scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Viral Infections, including COVID-19

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1294
Author(s):  
Stela Dragomanova ◽  
Simona Miteva ◽  
Ferdinando Nicoletti ◽  
Katia Mangano ◽  
Paolo Fagone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Alpha Lipoic Acid ◽  
Pathogenetic Role ◽  
Potential Use

Oxidative stress (OS), resulting from a disrupted balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protective antioxidants, is thought to play an important pathogenetic role in several diseases, including viral infections. Alpha-lipoic acid (LA) is one of the most-studied and used natural compounds, as it is endowed with a well-defined antioxidant and immunomodulatory profile. Owing to these properties, LA has been tested in several chronic immunoinflammatory conditions, such as diabetic neuropathy and metabolic syndrome. In addition, a pharmacological antiviral profile of LA is emerging, that has attracted attention on the possible use of this compound for the cotreatment of several viral infections. Here, we will review the emerging literature on the potential use of LA in viral infections, including COVID-19.

scholarly journals Sources of ROS Species an Its Harmful and Benefical Effects on Human Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidra Munir
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Partial Oxidation ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Essential Function

When the antioxidants in our immune system cannot neutralize or convert Reactive oxygen species into safe molecules at the rate at which it is produced then this imbalance is termed as “oxidative stress”. It is related with a wide array of diseases that includes cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension etc. These ROS species however are utmost essential for the proper functioning of human body which are produced as a consequence of partial oxidation of cellular metabolism performing essential functions such as protein phosphorylation, activation of several transcriptional factors, apoptosis, immunity, and differentiation. The sources by which these are produced can be broadly classified are intrinsic and extrinsic sources. There are variety of natural antioxidant enzymes of human body that combat against this oxidative stress. The extrinsic sources of ROS include the use of natural plants, extracted flavonoids and vitamins. In this review we will briefly explain how the sources of ROS, its essential function in human body, its elevation and associated damage to organs and effect on various diseases, and a hope of finding a way of how this oxidative stress can be exploited for therapeutic potential.

scholarly journals PGC-1α, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress: An Integrative View in Metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Rius-Pérez ◽  
Isabel Torres-Cuevas ◽  
Iván Millán ◽  
Ángel L. Ortega ◽  
Salvador Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Integrative View

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (PGC)-1α is a transcriptional coactivator described as a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and function, including oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species detoxification. PGC-1α is highly expressed in tissues with high energy demands, and it is clearly associated with the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and its principal complications including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and hepatic steatosis. We herein review the molecular pathways regulated by PGC-1α, which connect oxidative stress and mitochondrial metabolism with inflammatory response and metabolic syndrome. PGC-1α regulates the expression of mitochondrial antioxidant genes, including manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxiredoxin 3 and 5, uncoupling protein 2, thioredoxin 2, and thioredoxin reductase and thus prevents oxidative injury and mitochondrial dysfunction. Dysregulation of PGC-1α alters redox homeostasis in cells and exacerbates inflammatory response, which is commonly accompanied by metabolic disturbances. During inflammation, low levels of PGC-1α downregulate mitochondrial antioxidant gene expression, induce oxidative stress, and promote nuclear factor kappa B activation. In metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by a chronic low grade of inflammation, PGC-1α dysregulation modifies the metabolic properties of tissues by altering mitochondrial function and promoting reactive oxygen species accumulation. In conclusion, PGC-1α acts as an essential node connecting metabolic regulation, redox control, and inflammatory pathways, and it is an interesting therapeutic target that may have significant benefits for a number of metabolic diseases.

Alpha‐lipoic acid minimises reactive oxygen species‐induced damages during sperm processing

Andrologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira‐sadat Taherian ◽  
Reyhaneh Khayamabed ◽  
Marziyeh Tavalaee ◽  
Mohammad H. Nasr‐Esfahani
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Alpha Lipoic Acid

Oxidative stress and cardiovascular health: therapeutic potential of polyphenols

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhya Khurana ◽  
Matthew Piche ◽  
Amanda Hollingsworth ◽  
Krishnan Venkataraman ◽  
T.C. Tai
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cellular Function ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Detrimental Impact ◽  
Normal Cellular Function

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important in normal cellular function and physiology. However, oxidative stress resulting from an accumulation of ROS has a detrimental impact on cellular function, and ROS has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. This review provides a summary of the impact of ROS on cardiovascular health and diseases, highlighting the therapeutic use of antioxidants. In addition, this review summarizes the health benefits of polyphenols, and the recent progress on understanding the cellular and physiological actions by which polyphenols may impart their beneficial properties on cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and gamma radiation-induced cancellous bone loss with musculoskeletal disuse

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisataka Kondo ◽  
Kenji Yumoto ◽  
Joshua S. Alwood ◽  
Rose Mojarrab ◽  
Angela Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Hindlimb Unloading ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Radiation Induced

Exposure of astronauts in space to radiation during weightlessness may contribute to subsequent bone loss. Gamma irradiation of postpubertal mice rapidly increases the number of bone-resorbing osteoclasts and causes bone loss in cancellous tissue; similar changes occur in skeletal diseases associated with oxidative stress. Therefore, we hypothesized that increased oxidative stress mediates radiation-induced bone loss and that musculoskeletal disuse changes the sensitivity of cancellous tissue to radiation exposure. Musculoskeletal disuse by hindlimb unloading (1 or 2 wk) or total body gamma irradiation (1 or 2 Gy of 137Cs) of 4-mo-old, male C57BL/6 mice each decreased cancellous bone volume fraction in the proximal tibiae and lumbar vertebrae. The extent of radiation-induced acute cancellous bone loss in tibiae and lumbar vertebrae was similar in normally loaded and hindlimb-unloaded mice. Similarly, osteoclast surface in the tibiae increased 46% as a result of irradiation, 47% as a result of hindlimb unloading, and 64% as a result of irradiation + hindlimb unloading compared with normally loaded mice. Irradiation, but not hindlimb unloading, reduced viability and increased apoptosis of marrow cells and caused oxidative damage to lipids within mineralized tissue. Irradiation also stimulated generation of reactive oxygen species in marrow cells. Furthermore, injection of α-lipoic acid, an antioxidant, mitigated the acute bone loss caused by irradiation. Together, these results showed that disuse and gamma irradiation, alone or in combination, caused a similar degree of acute cancellous bone loss and shared a common cellular mechanism of increased bone resorption. Furthermore, irradiation, but not disuse, may increase the number of osteoclasts and the extent of acute bone loss via increased reactive oxygen species production and ensuing oxidative damage, implying different molecular mechanisms. The finding that α-lipoic acid protected cancellous tissue from the detrimental effects of irradiation has potential relevance to astronauts and radiotherapy patients.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses: What Does Oxidative Stress Have to Do with It?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Iara Grigoletto Fernandes ◽  
Cyro Alves de Brito ◽  
Vitor Manoel Silva dos Reis ◽  
Maria Notomi Sato ◽  
Nátalli Zanete Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Antiviral Therapies ◽  
Species Production ◽  
Relationship Of

The phenomenon of oxidative stress, characterized as an imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant responses, is a well-known inflammatory mechanism and constitutes an important cellular process. The relationship of viral infections, reactive species production, oxidative stress, and the antiviral response is relevant. Therefore, the aim of this review is to report studies showing how reactive oxygen species may positively or negatively affect the pathophysiology of viral infection. We focus on known respiratory viral infections, especially severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs), in an attempt to provide important information on the challenges posed by the current COVID-19 pandemic. Because antiviral therapies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (e.g., SARS-CoV-2) are rare, knowledge about relevant antioxidant compounds and oxidative pathways may be important for understanding viral pathogenesis and identifying possible therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and tissue hypoxia as factors contributing to the development of prostate and bladder dysfunction in metabolic syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
V.I. Kirpatovsky ◽  
◽  
S.A. Golovanov ◽  
V.V. Drozhzheva ◽  
L.V. Kudryavtseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Tissue Hypoxia ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Oxygen Species

Introduction. The development of oxidative stress and nonspecific inflammation is one of the leading factors in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and associated urination disorders in metabolic syndrome (MS). However, the specific mechanisms of these processes are not entirely clear. The purpose of the study. To study the activity of reactive oxygen species production and the functional state of mitochondria in the prostate and bladder and their role in the dysfunction of these organs using an experimental model of MS induction in rats. Material and methods. In 10 adult mongrel male rats MS was induced by keeping them on a high-calorie diet with an increased content of carbohydrates and fats for 3 months. 10 rats kept on a standard vivarium diet served as controls. The development of MS was confirmed by characteristic changes in the biochemical analysis of blood (hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia). In both series of rats, sections of the native prostate and bladder were examined by laser confocal microscopy and stained with fluorescent probes that characterize the activity of the production of reactive oxygen species (dichlorofluorescein-DCF) and the functional state of the mitochondria (tetramethylrodamine ether – TMRE). The activity of a number of intracellular enzymes (AST, ALT. Alkaline phosphatase, LDH) was investigated in the tissues and urine. Results. In rats with MS, the development of BPH and hypertrophy of the bladder were revealed, confirmed histologically. The study of sections of both organs by confocal microscopy revealed a significant increase in the production of reactive oxygen species by their cells and a decrease in the functional activity of mitochondria, which indicated the development of oxidant stress and tissue hypoxia. In the prostate, this was accompanied by a decrease in the secretory activity of the prostate glands, and in the bladder – the release of cytoplasmic enzymes from damaged cells into the urine, indicating cell damage. Conclusion. The causes of the development of a non-specific inflammatory process in the prostate and bladder, leading to dysfunction of these organs in MS, are increased production of reactive oxygen species and the development of tissue hypoxia.

scholarly journals The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Pathogenesis of Adipocyte Dysfunction in Metabolic Syndrome. Prospects of Pharmacological Correction

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Prokudina ◽  
L. N. Maslov ◽  
V. V. Ivanov ◽  
I. D. Bespalova ◽  
D. S. Pismennyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The One

It is established that oxidative stress induces insulin resistance of adipocytes, increases secretion leptin, IL-6, TNF-α by adipocytes. Adiponectin secretion by adipocytes is reduced after the action of reactive oxygen species. Metabolic syndrome contributes to oxidative stress in adipose tissue, on the one hand due to the activation of production of reactive oxygen species by adipocyte NADPH-oxidase, and on the other hand by reducing the antioxidant defense adipocytes. It is found that obesity itself can induce oxidative stress. Chronic stress, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, angiotensin-II, TNF-α play an important role in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress of adipocytes. Metformin remains the cure for the treatment of insulin resistance. The positive results in the treatment of metabolic syndrome by losartan were obtained. Antioxidants and flavonoids exhibit a positive impact on the course of the experimental metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Alpha-lipoic acid: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential in diabetes

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 1021-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Rochette ◽  
Steliana Ghibu ◽  
Adriana Muresan ◽  
Catherine Vergely
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Alpha Lipoic Acid ◽  
Insulin Mimetic ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Intracellular Compartments ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease with a high prevalence worldwide. Diabetes and insulin resistance are associated with the development of cardiovascular and nervous diseases. The development of these disorders reflects complex pathological processes in which the oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) plays a pivotal role. It is widely accepted that diabetes impairs endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and increases the production of ROS, thus resulting in diminished NO bioavailability and increased oxidative stress. Alpha-lipoic acid (LA) possesses beneficial effects both in the prevention and in the treatment of diabetes. LA is a potent antioxidant with insulin-mimetic and anti-inflammatory activity. LA in the diet is quickly absorbed, transported to the intracellular compartments, and reduced to dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) under the action of enzymes. LA, which plays an essential role in mitochondrial bioenergetic reactions, has drawn considerable attention as an antioxidant for use in managing diabetic complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy and other vascular diseases.

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