scholarly journals Nutrigenomics of Dietary Lipids

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 994
Author(s):  
Laura Bordoni ◽  
Irene Petracci ◽  
Fanrui Zhao ◽  
Weihong Min ◽  
Elisa Pierella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Current Evidence

Dietary lipids have a major role in nutrition, not only for their fuel value, but also as essential and bioactive nutrients. This narrative review aims to describe the current evidence on nutrigenomic effects of dietary lipids. Firstly, the different chemical and biological properties of fatty acids contained both in plant- and animal-based food are illustrated. A description of lipid bioavailability, bioaccessibility, and lipotoxicity is provided, together with an overview of the modulatory role of lipids as pro- or anti-inflammatory agents. Current findings concerning the metabolic impact of lipids on gene expression, epigenome, and gut microbiome in animal and human studies are summarized. Finally, the effect of the individual’s genetic make-up on lipid metabolism is described. The main goal is to provide an overview about the interaction between dietary lipids and the genome, by identifying and discussing recent scientific evidence, recognizing strengths and weaknesses, to address future investigations and fill the gaps in the current knowledge on metabolic impact of dietary fats on health.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic: current knowledge about the role of pets and other animals in disease transmission

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Kiros ◽  
Henok Andualem ◽  
Teklehaimanot Kiros ◽  
Wasihun Hailemichael ◽  
Sisay Getu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19), a disease caused by a pathogen called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a pandemic. This ongoing pandemic has now been reported in 215 countries with more than 23 million confirmed cases and more than 803 thousand deaths worldwide as of August 22, 2020. Although efforts are undergoing, there is no approved vaccine or any specific antiretroviral drug to treat COVID-19 so far. It is now known that SARS-CoV-2 can affect not only humans but also pets and other domestic and wild animals, making it a one health global problem. Several published scientific evidence has shown that bats are the initial reservoir hosts of SARS-CoV-2, and pangolins are suggested as an intermediate hosts. So far, little is known concerning the role of pets and other animals in the transmission of COVID-19. Therefore, updated knowledge about the potential role of pets in the current outbreak will be of paramount importance for effective prevention and control of the disease. This review summarized the current evidence about the role of pets and other animals in the transmission of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Dietary Fats and Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley Billingsley ◽  
Salvatore Carbone ◽  
Carl Lavie
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health

The role of dietary fat has been long studied as a modifiable variable in the prevention and treatment of noncommunicable cardiometabolic disease. Once heavily promoted to the public, the low-fat diet has been demonstrated to be non-effective in preventing cardiometabolic disease, and an increasing body of literature has focused on the effects of a relatively higher-fat diet. More recent evidence suggests that a diet high in healthy fat, rich in unsaturated fatty acids, such as the Mediterranean dietary pattern, may, in fact, prevent the development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, but also reduce cardiovascular events. This review will specifically focus on clinical trials which collected data on dietary fatty acid intake, and the association of these fatty acids over time with measured cardiometabolic health outcomes, specifically focusing on morbidity and mortality outcomes. We will also describe mechanistic studies investigating the role of dietary fatty acids on cardiovascular risk factors to describe the potential mechanisms of action through which unsaturated fatty acids may exert their beneficial effects. The state of current knowledge on the associations between dietary fatty acids and cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality outcomes will be summarized and directions for future work will be discussed.

193 Single Cell RNA-sequencing Reveals a Role of Lipid Metabolism in Muscle Satellite Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 104-105
Author(s):  
Shihuan Kuang ◽  
Feng Yue ◽  
Stephanie Oprescu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Droplet Dynamics ◽  
Single Cell Rna Sequencing

Abstract Single Cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a powerful technique to deconvolute gene expression of various subset of cells intermingled within a complex tissue, such as the skeletal muscle. We first used scRNA-seq to understand dynamics of cell populations and their gene expression during muscle regeneration in murine limb muscles. This leads to the identification of a subset of satellite cells (the resident stem cells of skeletal muscles) with immune gene signatures in regenerating muscles. Next, we used scRNA-seq to examine gene expression dynamics of satellite cells at various status: quiescence, activation, proliferation, differentiation and self-renewal. This analysis uncovers stage-dependent changes in expression of genes related to lipid metabolism. Further analyses lead to the discovery of previously unappreciated dynamics of lipid droplets in satellite cells; and demonstrate that the abundance of the lipid droplets in newly divided satellite daughter cells is linked to cell fate segregation into differentiation versus self-renewal. Perturbation of lipid droplet dynamics through blocking lipolysis disrupts cell fate homeostasis and impairs muscle regeneration. Finally, we show that lipid metabolism regulates the function of satellite cells through two mechanisms. On one hand, lipid metabolism functions as an energy source through fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and blockage of FAO reduces energy production that is critical for satellite cell function. On the other hand, lipid metabolism generates bioactive molecules that influence signaling transduction and gene expression. In this scenario, lipid metabolism and FAO regulate the intracellular levels of acetyl-coA and selective acetylation of PAX7, a pivotal transcriptional factor underlying function of satellite cells. These results together reveal for the first time a critical role of lipid metabolism and lipid droplet dynamics in muscle satellite cell fate determination and regenerative function; and underscore a potential role of dietary fatty acids in satellite cell-dependent muscle development, growth and regeneration.

scholarly journals Blood phenylalanine reduction reverses gene expression changes observed in a mouse model of phenylketonuria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachna Manek ◽  
Yao V. Zhang ◽  
Patricia Berthelette ◽  
Mahmud Hossain ◽  
Cathleen S. Cornell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Phenylalanine Hydroxylase ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Blood Phenylalanine ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Unknown Lipid ◽  
Pah Gene

AbstractPhenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) in liver resulting in blood phenylalanine (Phe) elevation and neurotoxicity. A pegylated phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PEG-PAL) metabolizing Phe into cinnamic acid was recently approved as treatment for PKU patients. A potentially one-time rAAV-based delivery of PAH gene into liver to convert Phe into tyrosine (Tyr), a normal way of Phe metabolism, has now also entered the clinic. To understand differences between these two Phe lowering strategies, we evaluated PAH and PAL expression in livers of PAHenu2 mice on brain and liver functions. Both lowered brain Phe and increased neurotransmitter levels and corrected animal behavior. However, PAL delivery required dose optimization, did not elevate brain Tyr levels and resulted in an immune response. The effect of hyperphenylalanemia on liver functions in PKU mice was assessed by transcriptome and proteomic analyses. We observed an elevation in Cyp4a10/14 proteins involved in lipid metabolism and upregulation of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. Majority of the gene expression changes were corrected by PAH and PAL delivery though the role of these changes in PKU pathology is currently unclear. Taken together, here we show that blood Phe lowering strategy using PAH or PAL corrects both brain pathology as well as previously unknown lipid metabolism associated pathway changes in liver.

scholarly journals Wound Healing and Omega-6 Fatty Acids: From Inflammation to Repair

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica R. Silva ◽  
Beatriz Burger ◽  
Carolina M. C. Kühl ◽  
Thamiris Candreva ◽  
Mariah B. P. dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Phagocytic Capacity ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Species Survival ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Cell Migration And Proliferation

Wound healing is an evolutionarily conserved process that is essential for species survival. Wound healing involves a series of biochemical and cellular events that are tightly controlled, divided into 3 concomitant and overlapping phases: inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. Poor wound healing or a chronic wound represents a silent epidemic that affects billions of people worldwide. Considering the involvement of immune cells in its resolution, recent studies are focused on investigating the roles of immune nutrients such as amino acids, minerals, and fatty acids on wound healing. Among the fatty acids, much attention has been given to omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids since they can modulate cell migration and proliferation, phagocytic capacity, and production of inflammatory mediators. The present review summarizes current knowledge about the role of ω-6 fatty acids in the wound healing context.

scholarly journals Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in membranes are determined by the gene expression of their metabolizing enzymes SCD1 and ELOVL6 regulated by the intake of dietary fat

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 2759-2769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Weiss-Hersh ◽  
Ada L. Garcia ◽  
Tamás Marosvölgyi ◽  
Mónika Szklenár ◽  
Tamás Decsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Hepatic Gene Expression ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Plasma Phospholipids

Abstract Purpose We investigated the effect of dietary fats on the incorporation of saturated (SAFAs) and monounsaturated dietary fatty acids (MUFAs) into plasma phospholipids and the regulation of the expression of lipid-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. Methods Mice were fed different diets containing commonly used dietary fats/oils (coconut fat, margarine, fish oil, sunflower oil, or olive oil) for 4 weeks (n = 6 per diet group). In a second experiment, mice (n = 6 per group) were treated for 7 days with synthetic ligands to activate specific nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) and the hepatic gene expression of CYP26A1 was investigated. Hepatic gene expression of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1), elongase 6 (ELOVL6), and CYP26A1 was examined using quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR). Fatty acid composition in mouse plasma phospholipids was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). Results We found significantly reduced hepatic gene expression of SCD1 and ELOVL6 after the fish oil diet compared with the other diets. This resulted in reduced enzyme-specific fatty acid ratios, e.g., 18:1n9/18:0 for SCD1 and 18:0/16:0 and 18:1n7/16:1n7 for ELOVL6 in plasma phospholipids. Furthermore, CYP26A1 a retinoic acid receptor-specific target was revealed as a new player mediating the suppressive effect of fish oil-supplemented diet on SCD1 and ELOVL6 hepatic gene expression. Conclusion Plasma levels of MUFAs and SAFAs strongly reflect an altered hepatic fatty acid-metabolizing enzyme expression after supplementation with different dietary fats/oils.

scholarly journals Intestinal miRNAs regulated in response to dietary lipids

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Gil-Zamorano ◽  
João Tomé-Carneiro ◽  
María-Carmen Lopez de las Hazas ◽  
Lorena del Pozo-Acebo ◽  
M. Carmen Crespo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Metabolism Regulation

Abstract The role of miRNAs in intestinal lipid metabolism is poorly described. The small intestine is constantly exposed to high amounts of dietary lipids, and it is under conditions of stress that the functions of miRNAs become especially pronounced. Approaches consisting in either a chronic exposure to cholesterol and triglyceride rich diets (for several days or weeks) or an acute lipid challenge were employed in the search for intestinal miRNAs with a potential role in lipid metabolism regulation. According to our results, changes in miRNA expression in response to fat ingestion are dependent on factors such as time upon exposure, gender and small intestine section. Classic and recent intestinal in vitro models (i.e. differentiated Caco-2 cells and murine organoids) partially mirror miRNA modulation in response to lipid challenges in vivo. Moreover, intestinal miRNAs might play a role in triglyceride absorption and produce changes in lipid accumulation in intestinal tissues as seen in a generated intestinal Dicer1-deletion murine model. Overall, despite some variability between the different experimental cohorts and in vitro models, results show that some miRNAs analysed here are modulated in response to dietary lipids, hence likely to participate in the regulation of lipid metabolism, and call for further research.

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