scholarly journals Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens and the Effect of Dietary Polyphenols, with Special Reference to Willow (Salix spp.) Bark Supplements—A Review

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 686
Author(s):  
Mihaela Saracila ◽  
Tatiana Dumitra Panaite ◽  
Camelia Puia Papuc ◽  
Rodica Diana Criste
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Willow Bark ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Salix Spp

Over the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the use of a wide range of phytoadditives to counteract the harmful effects of heat stress in poultry. Willow (Salix spp.) is a tree with a long history. Among various forms, willow bark is an important natural source of salicin, β-O-glucoside of saligenin, but also of polyphenols (flavonoids and condensed tannins) with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activity. In light of this, the current review presents some literature data aiming to: (1) describe the relationship between heat stress and oxidative stress in broilers, (2) present or summarize literature data on the chemical composition of Salix species, (3) summarize the mechanisms of action of willow bark in heat-stressed broilers, and (4) present different biological effects of the extract of Salix species in different experimental models.

scholarly journals Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens and the Effect of Dietary Polyphenols, with Special Reference to Willow (Salix spp.) Bark Supplements - A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Saracila ◽  
Tatiana Dumitra Panaite ◽  
Camelia Puia Papuc ◽  
Rodica Diana Criste
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Willow Bark ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Salix Spp

Over the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the use of a wide range of phytoadditives to counteract the harmful effects of heat stress in poultry. Willow (Salix spp.) is a tree with a long history. Among various forms, willow bark is an important natural source of salicin, β-O-glucoside of saligenin, but also of polyphenols (flavonoids and condensed tannins) with antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity. In light of this, the current review presents some literature data aiming to: (1) describe the relationship between heat stress and oxidative stress in broilers, (2) present or summarize literature data on the chemical composition of Salix species, (3) summarize the mechanisms of action of willow bark in heat-stressed broilers, (4) present different biological effects of the extract of Salix species in different experimental models.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical properties of 'sucupira' (Pterodon spp.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Hansen ◽  
Mitsue Haraguchi ◽  
Antonio Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
The Relationship

The plant of the genus Pterodon (Fabaceae, Leguminosae), commonly known as 'sucupira' or 'faveira', are disseminated throughout the central region of Brazil and has frequently been used in popular medicine for its anti-rheumatic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. In recent years, interest in these plants has increased considerably. The biological effects of different phytoextracts and pure metabolites have been investigated in several experimental models in vivo and in vitro. The literature describes flavonoids, triterpene and steroids, while one paper presented studies with proteins isolated from the genus. This review provides an overview of phytochemical and pharmacological research in Pterodon, showing the main chemical compounds studied to date, and focusing on the relationship between these molecules and their biological activity. Furthermore, this study paves the way for more in-depth investigation, isolation and characterization of the molecules of this plant genus.

scholarly journals Reactive Carbonyl SpeciesIn Vivo: Generation and Dual Biological Effects

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halyna M. Semchyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Reactive Carbonyl Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Direct Toxicity ◽  
Reactive Carbonyl

Reactive carbonyls are widespread species in living organisms and mainly known for their damaging effects. The most abundant reactive carbonyl species (RCS) are derived from oxidation of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids. Chemical modification of proteins, nucleic acids, and aminophospholipids by RCS results in cytotoxicity and mutagenicity. In addition to their direct toxicity, modification of biomolecules by RCS gives rise to a multitude of adducts and cross links that are increasingly implicated in aging and pathology of a wide range of human diseases. Understanding of the relationship between metabolism of RCS and the development of pathological disorders and diseases may help to develop effective approaches to prevent a number of disorders and diseases. On the other hand, constant persistence of RCS in cells suggests that they perform some useful role in living organisms. The most beneficial effects of RCS are their establishment as regulators of cell signal transduction and gene expression. Since RCS can modulate different biological processes, new tools are required to decipher the precise mechanisms underlying dual effects of RCS.

scholarly journals TOXICOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEW N-SUBSTITUTED AMINOAMIDES

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
O. S. Kaldyrkaeva ◽  
E. V. Arzamastsev ◽  
E. Ya. Borisova ◽  
O. A. Terekhova ◽  
E. Yu. Afanasieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship

Functionally substituted amines containing amido and amino groups have a wide range of biological effects. Among them substances with various pharmacological activities were identified, and based on them a number of drugs were development. The paper presents toxicological characteristics of new substances and the relationship between the structure and pharmacological activity of aminoamides.

Lymphocyte subsets and adhesion molecules expression in heatstroke and heat stress

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 1615-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad M. Hammami ◽  
Abderrezak Bouchama ◽  
Essam Shail ◽  
Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein ◽  
Sultan Al-Sedairy
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Circulating Lymphocytes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Catecholamine Levels

We examined the specificity of the recently reported alterations in circulating lymphocytes in heatstroke by determining lymphocyte subsets in 14 consecutive heatstroke patients before and after cooling and in 7 heat-stressed controls using single- or two-color immunofluorescence flow cytometry. The relationship with catecholamine levels was also studied. In heatstroke, percentages of T (CD3+/CD19−), T-helper (CD4+/CD8−), T-inactive [CD3+/human leukocyte antigen-DR−], CD11a+, CD11c+, and CD44+lymphocytes were significantly decreased, whereas percentages of T-suppressor-cytotoxic (CD8+/CD4−), natural killer (NK; CD3−/CD16+or CD56+), CD3+/CD16+or CD56+, and CD54+lymphocytes were significantly increased, compared with 11 normal controls. The changes in the absolute numbers of lymphocyte subsets were in the same direction and were significant for T-helper, T-suppressor-cytotoxic, NK, CD3+/CD16+or CD56+, and CD11c+lymphocytes. Milder but significant changes in percentages of T-helper, T-suppressor-cytotoxic, CD11c+, and CD44+lymphocytes were seen in heat stress. Cooling was associated with partial or complete normalization, further derangement (CD11a+, CD11c+), or overcorrection (NK, T-suppressor-cytotoxic, CD11b+) of abnormal percentages of lymphocyte subsets. Norepinephrine levels were significantly elevated in heatstroke (4.7-fold) and heat stress (3.2-fold), but did not significantly correlate with lymphocyte subsets. We conclude that heatstroke is associated with significant changes in percentages and in absolute numbers of a wide range of circulating lymphocyte subsets that are not related to elevated catecholamine levels or totally normalized by cooling. Similar, albeit milder, changes are seen in heat stress, suggesting that the two syndromes represent a continuum.

scholarly journals Scientific background of precision animal nutrition

2012 ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
László Babinszky
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Diet Formulation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Harmful Effects

Precision animal nutrition consists of meeting the nutrient requirements of animals as accurately as possible in the interest of a safe, high-quality and efficient production, besides ensuring the lowest possible load on the environment. This is facilitated by electronic feeding based on IT technology, an important but by far not the only tool of precision nutrition. In the present paper the following most important elements of precision nutrition are discussed: diet formulation, quality control of ingredients and compound feeds, reduction of the harmful effects of heat stress in pigs with different nutritional tools, application of the recent findings of the molecular genetics in animal nutrition, the relationship between genetics and animal  nutrition and reduction of the N and P excretion by nutritional tools.

scholarly journals The development of the digestive system in broiler chickens at different levels of selenium into the mixed fodder

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (84) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Sobolev ◽  
B. Gutyj ◽  
R. Petryszak ◽  
I. Golodjuk ◽  
O. Naumyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Wide Range

Scientific studies of foreign and domestic scientists convincingly proved that selenium is a vitally necessary trace element for farm animals and birds with a wide range of biological effects. It performs unique multifunctional functions in the body – structural, catalytic, regulatory, possesses antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic radioprotective, immunostimulant, antiviral, anti-mutagenic, anti-toxic and adaptogenic properties, participates in the formation of mechanisms that determine the reproductive function of animals and birds, affects osteogenesis, participates in the processes of growth and development. In the scientific and economic research the influence of additives of various doses of selenium into mixed fodder on the development of the digestive system in broiler chickens was studied. As a source of selenium, selenite sodium was used. The research was conducted in the production conditions on broiler chickens of the COOB 500 cross. The duration of the experiment corresponded to the period of growing the young for meat and was 42 days. It was established that the use of selenium in the composition of mixed fodder for broiler chickens at doses of 0.3; 0.4 and 0.5 mg/kg positively influenced the development of the digestive system in young, in particular, contributed to an increase in the mass (by 4.1–11.6%) and total length (1.3–3.5%) of the intestine in general, and its thin and thick parts in particular, as well as the mass of the muscular stomach (17.3–23.2%) and liver (3.6–10.0%). The best macromorphological parameters of the digestive system development were chicken broilers, which, during the entire period of growing, mixed fodder, were enriched with selenium at a rate of 0.3 mg/kg. Comparison of the live weight of broiler chickens of experimental groups with indicators of intestinal development, muscular stomach and liver allows us to assume that the digestive systems in them have been developed better and during the growing period they function more actively.

scholarly journals Trans-fatty acids and cancer: a mini-review

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 1254-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brennan K. Smith ◽  
Lindsay E. Robinson ◽  
Robert Nam ◽  
David W. L. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Relationship

The association between trans-fatty acids (TFA) and cancer risk is poorly understood and remains controversial. It is recognised that unique biological effects are associated with specific isoforms within families of fatty acids such as those belonging to the n-3 fatty acids. Furthermore, the interactions between diet and genetic polymorphisms are increasingly recognised for their potential risk-modifying effects on human health and disease. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to evaluate whether specific TFA isomers and genetic polymorphisms differentially modify cancer risk in prostate, colon and breast cancers in animal and human models. Potential mechanisms of action by which TFA may affect cancer development are also reviewed. Overall, across a number of experimental models and human studies, there is insufficient and inconsistent evidence linking specific TFA isomers to cancers of the prostate, colon and breast. A number of methodological limitations and experimental considerations were identified which may explain the inconsistencies observed across these studies. Therefore, further research is warranted to accurately assess the relationship between TFA and cancer risk.

Effect of the acute heat stress on serum endotoxin concentration and the expression of TLR4 mRNA in liver of Arbor Acres broiler chickens

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-cheng Huang ◽  
Ya-Fen Fu ◽  
Mujeeb Ur Rehman ◽  
Kun Li ◽  
Yan-fang Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Tlr4 Expression ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Endotoxin Concentration ◽  
Tlr4 Mrna ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
Temperature Group ◽  
The Relationship

This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between gut-derived endotoxin and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in the liver of broilers under acute heat stress (AHS). For this purpose, 120 Arbor Acres chicks were randomised into two groups: control temperature group (CT group, 22 ± 1°C) and high temperature group (HT group, 38 ± 1°C). The chicks received AHS at Day 28 and their small intestine, liver and blood samples were collected after 2 h, 5 h and 10 h to examine the histopathology, biochemical parameters, endotoxin concentrations and TLR4 expression. The results showed that damaged intestinal villi and severe congestion of the hepatic sinusoids were observed, especially after 10 h of AHS in the HT group. In addition, the levels of alanine transferase, aspartate transaminase, and direct bilirubin, except alkaline phosphataseafter were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) and total bilirubin (P < 0.01) and albumin (P < 0.05) were decreased after 10 h of AHS as compared with the CT group, which are associated with liver function. Moreover, the mRNA expression of TLR4 in the liver was noticeably upregulated (P < 0.05) during AHS with significantly increased in endotoxin concentration (P < 0.01) of broilers. Altogether, these findings suggest that the upregulated expression of TLR4 mRNA was triggered via gut-derived endotoxin in heat stress-induced liver injury.

scholarly journals A Dietary Sugarcane-Derived Polyphenol Mix Reduces the Negative Effects of Cyclic Heat Exposure on Growth Performance, Blood Gas Status, and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1158
Author(s):  
Majid Shakeri ◽  
Jeremy J. Cottrell ◽  
Stuart Wilkinson ◽  
Hieu H. Le ◽  
Hafiz A. R. Suleria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Temperature Conditions

Heat stress (HS) compromises growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens by interrupting lipid and protein metabolism, resulting in increased oxidative damages. The experiment attempted to investigate whether dietary polyphenols (Polygain (POL)) could ameliorate the aforementioned adverse effects of HS on performance and meat quality. One hundred and twenty one day-old-male chicks were allocated to two temperature conditions, thermoneutral (TN) or HS, and fed with either a control diet (CON) or the CON plus four different doses of POL (2, 4, 6 and 10 g/kg). Heat stress caused respiratory alkalosis as evidenced by increased rectal temperature (p < 0.001) and respiration rate (p < 0.001) due to increased blood pH (p < 0.001). Heat stress decreased final body weight (p = 0.061) and breast muscle water content (p = 0.013) while POL improved both (p = 0.002 and p = 0.003, respectively). Heat stress amplified muscle damages, indicated by increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (p < 0.001) and reduced myofibril fragmentation index (p = 0.006) whereas POL improved both (p = 0.037 and p = 0.092, respectively). Heat stress impaired meat tenderness (p < 0.001) while POL improved it (p = 0.003). In conclusion, HS impaired growth performance and meat quality whereas POL ameliorated these responses in a dose-dependent manner, and effects of POL were evident under both temperature conditions.

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