scholarly journals The Analysis of Chitosan-Coated Nanovesicles Containing Erythromycin—Characterization and Biocompatibility in Mice

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1471
Author(s):  
Loredana Nicoleta Hilițanu ◽  
Liliana Mititelu-Tarțău ◽  
Grațiela Eliza Popa ◽  
Beatrice Rozalina Buca ◽  
Liliana Lăcrămioara Pavel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Protective Actions ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Carrier Systems

Nanoantibiotics have proved improved pharmacokinetic characteristics and antimicrobial features. Recent studies have shown non-toxicity, non-immunogenicity, antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic, and hepatocyte protective actions, among other advantages of chitosan-based nanoparticles. The purpose of our study was the structural analysis of novel chitosan-coated vesicles entrapping erythromycin (ERT) and the assessment of their biocompatibility in mice. According to the group in which they were randomly assigned, the mice were treated orally with one of the following: distilled water; chitosan; ERT; chitosan vesicles containing ERT. Original nanosystems entrapping ERT in liposomes stabilized with chitosan were designed. Their oral administration did not produce sizeable modifications in the percentages of the leukocyte formula elements, of some blood constants useful for evaluating the hepatic and renal function, respectively, and of some markers of oxidative stress and immune system activity, which suggests a good biocompatibility in mice. The histological examination did not reveal significant alterations of liver and kidney architecture in mice treated with chitosan liposomes entrapping ERT. The results indicate the designed liposomes are a promising approach to overcome disadvantages of conventional ERT treatments and to amplify their benefits and can be further studied as carrier systems.

scholarly journals Determining the Relationship Between Homocysteinemia and Biomarkers of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Functional Kidney Status in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velibor Čabarkapa ◽  
Mirjana Đerić ◽  
Zoran Stošić ◽  
Vladimir Sakač ◽  
Sofija Davidović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Macrovascular Complications ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cystatine C ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Summary Background: One of the leading causes of terminal renal failure is diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between homocysteine levels and the biomarkers of renal function, inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as the incidence of macrovascular complications in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Methods: Sixty-four patients with diabetic nephropathy were included in this study. They were divided according to their homocysteine levels into two groups: hyperhomocysteinemic (HHcy, n=47) and normohomocysteinemic patients (NHCy, n=17). The re sults were compared to a control group (n=20) with normal renal function and without diabetes. Besides homocysteine, cystatine C, creatinine, urea, albuminuria, creatinine clearance, lipid status parameters, apolipoprotein A-I and B, lipo protein (a), CRP, fibrinogen, oxidative LDL were determined using appropriate methods. The incidence of macro vascular diabetic complications was also determined. Results: The results indicate that the level of renal dysfunction is greater in HHcy than in NHcy patients (p<0.05). In HHcy patients levels of oxLDL were also higher compared to NHcy patients (119.3±140.4 vs. 71.4±50.8 ng/mL, disp< 0.05) as well as fibrinogen levels (4.3±1.3 vs. 3.7±0.8 g/L, p<0.05). The in cidence of macrovascular complications is more frequent in HHcy than in NHcy patients (55.3. vs. 35.3 %, p>0.05), and in patients with macroalbuminuria compared to patients with microalbuminuria (65% vs. 39%, p<0.05). Conclusions: It can be concluded that HHcy is significantly present in patients with diabetic nephropathy, especially if there is greater reduction of renal function. Besides that, significantly higher concentrations of inflammatory (fibrinogen) and oxidative stress (oxLDL) markers were present in HHcy patients with diabetic nephropathy compared to NHcy patients.Therefore in diabetic nephropathy patients it is useful to regularly monitor the levels of homocysteine, as well as inflammatory and markers of oxidative stress.

Modulatory effects of cod liver oil on the antioxidant status and oxidative stress induced by acute exposure to carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) in experimental animal models

2014 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abam Esther Omugba ◽  
Adebayo J. Ajiboye ◽  
Ademola A. Oyagbemi ◽  
Eze Agofure
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Experimental Animal Models ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Enzymic Antioxidants ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractThis work was designed to investigate the modulatory effects of cod liver oil on the acute exposure to carbon tetrachloride (CCLMarkers of oxidative stress, enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants were assessed in the liver and kidney.The results showed significant (p<0.05) increase in the total protein of the kidney of rats pretreated with cod liver oil compared to the control and CCLTaken together, cod liver oil attenuates CCL

Behavioural and biochemical effects of one-week exposure to aflatoxin B1 and aspartame in male Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-305
Author(s):  
N.S. Souto ◽  
M. Dassi ◽  
A.C.M. Braga ◽  
E.V.F. Rosa ◽  
M.R. Fighera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Artificial Sweetener ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Aflatoxin B ◽  
Gst Activity

Food products are susceptible to contamination by mycotoxins, and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) stands as the most toxic among them. AFB1 intoxication results in distinct signs, including widespread systemic toxicity. Aspartame (ASP) is an artificial sweetener used as a sugar substitute in many products, and compelling evidence indicates ASP can be toxic. Interestingly, mechanisms underlying ASP and AFB1 toxicity involve oxidative stress. In this context, concomitant use of ASP and AFB1 in a meal may predispose to currently unidentified behavioural and biochemical changes. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of AFB1 (250 μg/kg, intragastrically (i.g.)) and/or ASP (75 mg/kg, i.g.) exposure for 7 days on behavioural and biochemical markers of oxidative stress in male Wistar rats. AFB1 and/or ASP increased hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity when compared to controls. In the kidneys, increased GST activity was detected in AFB1 and AFB1+ASP groups. In addition, AFB1 and or ASP elicited behavioural changes in the open field, marble burying and splash tests, however no additive effects were detected. Altogether, present data suggest AFB1 and ASP predispose to anxiety- and obsessive-compulsive-like symptoms, as well as to enzymatic defence system imbalance in liver and kidney of Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Assessment of Plasma Sodium to Potassium Ratio, Renal Function, Markers of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Endothelial Dysfunction in Nigerian Hypertensive Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Oloruntoba A. Ekun ◽  
Folasade Daniel ◽  
Philip Adebola ◽  
Adeola Ajibare ◽  
Oyeronke O. Ekun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hs Crp

Background. This study investigated plasma sodium/potassium ratio, markers of oxidative stress, renal function, and endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive Nigerians. Materials and Methods. Five hundred forty-nine volunteers consisting of three hundred and twenty-four hypertensive and two hundred twenty-five controls participated in this study. Blood samples were collected from the participants and were analyzed for electrolytes, markers of oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, renal function, and inflammation, using ion-selective electrodes, spectrophotometric, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods, respectively. Results. The mean systolic blood pressure, mean diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI) were significantly elevated among the hypertensive group when compared with control ( p < 0.001 ). The mean sodium increased, while potassium and bicarbonate (HCO3−) decreased ( p < 0.001 ) in hypertensive volunteers. The sodium-potassium ratio (Na+/K+) and urea were raised ( p < 0.001 ) in the hypertensive group when compared with the control. Glutathione, superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide (NO), and catalase were significantly reduced ( p < 0.001 ) while malondialdehyde (MDA), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and ferritin were raised significantly ( p < 0.001 ) in hypertensive participants. The odds of hypertension and its complications increased ( p < 0.001 ) with an increase in BMI, Na+/K+, hs-CRP, MDA, and ferritin and a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Conclusion. An increase in Na+/K+, urea, hs-CRP, ferritin, MDA, and BMI and a decrease in eGFR, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase were associated with an increased risk of hypertension complication. Abnormal values of markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial function could impact deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system among hypertensive Nigerians. A decreased bicarbonate possibly suggests an occult acid-base imbalance among hypertensive volunteers.

Aged coconut oil with a high peroxide value induces oxidative stress and tissue damage in mercury-treated rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunny O. Abarikwu ◽  
Rex-Clovis C. Njoku ◽  
Chigozie L. Onuah
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Liver Homogenates ◽  
High Peroxide ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Kidney Functions

Abstract Background Exposure to mercury (Hg) and the ingestion of peroxidized edible oil represent a health risk. This study evaluated the effects of peroxidized coconut oil (CO) on the liver and kidney of rats treated with Hg. Methods Male albino Wistar rats were administered HgCl2 and CO separately or as a combination for 21 days. The concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), which were used as markers of oxidative stress were measured in the liver and kidney homogenates. The activities of gamma glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as well as the levels of bilirubin and creatinine (CREA) as markers of liver and kidney functions were analyzed in the serum. Results The level of MDA in the kidney and liver homogenates was significantly increased in the HgCl2, CO, and CO+HgCl2 groups when compared to control values (p<0.05). Liver SOD activity and GSH level were increased and CAT activity was decreased, whereas kidney GSH level and SOD activity were decreased and CAT activity was increased in the CO and CO+HgCl2 groups when compared to control values (p<0.05). The increase in CREA and bilirubin levels as well as γ-GT and LDH activities observed in the CO+HgCl2 group when compared to the control values (p<0.05) were associated with pathological changes in both tissues, and were considered to be due to oxidative stress. Conclusions In summary, peroxidized CO and Hg alone or in combination induces oxidative damage in the liver and kidney of rats.

scholarly journals Caramel Dye IV Induces Oxidative Stress Damage In Liver And Kidney From Mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson Marins ◽  
Julia Spanhol da Silva ◽  
Pâmela Carvalho da Rosa ◽  
Vitor Antunes de Oliveira ◽  
Aline Zuanazzi Pasinato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Technological Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Stress Damage ◽  
Different Doses

ABSTRACTCaramel dye IV (C-IV) is a synthetic organic product, does not present nutritional, ergogenic, or technological factors, but leads to reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing damage to a wide range of molecules, leading to cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases development. We aimed to verify the effects of different doses of C-IV dye on the markers of oxidative stress in the liver and kidneys from male Swiss CF-1 mice, divided into 4 experimental groups: control; C-IV 0.3g/kg; C-IV 1g/kg and C-IV 3g/kg. We found that 3 g/Kg of C-IV dye promote oxidative damage in liver and kidney homogenates, evidenced by the increase of lipid peroxidation, reduction of free SH groups, and higher ROS production. As a consequence, increased superoxide dismutase and acetylcholinesterase enzymes activities were detected. These damages were confirmed through histology images. These results indicate that daily doses might induce oxidative stress damages and possible lead to chronic diseases development.

The Impact of L-Carnitine and Coenzyme Q10 as Protection Against Busulfan-Oxidative Stress in the Liver of Adult Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-586
Author(s):  
Areeg M. Abdelrazek ◽  
Shimaa A. Haredy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Stress Damage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Liver Tissues

Background: Busulfan (Bu) is an anticancer drug with a variety of adverse effects for cancer patients. Oxidative stress has been considered as a common pathological mechanism and it has a key role in the initiation and progression of liver injury by Bu. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant impact of L-Carnitine and Coenzyme Q10 and their protective role against oxidative stress damage in liver tissues. Methods and Material: Thirty-six albino rats were divided equally into six groups. G1 (con), received I.P. injection of DMSO plus 1 ml of distilled water daily by oral gavages; G2 (Bu), received I.P. injection of Bu plus 1 ml of the distilled water daily; G3 (L-Car), received 1 ml of L-Car orally; G4 (Bu + L-Car) received I.P. injection of Bu plus 1 ml of L-Car, G5 (CoQ10) 1 ml of CoQ10 daily; and G6 (Bu + CoQ10) received I.P. injection of Bu plus 1 ml of CoQ10 daily. Results: The recent data showed that Bu induced significant (P<0.05) elevation in serum ALT, AST, liver GSSG, NO, MDA and 8-OHDG, while showing significant (P<0.05) decrease in liver GSH and ATP. On the other hand, L-Carnitine and Coenzyme Q10 ameliorated the negative effects prompted by Bu. Immunohistochemical expression of caspase-3 in liver tissues reported pathological alterations in Bu group while also showed significant recovery in L-Car more than CoQ10. Conclusion: L-Car, as well as CoQ10, can enhance the hepatotoxic effects of Bu by promoting energy production in oxidative phosphorylation process and by scavenging the free radicals.

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