scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Strategies on Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress: A Narrative Review of Human Studies

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Zhen Zeng ◽  
Christoph Centner ◽  
Albert Gollhofer ◽  
Daniel König
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Dietary Strategies ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Exhaustive exercise can induce excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may enhance oxidative stress levels. Although physiological levels are crucial for optimal cell signaling and exercise adaptations, higher concentrations have been demonstrated to damage macromolecules and thus facilitate detrimental effects. Besides single dosages of antioxidants, whole diets rich in antioxidants are gaining more attention due to their practicality and multicomponent ingredients. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the current state of research on this topic and present recent advances regarding the antioxidant effects of whole dietary strategies on exercise-induced oxidative stress in humans. The following electronic databases were searched from inception to February 2021: PubMed, Scope and Web of Science. Twenty-eight studies were included in this narrative review and demonstrated the scavenging effects of exercise-induced ROS generation, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers and antioxidant capacity, with only one study not confirming such positive effects. Although the literature is still scarce about the effects of whole dietary strategies on exercise-induced oxidative stress, the majority of the studies demonstrated favorable effects. Nevertheless, the protocols are still very heterogeneous and further systematically designed studies are needed to strengthen the evidence.

scholarly journals Polyphenols in Exercise Performance and Prevention of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Malaguti ◽  
Cristina Angeloni ◽  
Silvana Hrelia
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Dietary Strategies ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Although moderate physical exercise is considered an essential component of a healthy lifestyle that leads the organism to adapt itself to different stresses, exercise, especially when exhaustive, is also known to induce oxidative stress, inflammation, and muscle damage. Many efforts have been carried out to identify dietary strategies or micronutrients able to prevent or at least attenuate the exercise-induced muscle damage and stress. Unfortunately most studies have failed to show protection, and at the present time data supporting the protective effect of micronutrients, as antioxidant vitamins, are weak and trivial. This review focuses on those polyphenols, present in the plant kingdom, that have been recently suggested to exert some positive effects on exercise-induced muscle damage and oxidative stress. In the last decade flavonoids as quercetin, catechins, and other polyphenols as resveratrol have caught the scientists attention. However, at the present time drawing a clear and definitive conclusion seems to be untimely.

Oxidants and antioxidants in exercise

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Sen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Current State ◽  
Strenuous Physical Exercise ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Exercise Induced

There is consistent evidence from human and animal studies that strenuous physical exercise may induce a state wherein the antioxidant defenses of several tissues are overwhelmed by excess reactive oxygen. A wide variety of physiological and dietary antioxidants act in concert to evade such a stress. Submaximal long-duration exercise training may augment the physiological antioxidant defenses in several tissues; however, this enhanced protection may not be sufficient to completely protect highly fit individuals from exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative stress. Regular physical activity in association with dietary habits that ensure adequate supply of a combination of appropriate antioxidants may be expected to yield desirable results. The significance of this area of research, current state of information, and possibilities of further investigation are briefly reviewed.

scholarly journals Music in Obstetrics: An Intervention Option to Reduce Tension, Pain and Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (09) ◽  
pp. 967-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Wulff ◽  
Philip Hepp ◽  
Tanja Fehm ◽  
Nora Schaal
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Current State ◽  
Reduction Of Pain ◽  
Expectant Mothers ◽  
Relaxation Studies ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Reducing Stress ◽  
Psychological Parameters

AbstractIn recent years, the effect of music interventions and music therapy has experienced increased attention in the literature. It has been shown that music has positive effects on cognitive and physical performance, such as concentration and endurance, as well as on psychological parameters, such as anxiety and relaxation. Studies within the context of medicine in particular are increasingly indicating that music may be used as an intervention for relief against anxiety, stress and pain. Music is therefore seen in actual practice as a supplement to conventional pharmacological and non-pharmacological forms of treatment – and the trend is rising. Studies involving music interventions in the field of obstetrics have shown, amongst other things, that music improves the ability to relax during pregnancy and can reduce anxiety. It was also discovered that during childbirth music interventions resulted in a reduction of pain and stress. Music also has the effect of reducing stress, pain and anxiety in expectant mothers during deliveries by caesarean section. This review intends to provide an overview of the literature on music interventions in the field of obstetrics and to give a resume on the current state of research around the topic of music in relation to pregnancy, spontaneous deliveries and caesarean sections. Furthermore, the relevance of music for everyday obstetrics will be illustrated.

scholarly journals Methanolic Leaves and Arils Extracts of Ackee (Blighia sapida)Plant Ameliorate Mercuric Chloride-Induced Oxidative Stress in Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7528-7542
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Negative Geotaxis ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Mechanism Of Toxicity ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
Blighia Sapida

Ackee (Blighia sapida) has been used in traditional medicine for treating oxidative stress-induced diseases; diabetes and cancer. Ameliorative roles of Ackee leaves and arils methanolic extracts were evaluated on mercuric chloride (HgCl2) induced-oxidative stress in D. melanogaster. 1-3 days old D. melanogaster were orally exposed to different concentrations of Ackee leaves (AL), and Ackee arils (AS) extracts as well as HgCl2 in a diet for 7 days. Subsequently, survival and negative geotaxis assays, quantification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and oxidative biomarker enzymes were determined. 500 µM HgCl2 was selected based on the highest lethality, 0.2 mg/g for AL, and 0.4 mg/g for AS; they gave the highest antioxidant effects. Exposure to AL and AS plant extracts improved negative geotaxis behavior and extracts were able to ameliorate the effect of Hg2+ on catalase positively, acetylcholinesterase, glutathione-S transferase activities, increase total thiol and GSH levels and reverted increased nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide production (P<0.05) when compared to the control. Our results suggest that the Hg2+ mechanism of toxicity is associated with oxidative damage, as evidenced by the alteration in the oxidative stress-antioxidant imbalance, and that extracts possess essential phytochemicals that could alleviate possibly effects of environmental pollutants such as HgCl2.

scholarly journals The effects of cocoa flavanols on indices of muscle recovery and exercise performance: a narrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam D. Corr ◽  
Adam Field ◽  
Deborah Pufal ◽  
Tom Clifford ◽  
Liam D. Harper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Muscle Recovery ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cocoa Flavanols

Abstract Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, muscle soreness, and reductions in muscle function. Cocoa flavanols (CF) are (poly)phenols with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and thus may attenuate symptoms of EIMD. The purpose of this narrative review was to collate and evaluate the current literature investigating the effect of CF supplementation on markers of exercise-induced oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as changes in muscle function, perceived soreness, and exercise performance. Acute and sub-chronic intake of CF reduces oxidative stress resulting from exercise. Evidence for the effect of CF on exercise-induced inflammation is lacking and the impact on muscle function, perceived soreness and exercise performance is inconsistent across studies. Supplementation of CF may reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress, with potential for delaying fatigue, but more evidence is required for any definitive conclusions on the impact of CF on markers of EIMD. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Infrared Low-Level Laser Therapy (Photobiomodulation Therapy) before Intense Progressive Running Test of High-Level Soccer Players: Effects on Functional, Muscle Damage, Inflammatory, and Oxidative Stress Markers—A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaiane Silva Tomazoni ◽  
Caroline dos Santos Monteiro Machado ◽  
Thiago De Marchi ◽  
Heliodora Leão Casalechi ◽  
Jan Magnus Bjordal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Level Laser ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The effects of preexercise photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) to enhance performance, accelerate recovery, and attenuate exercise-induced oxidative stress were still not fully investigated, especially in high-level athletes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of PBMT (using infrared low-level laser therapy) applied before a progressive running test on functional aspects, muscle damage, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in high-level soccer players. A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial was performed. Twenty-two high-level male soccer players from the same team were recruited and treated with active PBMT and placebo. The order of interventions was randomized. Immediately after the application of active PBMT or placebo, the volunteers performed a standardized high-intensity progressive running test (ergospirometry test) until exhaustion. We analyzed rates of oxygen uptake (VO2 max), time until exhaustion, and aerobic and anaerobic threshold during the intense progressive running test. Creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1-β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), levels of thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) and carbonylated proteins, and catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured before and five minutes after the end of the test. PBMT increased the VO2 max (both relative and absolute values—p<0.0467 and p<0.0013, respectively), time until exhaustion (p<0.0043), time (p<0.0007) and volume (p<0.0355) in which anaerobic threshold happened, and volume in which aerobic threshold happened (p<0.0068). Moreover, PBMT decreased CK (p<0.0001) and LDH (p<0.0001) activities. Regarding the cytokines, PBMT decreased only IL-6 (p<0.0001). Finally, PBMT decreased TBARS (p<0.0001) and carbonylated protein levels (p<0.01) and increased SOD (p<0.0001)and CAT (p<0.0001) activities. The findings of this study demonstrate that preexercise PBMT acts on different functional aspects and biochemical markers. Moreover, preexercise PBMT seems to play an important antioxidant effect, decreasing exercise-induced oxidative stress and consequently enhancing athletic performance and improving postexercise recovery. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03803956.

Endogenous liver protections against lipotoxicity and oxidative stress to avoid the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver to more serious disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel-Angel Barrios-Maya ◽  
Angélica Ruiz-Ramírez ◽  
Mohammed El-Hafidi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Accumulation Of Lipids ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disorder characterized by an ectopic accumulation of lipids in at least 5% of hepatocytes. The first phase of the disease, called hepatic steatosis, progresses over time to chronic conditions such as steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatic insufficiency and cancer. The accumulation of free fatty acids in hepatocytes, particularly saturated fatty acids, is a key process in the development and progression of NAFLD. Furthermore, the accumulation of oxidative stress markers in NAFLD is closely linked to lipotoxicity due to impaired lipid metabolism and increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, endogenous mechanisms are activated early in the liver to protect against lipotoxicity and oxidative stress, thus preventing liver mass loss and disease progression. Thus, in order to develop appropriate therapies, the purpose of this review is to discuss recent data from the literature regarding the importance of intrinsic mechanisms deployed by the liver in protecting itself against the adverse effects related to chronic lipid accumulation and ROS generation.

The association between irisin levels, element distribution and oxidative stress markers in adolescent swimmers

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muaz Belviranli ◽  
Nilsel Okudan ◽  
Nuran Karakuyu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Element Distribution ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract The objective of this investigation was to compare irisin concentration and its relation with oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes and element levels in both male adolescent swimmers and sedentary controls. Twelve male swimmers aged between 11 and 18 years, who performed regular swimming training for at least 2 years and 12 age- and gender-matched sedentary controls participated in this study. After anthropometric measurements were performed, fasting venous blood samples were taken at rest. Irisin, malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker of oxidative stress, superoxide dismutase (SOD) as a marker of antioxidant enzyme and elements (Zn, Cu, Se, Cr, Ni, Al, Fe) were analyzed in these samples. MDA levels were lower but Zn levels and Zn/Cu ratio were higher in the swimmers than in sedentary controls (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the irisin levels and SOD activities between the groups (p > 0.05). The results of the current study suggested that exercise training has antioxidant effects and may reduce oxidative damage. Exercise training has also limited effects on irisin levels in the adolescents.

scholarly journals GARLIC LOWERS BLOOD PRESSURE AND REDUCES OXIDATIVE STRESS BY INCREASING PLASMA H2S CONTENT IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
O.M. Kravchuk ◽  
◽  
Yu.V. Goshovska ◽  
Yu.P. Korkach ◽  
V.F. Sagach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Inos Activity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Arterial hypertension (AH) is a multifactorial disease that is accompanied by the development of oxidative-nitrosative stress and insufficient production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). We hypothesized that garlic bio supplement Full Spectrum Garlic (Swanson Health Product, USA) may be used as a potential H2S donor in treatment of AH in patients. The aim was to study the effect of garlic on blood pressure, ROS generation and cNOS/iNOS activity, biochemical in male 28-39 years old patients with grade II AH. It was found that 10 days of standard antihypertensive therapy (adrenoblockers, ACE inhibitors) with 30 days of garlic supplementation reduced mean systolic and diastolic pressures by 9 and 8 mm Hg respectively. Positive effects of garlic consumption on hemodynamic parameters were observed: enddiastolic volume increased by 8% and peripheral vascular resistance decreased by 11,3% . In the blood plasma of patients, H2S levels increased by 43,6% , the production of ROS and the content of lipid peroxidation products decreased significantly. It is important that the cNOS activity was increased by 130% and iNOS activity decreased by 38,3%. No significant changes in cholesterol, urea, creatinine, glucose, as well as erythrocyte parameters were observed, which indicates the tolerance of the garlic supplements. Thus, the hypotonic effect of garlic is realized by increasing endogenous H2S in plasma, improving endothelium-dependent relaxation of blood vessels and reducing the manifestations of oxidative stress, which makes it promising to use it in the complex therapy of hypertension.

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