophage proliferation. However, inhibition of NF-κB had no effect on LPS-induced decreased proliferation, indicating that LPS-induced decreased macrophage proliferation can proceed via PKA-independent signaling pathways. Taken together, these findings indicate that LPS induces sensitization of AC activity by augmenting the stimulatory effect of CaM and attenuating the inhibitory effect of CaMKII on isoforms of AC that are CaMK sensitive.

Inhibitory Effect of Commercial Green Tea and Rosemary Leaf Powders on the Growth of Foodborne Pathogens in Laboratory Media and Oriental-Style Rice Cakes

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1107-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUN-YOUNG LEE ◽  
SO-YOUNG GWON ◽  
SEUNG-JU KIM ◽  
BO KYUNG MOON
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Enterobacter Sakazakii ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Rice Cake ◽  
Rice Cakes

The antimicrobial effects of green tea and rosemary added to foods as antagonists to foodborne pathogens were determined in laboratory media and oriental-style rice cakes. The growth of each pathogen (Bacillus cereus, Salmonella, Typhimurium, Enterobacter sakazakii, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes) in tryptic soy broth or rice cake with or without addition of green tea or rosemary leaf powders before autoclaving or cooking, respectively, was investigated after inoculation. The addition of 1% green tea or rosemary produced similar results for inhibiting the growth of pathogens in tryptic soy broth. However, green tea was more effective than rosemary for inhibiting the growth of L. monocytogenes. Both botanicals had inhibitory effects against all pathogens tested in this study. Green tea was particularly effective against B. cereus, S. aureus, and L. monocytogenes, and rosemary was strongly inhibitory against B. cereus and S. aureus. The addition of 1 or 3% green tea or rosemary to rice cakes did not significantly reduce total aerobic counts; however, levels of B. cereus and S. aureus were significantly reduced in rice cakes stored for 3 days at room temperature (22°C). The order of antimicrobial activities against B. cereus in rice cake was 1% rosemary < 1% green tea < 3% rosemary = 3% green tea. These results indicate that the use of natural plant materials such as green tea and rosemary could improve the microbial quality of foods in addition to their functional properties.

scholarly journals Growth response of Spirulina platensis in papaya skin extract and antimicrobial activities of Spirulina extracts in different culture media

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasima Akhtar ◽  
Monzur Morshed Ahmeda ◽  
Nishat Sarker ◽  
Khandaker Rayhan Mahbuba ◽  
Abdul Matin Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Skin Extract ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Powder Extract

Growth response of Spirulina platensis in papaya skin extract media and their antimicrobial activity were studied. Five different concentrations  e.g. 10gm/L, 8gm/L, 6 gm/L, 4 gm/L and 2gm/L of Papaya (Carica papaya) skin extract media and BD1 (control) medium were used  in this study. After 8 days of cultivation, the optical density (0.33) was recorded in BD1 medium and among the five different concentrations  of papaya skin extract media the maximum was found (0.31) in 6gm/L. Antimicrobial activity of Spirulina platensis grown in three  media namely Zarrouk, BD1 media and media made from papaya skin extract was also studied. Only freeze dried Spirulina platensis powder  extract showed inhibitory effect against bacteria and no antifungal activity was observed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i2.11445 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(2), 147-152, 2012  

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Motility and Improvement Efficacy of Shenhuang Plaster Application on Shenque: Identification, Evaluation, and Mechanism

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yanan Shi ◽  
Jingming Xu ◽  
Bin Ding ◽  
Guiping Chen ◽  
Lu Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Identification Evaluation ◽  
Stimulation Efficiency

Constipation, a gastrointestinal function disorder, is one of the side effects of paclitaxel (PTX) chemotherapy. Shenhuang plaster (SHP) application on the Shenque acupoint promotes gut motility in clinical settings. In this study, we elucidated the ingredients in SHP and evaluated its effects on PTX-induced constipation using a tumour-bearing mouse model. SHP was prepared using the traditional Chinese plaster preparation method. The ingredients were analysed using UPLC-MS/MS and identified via screening in a standard drug database. The gastrointestinal transit was evaluated by the movement of a fluorescein-labelled dextran in the gastrointestinal tract. A histological study of the mucosa was carried out after haematoxylin and eosin staining. mRNA expression was assessed using real-time RT-PCR, and the foetal microbiota composition was elucidated through 16 s rDNA sequencing and BLAST analysis. Our results indicate that the application of SHP attenuated weight gain inhibition by PTX; however, no inhibitory effect was observed on tumour growth. PTX-induced sluggish intestine, villus, and mucosal base layer damage were significantly improved following the application of SHP. Further, SHP enhanced the stimulation efficiency of PTX on TLR4 and its downstream cytokines, as well as on IL-1β in intestinal cells. SHP combined with PTX reshaped the microbiota, which showed beneficial effects on health. Hence, these results provide evidence that SHP alleviates PTX-induced constipation and intestinal morphological damage but augments the effects of PTX on the expression of cytokines in the TLR4 pathway and IL-1β. Therefore, we propose that SHP stimulates the host immune response to eradicate cancer cells.

scholarly journals Pubinernoid A and Apo-9′-fucoxanthinone, Secondary Metabolites from a Gorgonian Coral Pinnigorgia sp

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100
Author(s):  
Hsin-Huan Chang ◽  
Yu-Chia Chang ◽  
Wu-Fu Chen ◽  
Tsong-Long Hwang ◽  
Lee-Shing Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Gorgonian Coral ◽  
First Report ◽  
Significant Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Animal Source

The structures of pubinernoid A (1) and apo-9′-fucoxanthinone (2), isolated from a gorgonian coral Pinnigorgia sp., were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and by comparison of their spectroscopic data with those of known compounds. This is the first report of 1 and 2 from an animal source. Apo-9′-fucoxanthinone (2) displayed a significant inhibitory effect on the release of elastase by human neutrophils, with an IC50 value of 5.75 μM.

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