scholarly journals Oxidative-Stress-Induced Cellular Toxicity and Glycoxidation of Biomolecules by Cosmetic Products under Sunlight Exposure

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1008
Author(s):  
Syed Faiz Mujtaba ◽  
Agha Parvez Masih ◽  
Ibrahim Alqasmi ◽  
Ahmad Alsulimani ◽  
Faizan Haider Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Hair Dyes

Cosmetics, commonly known as ‘makeup’ are products that can enhance the appearance of the human body. Cosmetic products include hair dyes, shampoos, skincare, sunscreens, kajal, and other makeup products. Cosmetics are generally applied throughout the face and over the neck region. Sunlight has different wavelengths of light, which include UV-A, UV-B, UV-C, and other radiations. Most cosmetic products have absorption maxima (λmax) in the range of visible light and UV-R. The effect of light-induced photosensitization of cosmetic products, which results in the production of free radicals through type-I and type-II photosensitization mechanisms. Free-radicals-mediated DNA damage and oxidative stress are common consequences of cosmetic phototoxicity. Cosmetic phototoxicity may include percutaneous absorption, skin irritation, eye irritation, photosensitization, mutagenicity, and genotoxicity. Oxidative stress induces membrane lipid peroxidation, glycoxidation, and protein covalent modifications, resulting in their dysfunction. Natural antioxidants inhibit oxidative-stress-induced cosmetic toxicity. Sunlight-induced photodegradation and accumulation of cosmetic photoproducts are also a matter of serious concern. India has tropical weather conditions throughout the year and generally, a majority of human activities such as commerce, agriculture, sports, etc. are performed under bright sunlight conditions. Thus, more focused and dedicated research is warranted to explore the effects of cosmetics on oxidative stress, glycoxidation of biomolecules, and photoproducts accumulation for its total human safety.

scholarly journals Battle between plants as antioxidants with free radicals in human body

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Jamshidi-kia ◽  
Joko Priyanto Wibowo ◽  
Mostafa Elachouri ◽  
Rohollah Masumi ◽  
Alizamen Salehifard-Jouneghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants

Free radicals are constructed by natural physiological activities in the human cells as well as in the environment. They may be produced as a result of diet, smoking, exercise, inflammation, exposure to sunlight, air pollutants, stress, alcohol and drugs. Imbalanced redox status may lead to cellular oxidative stress, which can damage the cells of the body, resulting in an incidence of various diseases. If the endogenous antioxidants do not stop the production of reactive metabolites, they will be needed to bring about a balance in redox status. Natural antioxidants, for example plants, play an important part in this context. This paper seeks to report the available evidence about oxidative stress and the application of plants as antioxidant agents to fight free radicals in the human body. For this purpose, to better understand oxidative stress, the principles of free radical production, the role of free radicals in diseases, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and the role of herbs and diet in oxidative stress are discussed.

PERBEDAAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN ANTARA EKSTRAK BUAH KIWI DAN APEL SECARA IN VITRO

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Nur Ariska Nugrahani
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Kiwi Fruit ◽  
Dpph Method

Radikal bebas yang berbahaya jika konsentrasi ROS akan meningkat sehingga akan mengakibatkan stress oksidatif. Stress oksidatif biasanya disebabkan oleh konsentrasi tinggi dari radikal bebas dalam sel dan jaringan yang dapat diinduksi oleh beberapa faktor negatif seperti gamma, UV, radiasi sinar-X, tekanan psiko-emosional dan makanan yang tercemar.Untuk meminimalisir radikal bebas dalam tubuh diperlukan antioksidan alami seperti ekstrak buah kiwi dan ekstrak buah apel. Uji aktivitas antioksidan pada masing- masing ekstrak dilakukan dengan metode DPPH (1,1- difenil-2-pikrihidazil). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa nilai IC50 dari ekstrak buah kiwi lebih rendah daripada IC50 ekstrak buah apel. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak buah kiwi mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan lebih kuat dari ekstrak buah apel. Keyword : Radikal bebas, DPPH, Ekstrak buah kiwi, Ekstrak buah apel Free radicals will be dangerous if the ROS concentration will increase and causes oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is usually caused by high concentrations of free radicals in cells and tissues which can be induced by several negative factors such as gamma, UV, X-ray radiation, psycho-emotional pressure and contaminated food. To minimize free radicals in the body natural antioxidants such as kiwi fruit extract and apple extract. The antioxidant activity test on each extract was carried out by the DPPH method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrihydazyl). The results showed that IC50 value of kiwi fruit extract was lower than IC50 of apple fruit extract. This shows that kiwi fruit extract has stronger antioxidant activity than apple extract. Keyword : free radicals, DPPH, kiwi fruit extract, apple fruit extract

scholarly journals POTENSI ANTIOKSIDAN ALAMI PADA EKSTRAK DAUN JAMBLANG (Syzigium cumini (L.) Skeels)

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Ayu Nirmala Sari
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Content ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
In Cells

Various diseases can be triggered by the condition of oxidative stress in the body. Oxidative stress is a condition that occurs in cells when free radicals are present in excess amounts. To reduce the negative effects and negative effects of these free radicals, the body needs antioxidants. The aim of this research is to know the antioxidant potential of black plum leaf extract (Syzigium cumini (L.) Skeel) using DPPH method. Based on the results of antioxidant potential testing in black plum leaf extract known that it has antioxidant content that is classified as very active with an IC 50 value of 8.85. The results of this study indicate that the leaves of black plum (Syzigium cumini (L.) Skeel have the potential to be developed as a source of natural antioxidants for humans.

scholarly journals Kajian potensi antioksidan dari tanaman herbal dan pengaruhnya terhadap penyakit Parkinson

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-95
Author(s):  
Indri Nuraeni Pratiwi ◽  
◽  
Widhya Aligita ◽  
Marita Kaniawati ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Neuron Damage ◽  
Herbal Plants

Background: Parkinson's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting more than 10 million people worldwide. This disease is characterized by progressive dopaminergic neuron damage in the substantia nigra. This damage can be triggered by aging and the presence of oxidative stress because of free radicals. Antioxidants can inhibit the formation of free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, so they can be used as an alternative treatment for Parkinson's disease. Objective: This review article aimed to provide information about the antioxidant effects of selected herbal plants on Parkinson's disease. Method: This study used literature study methods sourced from national and international scientific journals published in the last 5 years (2016-2020). Literature search were carried out using databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed®, ScienceDirect, and Garuda Portal. Results: The high content of antioxidants in plants could protect nerve cells from oxidative damage and reduce symptoms such as tremors, muscle stiffness, impaired coordination and motor balance in test animals. Conclusion: Natural antioxidants from herbal plants proved to be able to prevent oxidative stress caused by free radicals and reduce symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Keywords: Parkinson's disease, antioxidants, oxidative stress, herbal plants

Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Phloroglucinol

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 468-475 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Dermal Absorption ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Hair Dyes ◽  
Carcinogenicity Study

The aromatic alcohol Phloroglucinol is used in several hair dyes and colors as an antioxidant and hair colorant. Current data on use concentrations was not available. In rats, Phloroglucinol has an LD50 of 5.2 g/kg. Subcutaneous injections of unrefined 0.05 M and 0.01 M solutions of Phloroglucinol caused positive dermal reactions in guinea pigs at both activation and challenge. At a concentration of 3.0 mg/ml, Phloroglucinol induced Trp+ revertants in Saccharomyces and induced chromosome breaks in CHO cells, with and without metabolic activation. These data are not sufficient to demonstrate the safety of Phloroglucinol. Additional data are needed, including information on purity/impurities; types of cosmetic products in which and the typical concentrations at which the ingredient is used; 28-day dermal toxicity study in animals, and depending on the results, dermal absorption, metabolism, and distribution data may be needed; and, if significantly absorbed, dermal reproduction and developmental toxicity (including teratogenicity) data may be needed; human skin irritation data; data from two different genotoxicity assays (one using a mammalian system); and, if the genotoxicity studies are positive, data from an animal carcinogenicity study done by NTP methods is needed. On the basis of the available data, it cannot be concluded that Phloroglucinol is safe for use in cosmetic products.

A Review on Free Radicals and Antioxidants

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hourieh Alkadi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Present Review ◽  
The Relationship

:Free radicals are generated in our body by several systems. A balance among free radicals and antioxidants is an important matter for appropriate physiological function. If free radicals become greater than the ability of the body to control them, a case known as oxidative stress appears, as a result of that, a number of human diseases spread in the body. Antioxidants can contribute to facingthis oxidative stress. The present review provides a brief overview of free radicals, oxidative stress, some natural antioxidants and the relationship between them.

scholarly journals Potensi Cengkeh sebagai Pencegah Kerusakan Mata Akibat Stres Oksidatif

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Aulia Fasya ◽  
Hans Pratama Assidiqy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Visual Damage ◽  
Eye Tissues ◽  
Stress Oxidative

Mata berpotensi mengalami kerusakan yang cukup tinggi karena rentan terhadap paparan radikal bebas. Radikal bebas dapat berasal dari proses metabolik tubuh dan faktor lingkungan yang dapat menginisiasi stres oksidatif. Stres oksidatif dapat menyebabkan terjadinya keruskan DNA, peroksidase lipid dan protein yang dapat mengakibatkan peradangan kronis dan disfungsi pada jaringan mata. Kerusakan pada jaringan mata yang disebabkan oleh stres oksidatif dapat diatasi dengan antioksidan, yang mana antioksidan alami dapat ditemukan dalam sayur-sayuran, buah-buahan, dan rempah. Cengkeh merupakan salah satu tanaman rempah di Indonesia yang bagian tunas, tangkai bunga dan daunnya dapat dimanfaatkan. Kandungan tinggi antioksidan pada cengkeh yaitu eugenol, flavonoid, asam hidroksibenzoat, asam hidroksisinamat serta vitamin C dan E. Antioksidan berperan dalam menghambat pembentukan katarak, melindungi mata dari bahaya kerusakan dan masalah penglihatan melalui pengikatan radikal bebas yang sangat reaktif sehingga dapat menghambat reaksi oksidasi. Tujuan literatur review untuk mengetahui potensi cengkeh sebagai pencegah kerusakan mata akibat stress oksidatif pada manusia. Menggunakan artikel penelitian yang didapat melalui proses literature searching dan buku terkait potensi cengkeh sebagai pencegah kerusakan mata akibat stres oksidatif dari tahun 2004 sampai dengan tahun 2019 dengan jumlah artikel sebanyak 23 artikel. Berbagai penelitian eksperimental yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa cengkeh bermanfaat sebagai pencegah kerusakan mata akibat stres oksidatif. Kata kunci: antioksidan, cengkeh, stres oksidatif  POTENTIAL OF CLOVES TO PREVENT VISUAL DAMAGE DUE TO OXIDATIVE STRESS                                                                                         ABSTRACT There is a high risk of visual damage due to free radical exposure. Free Radicals from Metabolic byproduct and other environmental factors could potentially initiate oxidative stress. Oxidative stress would cause damage towards DNA, lipid peroxidase and proteins which would cause chronic inflammation and dysfunction in eye tissues. Visual damage due to oxidative stress could be resolved using natural antioxidants found in vegetables, fruits and spices. Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) are one of the most versatile spices in Indonesia, where the bud, the stem and the leaf could be used. Large levels of antioxidants such as eugenol, flavonoids, hydroxybenzoate acids, hydroxycinnamic acids as well as vitamin C and E are found in cloves. Antioxidants have a preventive role in cataract development, as well as protecting the eye from degeneration and visual acuity difficulties through binding with profoundly reactive free radicals, decreasing the pace of oxidation. The purpose of this review literature is to determine the potential of cloves to prevent visual damage due to oxidative stressin humans. Using research articles obtained through the process of searching literature and books related tothe potential of cloves to prevent visual damage due to oxidative stress from 2004 to 2019 with 23 articles. Various experimental studies conducted showed that cloves are useful to prevent visual damage due to oxidative stress in humans.  Keyword : antioxidants, cloves, oxidative stress

scholarly journals EVALUACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE DEL NONI (Morinda citrifolia L.) EN TRES ESTADOS DE MADUREZ EN TINGO MARIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Palabras Clave

EVALUACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE DEL NONI (Morinda citrifolia L.) EN TRES ESTADOS DE MADUREZ EN TINGO MARIA ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF NONI (Morinda citrifolia L.) FROM THREE MATURITY STAGES HARVESTED IN TINGO MARIA Joel P. Sullón Vargas, Elizabeth S. Ordóñez Gómez, Johan G. Vela Romero, Manuel Sandoval Chacón DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2009.0004/ RESUMEN En la actualidad existe mucho interés por la búsqueda de antioxidantes de fuentes naturales incluyendo el noni (Morinda citrifolia L.). Su consumo es promocionado debido a sus propiedades funcionales que posee. El objetivo fue determinar el contenido de ácido ascórbico, polifenoles totales y actividad antioxidante del jugo de noni en tres estados de madurez: pintón, maduro y sobre maduro. Los antioxidantes analizados fueron: ácido ascórbico y polifenoles totales. La actividad antioxidante se midió utilizando los métodos: DPPH, ABTSº+ y Peroxilo. Los resultados indican que el fruto en estado maduro tuvo el mayor contenido de ácido ascórbico 253±1,9mgAA/100ml; y polifenoles totales 232±6,8 mg de catequina/100ml de jugo de noni. Para el radical DPPH se encontró como mejor tratamiento en el estado maduro IC50 149,5±0,6ug/ml; en el método del catión ABTSº+ se encontró que el estado de madurez pintón ejerció mayor efecto sobre la capacidad antioxidante IC50 145,5±0,6ug/ml y este mismo estado de madurez fue el mejor en el radical peroxilo IC50 106,1±2,0ug/ml. En consecuencia, el consumidor dispone de un fruto rico en antioxidantes, que podrían ayudar a aliviar problemas de salud asociados a estrés oxidativo y enfermedades crónicas. Palabras clave: Noni, Acido ascórbico, Polifenoles totales, Antioxidantes, Radicales libres. ABSTRACT There is a lot of interest to find antioxidants from natural resources, especially fruits that grow well in the Peruvian Amazon such as noni (Morinda citrifolia L.). This fruit is being used by the nutraceutical industry because of its functional properties. However, its antioxidant capacity has not being fully investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of ascorbic acid, total polyphenols and antioxidant activity of noni juice under three maturity stages: unripe, ripe and over-ripe. Ascorbic acid and total polyphenols were determined by spectrophotometry. The antioxidant activity was quantified using the DPPH, ABTSº+ and peroxyl methods. Result from the ripe noni had the highest content of ascorbic acid 253±1,9mgAA/100ml) and total polyphenols 23±6,8mg de catechin/100ml. DPPH results showed that the best treatment was ripe noni IC50 149,5±0,6ug/ml. However, unripe noni provided best results for ABTSº+ (IC50 145,5±0,6ug/ml) and peroxyl inhibition (IC50 106,1±2,0ug/ml). Collectively, our results demonstrated that a juice prepared with unripe and ripe noni could significant amounts of natural antioxidants and help alleviate oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Keywords: Noni, Ascorbic acid, Total polyphenols, Antioxidants, Free radicals.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress, antioxidants, and reproductive problems during the pandemic (clinical lecture)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Borisov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Cell Structures

Oxidative stress (OS) results from imbalance between the inherent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the capture of ROS by natural antioxidants in the living organism, as well as from failure of antioxidant systems involving cells’ exposure to excess levels of ROC, molecular oxygen or its active forms (free radicals). Pathologic conditions result in imbalance between the quantity of ROC and free radicals produced, and the possibilities of their utilization. Consequently, free radicals, that the antioxidant systems have been unable to neutralize, damage cell structures (membranes, mitochondria, DNA, etc.). These processes occur both in germ cells (sperm, oocytes), and spermoplasm. In fact, a number of recent studies have confirmed that COVID-19 is a gender-related disorder: most patients with severe infection are males. Studying the viral entry mechanism has revealed that it may cause the profound damage to cells of reproductive system, and lead to delayed reproductive function impairment in young men and adolescents. Vitamin and mineral supplementation with optimum proportion of ingredients may be used as an efficient reinforcement for therapy aimed at fertility preservation and restoration in the current context of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Dietary Thiols: A Potential Supporting Strategy against Oxidative Stress in Heart Failure and Muscular Damage during Sports Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9424
Author(s):  
Mariarita Brancaccio ◽  
Cristina Mennitti ◽  
Arturo Cesaro ◽  
Fabio Fimiani ◽  
Elisabetta Moscarella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Oxygen Free Radicals ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Free Oxygen Radicals

Moderate exercise combined with proper nutrition are considered protective factors against cardiovascular disease and musculoskeletal disorders. However, physical activity is known not only to have positive effects. In fact, the achievement of a good performance requires a very high oxygen consumption, which leads to the formation of oxygen free radicals, responsible for premature cell aging and diseases such as heart failure and muscle injury. In this scenario, a primary role is played by antioxidants, in particular by natural antioxidants that can be taken through the diet. Natural antioxidants are molecules capable of counteracting oxygen free radicals without causing cellular cytotoxicity. In recent years, therefore, research has conducted numerous studies on the identification of natural micronutrients, in order to prevent or mitigate oxidative stress induced by physical activity by helping to support conventional drug therapies against heart failure and muscle damage. The aim of this review is to have an overview of how controlled physical activity and a diet rich in antioxidants can represent a “natural cure” to prevent imbalances caused by free oxygen radicals in diseases such as heart failure and muscle damage. In particular, we will focus on sulfur-containing compounds that have the ability to protect the body from oxidative stress. We will mainly focus on six natural antioxidants: glutathione, taurine, lipoic acid, sulforaphane, garlic and methylsulfonylmethane.

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