scholarly journals Trans-fatty acids and cancer: a mini-review

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 1254-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brennan K. Smith ◽  
Lindsay E. Robinson ◽  
Robert Nam ◽  
David W. L. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Relationship

The association between trans-fatty acids (TFA) and cancer risk is poorly understood and remains controversial. It is recognised that unique biological effects are associated with specific isoforms within families of fatty acids such as those belonging to the n-3 fatty acids. Furthermore, the interactions between diet and genetic polymorphisms are increasingly recognised for their potential risk-modifying effects on human health and disease. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to evaluate whether specific TFA isomers and genetic polymorphisms differentially modify cancer risk in prostate, colon and breast cancers in animal and human models. Potential mechanisms of action by which TFA may affect cancer development are also reviewed. Overall, across a number of experimental models and human studies, there is insufficient and inconsistent evidence linking specific TFA isomers to cancers of the prostate, colon and breast. A number of methodological limitations and experimental considerations were identified which may explain the inconsistencies observed across these studies. Therefore, further research is warranted to accurately assess the relationship between TFA and cancer risk.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical properties of 'sucupira' (Pterodon spp.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Hansen ◽  
Mitsue Haraguchi ◽  
Antonio Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
The Relationship

The plant of the genus Pterodon (Fabaceae, Leguminosae), commonly known as 'sucupira' or 'faveira', are disseminated throughout the central region of Brazil and has frequently been used in popular medicine for its anti-rheumatic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. In recent years, interest in these plants has increased considerably. The biological effects of different phytoextracts and pure metabolites have been investigated in several experimental models in vivo and in vitro. The literature describes flavonoids, triterpene and steroids, while one paper presented studies with proteins isolated from the genus. This review provides an overview of phytochemical and pharmacological research in Pterodon, showing the main chemical compounds studied to date, and focusing on the relationship between these molecules and their biological activity. Furthermore, this study paves the way for more in-depth investigation, isolation and characterization of the molecules of this plant genus.

scholarly journals Dietary trans-fatty acid intake in relation to cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Michels ◽  
Ina Olmer Specht ◽  
Berit L Heitmann ◽  
Veronique Chajès ◽  
Inge Huybrechts
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Trans Fatty Acid ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Intake ◽  
Trans Fatty Acid Intake ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Context Apart from ruminant fat, trans-fatty acids are produced during the partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils, (eg, in the production of ultraprocessed foods). Harmful cardiovascular effects of trans-fatty acids are already proven, but the link with cancer risk has not yet been summarized. Objective A systematic review (following PRISMA guidelines) – including observational studies on the association of trans-fatty acid intake with any cancer risk – was conducted, with no limitations on population types. Data Sources The electronic databases PubMed and Embase were searched to identify relevant studies. Data Extraction This systematic review included 46 articles. Quality was assessed via the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-analyses were conducted if at least 4 articles exploring the same transfat-cancer pairings were found. Data analysis Nineteen cancer types have been researched in cohort and case-control studies on trans-fatty acids, with breast cancer (n = 17), prostate cancer (n = 11), and colorectal cancer (n = 9) as the most researched. The meta-analyses on total trans-fat showed a significant positive association for prostate cancer (odds ratio [OR] 1.49; 95%CI, 1.13–1.95) and colorectal cancer (OR 1.26; 95%CI, 1.08–1.46) but not for breast cancer (OR 1.12; 95%CI, 0.99–1.26), ovarian cancer (OR 1.10; 95%CI, 0.94–1.28), or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (OR 1.32; 95%CI, 0.99–1.76). Results were dependent on the fatty acid subtype, with even cancer-protective associations for some partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. Enhancing moderators in the positive transfat-cancer relation were gender (direction was cancer-site specific), European ancestry, menopause, older age, and overweight. Conclusion Despite heterogeneity, higher risk of prostate and colorectal cancer by high consumption of trans-fatty acids was found. Future studies need methodological improvements (eg, using long-term follow-up cancer data and intake biomarkers). Owing to the lack of studies testing trans-fatty acid subtypes in standardized ways, it is not clear which subtypes (eg, ruminant sources) are more carcinogenic. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42018105899

scholarly journals The relationship of plasma Trans fatty acids with dietary inflammatory index among US adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mazidi ◽  
Hong-kai Gao ◽  
Nitin Shivappa ◽  
Michael D. Wirth ◽  
James R Hebert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Polyunsaturated and Trans Fatty Acids During Pregnancy and Offspring Weight Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Ren ◽  
Birgitta Lind Vilhjálmsdóttir ◽  
Jeanett Friis Rohde ◽  
Karen Christina Walker ◽  
Suzanne Elizabeth Runstedt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Neonatal Blood ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Long Term Studies

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and trans fatty acids (TFAs) may have an impact on offspring weight development. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis according to PRISMA guidelines to evaluate whether levels of these fatty acids during pregnancy influenced offspring weight development. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with DHA and/or EPA supplementation or cohort studies, which examined levels of DHA, EPA, or TFAs in maternal or neonatal blood samples and recorded offspring weight, were included. Overall, 27 RCTs and 14 observational studies were identified. The results showed that DHA and/or EPA supplementation doses >650 mg/day resulted in slightly higher birth weight (MD 87.5 g, 95% CI 52.3–122.6, n = 3,831) and combined BMI and BMI z score at 5–10 years (SMD 0.11, 95% CI 0.04–0.18, n = 3,220). These results were rated as moderate quality. Results from the observational studies were generally inconsistent. High TFA levels during pregnancy seemed to be associated with lower birth weight. Finally, this review and meta-analysis supports a relationship between high maternal or neonatal DHA and/or EPA levels and higher offspring birth weight and weight in childhood. More high-quality long-term studies are still needed.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Action of trans Fatty Acids

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antwi-Boasiako Oteng ◽  
Sander Kersten
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins

ABSTRACT Human studies have established a positive association between the intake of industrial trans fatty acids and the development of cardiovascular diseases, leading several countries to enact laws that restrict the presence of industrial trans fatty acids in food products. However, trans fatty acids cannot be completely eliminated from the human diet since they are also naturally present in meat and dairy products of ruminant animals. Moreover, bans on industrial trans fatty acids have not yet been instituted in all countries. The epidemiological evidence against trans fatty acids by far overshadows mechanistic insights that may explain how trans fatty acids achieve their damaging effects. This review focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the deleterious effects of trans fatty acids by juxtaposing effects of trans fatty acids against those of cis-unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids (SFAs). This review also carefully explores the argument that ruminant trans fatty acids have differential effects from industrial trans fatty acids. Overall, in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate that industrial trans fatty acids promote inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, although to a lesser degree than SFAs, whereas cis-unsaturated fatty acids are protective against ER stress and inflammation. Additionally, industrial trans fatty acids promote fat storage in the liver at the expense of adipose tissue compared with cis-unsaturated fatty acids and SFAs. In cultured hepatocytes and adipocytes, industrial trans fatty acids, but not cis-unsaturated fatty acids or SFAs, stimulate the cholesterol synthesis pathway by activating sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) 2–mediated gene regulation. Interestingly, although industrial and ruminant trans fatty acids show similar effects on human plasma lipoproteins, in preclinical models, only industrial trans fatty acids promote inflammation, ER stress, and cholesterol synthesis. Overall, clearer insight into the molecular mechanisms of action of trans fatty acids may create new therapeutic windows for the treatment of diseases characterized by disrupted lipid metabolism.

Trans fatty acids and atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome: The relationship with a free radical cis-trans isomerization of membrane lipids

Lipids ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 661-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Ferreri ◽  
Federica Angelini ◽  
Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu ◽  
Sergio Dellonte ◽  
Viviana Moschese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Atopic Eczema ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Trans Isomerization ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Plasma Trans Fatty Acid Levels, Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle: Results from the Akershus Cardiac Examination 1950 Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1419
Author(s):  
Anupam Chandra ◽  
Magnus Nakrem Lyngbakken ◽  
Ivar Anders Eide ◽  
Helge Røsjø ◽  
Thea Vigen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Relationship

Intake of industrially produced trans fatty acids (iTFAs) has previously been associated with dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hypertension and inflammation, as well as increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. iTFA intake declined in Norway after the introduction of legislative bans against iTFA consumption. However, the relationship between the current iTFA intake and CV health is unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between current iTFA intake, reflected by plasma iTFA levels, and established CV risk factors. We also examined the associations between plasma ruminant TFA levels and CV risk factors. In this cross-sectional study, we included 3706 participants from a Norwegian general population, born in 1950 and residing in Akershus County, Norway. The statistical method was multivariable linear regression. Plasma iTFA levels were inversely associated with serum triglycerides (p < 0.001), fasting plasma glucose (p < 0.001), body mass index (p < 0.001), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.001 and p = 0.03) and C-reactive protein (p = 0.001). Furthermore, high plasma iTFA levels were associated with higher education and less smoking and alcohol consumption. We found that plasma ruminant trans fatty acids (rTFA) levels were favorably associated with CV risk factors. Furthermore, plasma iTFA levels were inversely associated with CV risk factors. However, our results might have been driven by lifestyle factors. Overall, our findings suggest that the current low intake of iTFAs in Norway does not constitute a threat to CV health.

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