scholarly journals Plasma Concentrations and Maternal-Umbilical Cord Plasma Ratios of the Six Most Prevalent Carotenoids across Five Groups of Birth Gestational Age

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1409
Author(s):  
Chelsey McConnell ◽  
Melissa Thoene ◽  
Matthew Van Ormer ◽  
Jeremy D. Furtado ◽  
Zeljka Korade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
P Value ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cord Plasma ◽  
Β Carotene

Carotenoids are antioxidant nutrients with the potential to provide protection against oxidative stress. Plasma carotenoid concentrations are lower in newborn infants compared to their mothers; however, limited information is available regarding how concentrations differ by gestational age. The objective of this research is to assess maternal and umbilical cord plasma carotenoid concentrations and maternal-umbilical cord plasma ratios across five groups of birth gestational age. Mother-infant dyads were enrolled at delivery for collection of maternal and umbilical cord blood. Plasma carotenoids were analyzed by HPLC and LC-MS/MS. Birth gestational age was categorized into five groups, and the Kruskal–Wallis test compared carotenoid concentrations and maternal-umbilical cord plasma ratios between these groups. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. 370 mother-infant dyads were included, with most infants delivered at early term (20.3%) or term (64.6%). Though maternal plasma concentrations increased with birth gestational age, we observed less variability in umbilical cord plasma concentrations, thus the maternal-umbilical cord plasma ratio also increased with birth CGA groups for lutein + zeaxanthin (p = 0.008), β-cryptoxanthin (p = 0.027), α-carotene (p = 0.030); β-carotene approached significance (p = 0.056). Additional research is needed to determine if carotenoid concentrations were physiologic to varying gestational ages or if they were impacted by factors associated with preterm birth.

N-terminal pro-C-type natriuretic peptide, but not C-type natriuretic peptide, is greatly elevated in the fetal circulation

2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy C. R. PRICKETT ◽  
Risto J. KAAJA ◽  
M. Gary NICHOLLS ◽  
Eric A. ESPINER ◽  
A. Mark RICHARDS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
Cord Plasma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gestational Group

We have identified recently a new peptide, NT-proCNP(1–50) (N-terminal pro-C-type natriuretic peptide), in the circulation of humans and sheep. A previous report of an elevated fetal–maternal gradient in immunoreactive CNP raised the possibility that processing and metabolism of proCNP may differ in maternal and fetal tissues. We therefore collected matching peripheral maternal and umbilical cord plasma samples at delivery from women with normotensive and pre-eclamptic pregnancies to investigate the presence and concentrations of CNP and NT-proCNP using HPLC and RIA. Plasma concentrations of NT-proCNP in normotensive umbilical cord plasma were 10-fold higher than maternal venous levels (246±17 compared with 24.3±1.8 pmol/l; P<0.001) and much higher than corresponding levels of CNP (3.6±0.4 compared with 1.8±0.3 pmol/l in the fetal and maternal plasma respectively; P<0.001). Although there was no significant difference between normotensive and pre-eclamptic plasma CNP concentrations in either maternal or umbilical cord blood, NT-proCNP showed a significant statistical interaction (F=5.8, P=0.025) between the source (maternal or fetal) and gestational group (normotensive or pre-eclamptic). Maternal NT-proCNP levels were raised in the pre-eclampsia group, whereas the converse was observed in umbilical cord blood. In conclusion, the greatly elevated ratio of NT-proCNP/CNP in fetal compared with maternal plasma suggests that synthesis, as well as clearance, of CNP (but not NT-proCNP clearance) are markedly increased in fetal tissues.

Carotenoid profile in breast milk and maternal and cord plasma: a longitudinal study in southwest China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Hanxiao Sun ◽  
Ting Wu ◽  
Yingyi Mao ◽  
Fang Tian ◽  
Xiaokun Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Cord Plasma ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract Carotenoids are increasingly being implicated to an important role in brain and eye development. This study aimed to quantify the content and profile of carotenoids in human breast milk, maternal plasma and neonatal umbilical cord plasma in Chengdu, an urban area in Southwest China. In this study, 54 healthy mothers were enrolled. Maternal blood, umbilical cord blood, colostrum, transitional milk and mature milk were collected. Concentrations of carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene and lycopene) were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography. We found that carotenoid concentrations decreased from colostrum to mature milk. Hydrocarbon carotenoids with weaker polarity decreased more than the polar carotenoids. Lycopene concentrations dropped by 99%, β-carotene by 92%, β-cryptoxanthin by 83%, lutein by 32% and zeaxanthin by 22%. Lycopene and β-carotene accounted for 70% of the total carotenoids in colostrum, and lutein predominated amongst carotenoids in transitional milk and mature milk (51%–55%). Carotenoid concentrations in maternal plasma were much higher than in cord plasma. Lutein predominated in cord plasma. The concentrations of all carotenoids in maternal plasma were correlated with those of cord plasma and human milk. These results are consistent with selective transport mechanisms in the mammary gland related to the polarity of carotenoids, and each carotenoid has its own implications, which may have different priorities in the early-life development of infants. These findings may help guide dietary recommendations for carotenoid inclusion in infant formulas.

Colloid Osmotic Pressure of Umbilical Cord Plasma in Healthy and Sick Newborn Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 764-769
Author(s):  
Henrik Ekblad ◽  
Pentti Kero ◽  
Heikki Korvenranta ◽  
Risto Erkkola ◽  
Ilkka Välimäki
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Cord Plasma ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Near Term

Colloid osmotic pressure of umbilical cord plasma was measured in 242 healthy infants, in 34 infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), in 18 infants with asphyxia, in 13 infants who were small for gestational age, in 15 infants born to mothers with diabetes mellitus, and in 18 infants born to mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension. In healthy infants, colloid osmotic pressure correlated highly significantly with umbilical cord blood total protein level, gestational age, and birth weight. In infants with RDS, no correlation between colloid osmotic pressure and gestational age or birth weight was found. Infants with RDS and gestational age between 36 and 38 weeks had significantly lower colloid osmotic pressure than healthy infants, whereas colloid osmotic pressure of infants with RDS and gestational age between 32 and 35 weeks did not differ from that of healthy infants of corresponding gestational age. Healthy term infants delivered by cesarean section had significantly lower colloid osmotic pressure than infants delivered vaginally. Infants with asphyxia had significantly higher colloid osmotic pressure than healthy infants. Colloid osmotic pressure is related to the lung maturity of the near-term and term neonate. Infants with a colloid osmotic pressure greater than 16 mm Hg are unlikely to develop RDS.

scholarly journals Maternal intake of antioxidant vitamins in pregnancy in relation to maternal and fetal plasma levels at delivery

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison R. Scaife ◽  
Geraldine McNeill ◽  
Doris M. Campbell ◽  
Sheelagh Martindale ◽  
Graham Devereux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamins ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cord Plasma ◽  
Β Carotene

The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that maternal intake of antioxidant vitamins is associated with maternal and cord plasma levels at delivery. Women were recruited in early pregnancy in Aberdeen Maternity Hospital and habitual diet during pregnancy was assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire mailed at 34 weeks gestation. Blood samples were taken at recruitment (n1149) and maternal (n1149) and cord blood samples (n747) taken at delivery for analyses of vitamins A, C, E and β-carotene. Maternal plasma levels of vitamin E and β-carotene at delivery were significantly higher than levels in early pregnancy while levels of vitamins A and C were significantly lower. Positive correlations were observed for maternal levels of all the vitamins between early pregnancy and delivery. At delivery, maternal plasma concentrations of vitamins A, E and β-carotene were significantly higher than cord levels, while maternal levels of vitamin C were significantly lower. There were significant correlations between maternal and cord plasma concentrations for β-carotene and vitamin C but not for vitamins A or E. Maternal dietary intakes were positively correlated with maternal plasma levels of vitamins C, E and β-carotene in early pregnancy, with maternal plasma levels of β-carotene and vitamin C at delivery and with cord plasma levels of β-carotene and vitamin C. The results from the present study show that, in this population, maternal diet influences cord plasma levels of β-carotene and vitamin C, but not vitamins A and E.

Soluble L-Selectin (sCD62L) Umbilical Cord Plasma Levels Increase with Gestational Age

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 336???341
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPH B??HRER ◽  
DIETGER STIBENZ ◽  
JOHANNES GRAULICH ◽  
ULRIKE GERNHOLD ◽  
EUGENE C. BUTCHER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Cord Plasma

Unbound cortisol in umbilical cord plasma and maternal plasma: A reinvestigation

1979 ◽  
Vol 135 (8) ◽  
pp. 1104-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Predine ◽  
L. Merceron ◽  
G. Barrier ◽  
C. Sureau ◽  
E. Milgrom
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Cord Plasma

Plasma GHRH, CRH, ACTH, β-endorphin, human placental lactogen, GH and cortisol concentrations at the third trimester of pregnancy

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 785-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Jeske ◽  
P. Soszyński ◽  
W. Rogoziński ◽  
E. Lukaszewicz ◽  
W. Latoszewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Placental Lactogen ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Human Placental Lactogen ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Placental Function ◽  
Duration Of Pregnancy

Abstract. The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of GHRH and CRH in maternal plasma during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and to search for the possible correlations with related hormones such as ACTH, β-endorphin, cortisol, GH and human placental lactogen. Patients consisted of 31 healthy pregnant women (20–39 years) divided according to duration of pregnancy into 2 groups: I. from 26 to 32 pregnancy week N = 13), II. from 33 to 39 week (N = 18), and of 7 women evaluated 3 days after delivery. All listed hormones except ACTH were measured by RIA (GHRH, CRH and β-endorphin-like immunoreactivity after extraction with silic acid) and ACTH by IRMA. In the late 3rd trimester plasma levels of CRH (P< 0.001), ACTH (P< 0.02), β-endorphin (P< 0.05), cortisol (P< 0.025), as well as GHRH (P< 0.002) and human placental lactogen (hPL) (P< 0.001) were increased in comparison to early 3rd trimester, whereas 3 days after delivery CRH and GHRH became undetectable and those of ACTH and cortisol decreased significantly. The CRH plasma concentrations were found to be strongly correlated with gestational age (r = 0.86, P< 0.001) but not with ACTH and cortisol. GHRH levels correlated mainly with human placental lactogen concentrations (r = 0.64, P< 0.001). Conclusion: In maternal plasma at the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, apart from the known markedly elevated CRH, the GHRH level was also raised. Strong correlations between CRH and gestational age and those between GHRH and human placental lactogen suggest that there is a relationship between these neurohormones and the placental function.

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