scholarly journals Management of Feline Hyperthyroidism and the Need to Prevent Oxidative Stress: What Can We Learn from Human Research?

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1496
Author(s):  
Alessia Candellone ◽  
Vittorio Saettone ◽  
Paola Badino ◽  
Flavia Girolami ◽  
Elisabetta Radice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Dietary Management ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Spontaneous Animal Model

Feline hyperthyroidism is a clinical syndrome related to an excessive production of thyroid hormones, and it is considered as a spontaneous animal model for human thyrotoxicosis. Many shared features between the feline and the human disease have been identified so far, including pathogenesis, clinical signs, and treatment options. Although methimazole is considered the first-choice drug in both species, several side effects have been described. Furthermore, methimazole could interfere with the oxidative status, already perturbated by the disease. It has been reported in humans that dietary management, mainly through antioxidant supplementation, could mitigate this oxidative burden. The purpose of the review is to describe current therapeutic options in the course of feline hyperthyroidism and to summarize the state of the art relationship between dietary antioxidants administration and the reduction of methimazole side-effects in humans to support the use of this approach also in cats.

A cross-sectional study on global disparities in information experiences of patients with lymphoma/CLL.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18517-e18517
Author(s):  
Olufunmilayo Bamigbola ◽  
Natalie Dren ◽  
Lorna Warwick
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Patient Advocacy ◽  
Patient Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Side Effects ◽  
First Choice

e18517 Background: Patient-centricity remains a cornerstone in the care of patients with lymphoma and CLL, as informed patients are consistently associated with better outcomes and experiences. This study uses the Lymphoma Coalition (LC) 2020 Global Patient Survey (GPS) on Lymphomas and CLL to describe the global differences in the top choices for medical information among patients with lymphoma, as well as differences in their understanding of this information relating to various aspects of their care. Methods: Globally, 9,179 patients from 89 countries took part in the LC 2020 GPS. The countries were grouped into regions, and the regions with greater than 200 patients were included in the analysis (Table). The demographics of the regions were examined, and descriptive analyses of questions relating to information source preferences, information provision at diagnosis (addressing treatment options; process and stages of care; managing treatment side effects), and corresponding levels of patient understanding were performed in IBM SPSS v27. Results: Doctors were the first choice for medical information for patients in each region (SA-82%, AS- 75%, EU-69%, OC-63%, NA-61%). In EU, NA and SA, websites were the most prevalent second and third choice for information (27% and 28%; 30% and 32%; 35% and 27%, respectively). In AS, patient advocacy organisations were the most prevalent second and third choices for information (32% and 40%, respectively), while in OC, the most prevalent second and third choices were nurses (27%) and patient advocacy groups (32%) respectively. Over a fifth of NA patients were not given information on the process and stages of care and how to manage side effects of treatment (21% and 29%, respectively). About a third of patients from SA (32%) reported not getting information on treatment options. Over half of OC patients reported being given information on and completely understanding the different treatment options (51%), processes and stages of care (53%) and how to manage treatment side-effects (58%). Patients from AS were the most prevalent in reporting across the three categories, that they were given information but did not understand it (10%, 7%, 5%, respectively). Conclusions: Globally, patients with lymphoma use various avenues to source the medical information they need, and they differ in their information experiences. Access to appropriate and adequate medical information remains an essential aspect of a successful patient experience and LC advocates that this information be contextual and accessible to all patients with lymphoma. [Table: see text]

Unresponsiveness to Treatment, Pharmaceutical Alterations and Combined Treatments in Behçet's Disease

2018 ◽  
pp. 366-370
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Behçet’S Disease ◽  
Behcet’S Disease ◽  
Behçet's Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Behcet's Disease ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Chronic Course

Behçet's disease is a multisystem inflammatory disease with chronic recurrences. Because of the chronic course, the treatment is very difficult. Classical treatment options are corticosteroids, azathioprine, and cyclosporin. Immunosuppressive agents should be used in addition to steroids in this disease. The aim of the treatment is to protect the visual acuity, reduce the attack frequency, reduce the severity of the attack, and to taper off the steroids as early as possible. Although agents used in classical therapy have limited adrenocorticotropic side effects, they each have serious potential side effects, require strict follow-up, and may develop resistance or non-response to these agents. In patients with resistant Behçet's disease, which can not be controlled by conventional treatment, the first choice should be interferon or biological agents. In this review, treatment options for patients with resistant Behcet's disease that can not be controlled by conventional therapy are discussed.

Features of the oxidative status in patients with lupus nephritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
E. V. Smirnova ◽  
E. V. Proskurnina ◽  
T. N. Krasnova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Respiratory Burst ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Free Radical Production ◽  
Radical Production ◽  
Neutrophil Activity ◽  
Kidney Involvement

BACKGROUND. Oxidative status impairment plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of SLE and lupus nephritis (LN). The data about oxidative status in this disease are incomplete, that’s why it’s necessary to use a new approach to study it. THE AIM: To study oxidative status in SLE patients with kidney involvement. PATIENTS AND METHODS:53 patients with SLE were included in this prospective study, among them 40 patients with different severity of kidney involvement, control group were 87 healthy donors. Oxidative stress parameters were measured: antioxidant activity (AOA) of blood plasma and parameters, characterizing the state of the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) – neutrophils, more specifically: specific spontaneous neutrophil activity, specific stimulated activity (peak and integral), coefficient of respiratory burst attenuation, representing the rate of free radical production decrease after stimulation, the higher the value of this parameter, the slower is free radical production decrease. RESULTS. It was shown elevation of neutrophil free radical-producing activity parameters and elevation of blood plasma AOA in patients with LN, comparing to healthy controls. Immunosuppressive therapy with glucocorticosteroids (GCS) and cytostatics (CS) increased blood plasma AOA comparing to monotherapy with GCS. A correlation between oxidative status impairment and intensity of inflammatory reactions was found: correlation of respiratory burst attenuation coefficient with blood sedimentation rate was shown. Reduction of spontaneous free radical-producing neutrophil activity was found in LN patients with NS, which might be the result of neutrophil functional activity attenuation in high disease activity. CONCLUSION. The increased free radical-producing neutrophil activity was shown, which might be the cause of oxidative stress in SLE with LN. It seems warranted investigation of these parameters in samples of larger volume to search targets aimed at neutrophils. The necessity of antioxidant therapy in patients with SLE seems doubtful, as they show significant increase of blood plasma AOA, which might result from compensatory reaction of human organism to oxidative stress and therapy with GCS and CS.

Efficacy and safety of oral dapsone in acne vulgaris – experience of a tertiary care teaching hospital in central Lahore

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
Sadaf Amin Chaudhry ◽  
Nadia Ali Zafar ◽  
Rabia Hayat ◽  
Ayesha Noreen ◽  
Gulnaz Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Global Assessment Scale ◽  
Severe Acne ◽  
Hematologic Profile

Background: Acne is the eighth most prevalent disease affecting 9.4% of the population worldwide and its prevalence in our country is estimated to be around 5%. Severe inflammatory acne is most likely to leave scars and in order to prevent facial disfigurement due to acne scarring, early treatment is desirable. Various treatment options have been formulated for acne, and are tailored according to the severity of the disease. Numerous clinical trials have been conducted till now, to determine the usefulness and side effect profile of such therapies, making acne treatment a highly studied area in dermatology. Objective of this study is to highlight the fact that oral Dapsone could be used as a cheaper alternate to isotretinoin in recalcitrant severe acne, especially in females where retinoids are sometimes contraindicated. Patients and methods: 51 patients, suffering from severe nodulocystic acne, fulfilling the criteria, were enrolled from the Department of Dermatology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. All the study patients were given oral Dapsone 50mg for initial two weeks and then 100mg daily for the next 10 weeks along with oral cimetidine and topical clindamycin application twice daily. Investigator Global Assessment Scale (IGAS) was employed to measure effectiveness. The treatment was considered ʽeffectiveʹ if the patient achieves 2 or more than 2-grade improvement or almost clear or clear skin at the end of 12 weeks according to IGAS scale. The lesion counts were also done before the start of therapy (day 1) and at every two weeks follow up for 12 weeks. The change in lesion count observed between the baseline number and that seen at follow up visits was also used to evaluate the effectiveness of oral Dapsone. Safety was analyzed by fortnightly visits of the patients to look for any undesirable side effects and monitoring of the hematologic profile of the patients. Final follow up was done at the end of 16 weeks. Results: The study was conducted on 51 patients, with a ratio of 1:3 for males and females and a mean age of 25.2 years (SD ±5.81). At 12th week, patients had significant reduction in their acne lesions; with 7 patients (13.7%) showing completely clear skin, 17 patients (33.3%) had almost clear skin, 5 patients (9.8%) had 3-grade improvement. Twelve patients (23.5%) had 2-grade improvement from baseline score and only 2 patients (3.9%) had 1-grade improvement from baseline. Based on percentage reduction of lesions, excellent response was seen in 32 patients (62.7%), good response in 9 patients (17.6%), moderate response in 2 patients (3.9%), while no patient showed poor response. Dapsone was discontinued in 8 patients due to derangement of hematologic profile. Conclusion: Oral Dapsone, when given carefully, is a very effective therapeutic option in severe recalcitrant acne, with limited side effects.

Hybrid Compounds & Oxidative Stress Induced Apoptosis in Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (13) ◽  
pp. 2118-2132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysegul Hanikoglu ◽  
Hakan Ozben ◽  
Ferhat Hanikoglu ◽  
Tomris Ozben
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Hybrid Compounds ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

: Elevated Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generated by the conventional cancer therapies and the endogenous production of ROS have been observed in various types of cancers. In contrast to the harmful effects of oxidative stress in different pathologies other than cancer, ROS can speed anti-tumorigenic signaling and cause apoptosis of tumor cells via oxidative stress as demonstrated in several studies. The primary actions of antioxidants in cells are to provide a redox balance between reduction-oxidation reactions. Antioxidants in tumor cells can scavenge excess ROS, causing resistance to ROS induced apoptosis. Various chemotherapeutic drugs, in their clinical use, have evoked drug resistance and serious side effects. Consequently, drugs having single-targets are not able to provide an effective cancer therapy. Recently, developed hybrid anticancer drugs promise great therapeutic advantages due to their capacity to overcome the limitations encountered with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Hybrid compounds have advantages in comparison to the single cancer drugs which have usually low solubility, adverse side effects, and drug resistance. This review addresses two important treatments strategies in cancer therapy: oxidative stress induced apoptosis and hybrid anticancer drugs.

Using Naïve Bayes Algorithm to Estimate the Response to Drug in Lung Cancer Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 734-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoling Guo ◽  
Qiuxiang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Drug Response ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cancer Resistance ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Bayes Algorithm

Aim and Objective: Lung cancer is a highly heterogeneous cancer, due to the significant differences in molecular levels, resulting in different clinical manifestations of lung cancer patients there is a big difference. Including disease characterization, drug response, the risk of recurrence, survival, etc. Method: Clinical patients with lung cancer do not have yet particularly effective treatment options, while patients with lung cancer resistance not only delayed the treatment cycle but also caused strong side effects. Therefore, if we can sum up the abnormalities of functional level from the molecular level, we can scientifically and effectively evaluate the patients' sensitivity to treatment and make the personalized treatment strategies to avoid the side effects caused by over-treatment and improve the prognosis. Result & Conclusion: According to the different sensitivities of lung cancer patients to drug response, this study screened out genes that were significantly associated with drug resistance. The bayes model was used to assess patient resistance.

Biological Production of (S)-acetoin: A State-of-the-Art Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (25) ◽  
pp. 2348-2356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neng-Zhong Xie ◽  
Jian-Xiu Li ◽  
Ri-Bo Huang
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Optically Active ◽  
Considerable Progress ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Chiral Compound ◽  
Biological Production ◽  
Acetoin Production ◽  
Made In

Acetoin is an important four-carbon compound that has many applications in foods, chemical synthesis, cosmetics, cigarettes, soaps, and detergents. Its stereoisomer (S)-acetoin, a high-value chiral compound, can also be used to synthesize optically active drugs, which could enhance targeting properties and reduce side effects. Recently, considerable progress has been made in the development of biotechnological routes for (S)-acetoin production. In this review, various strategies for biological (S)- acetoin production are summarized, and their constraints and possible solutions are described. Furthermore, future prospects of biological production of (S)-acetoin are discussed.

Safety of Antitheilerial Drug Buparvaquone in Rams

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nermin Isik ◽  
Ozlem Derinbay Ekici ◽  
Ceylan Ilhan ◽  
Devran Coskun
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Heart Damage

 Background: Theileriosis is a tick-borne disease caused by Theileria strains of the protozoan species. Buparvaquone is the mostly preferred drug in the treatment theileriosis, while it is safety in sheep, has not been detailed investigated. It has been hypothesized that buparvaquone may show side effects and these effects may be defined some parameters measured from blood in sheep when it is used at the recommended dose and duration. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of buparvaquone on the blood oxidative status, cardiac, hepatic and renal damage and bone marrow function markers.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, ten adult (> 2 years) Akkaraman rams were used. Healthy rams were placed in paddocks, provided water ad libitum, and fed with appropriate rations during the experiment. Buparvaquone was ad­ministered at the dose of 2.5 mg/kg (IM) intramuscularly twice at 3-day intervals. Blood samples were obtained before (0. h, Control) and after drug administration at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days. The blood samples were transferred to gel tubes, and the sera were removed (2000 g, 15 min). During the study, the heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature were measured at each sampling time. In addition, the animals were clinically observed. Plasma oxidative status mark­ers (Malondialdehyde, total antioxidant status, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase), serum cardiac (Troponin I, creatine kinase-MBmass, lactate dehydrogenase), hepatic (Alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, total protein, albumin, globulin) and renal (Creatinine, blood urea nitrogen) damage markers and hemogram values (white blood cell, red blood cell, platelet, hemogram, hematocrit) were measured. Buparvaquone caused statistically significantly (P < 0.05) increases in the troponin I and blood urea nitrogen levels and fluctuations in alkaline phosphatase activity, but there was no any statistically significance difference determined in the other parameters.Discussion: In this study, buparvaquone was administered two times at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg (IM) at 3-day intervals. Al­though the result was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), it was determined that buparvaquone gradually increased the levels of the main oxidative stress marker, MDA, by approximately 2.8 fold. CAT and GPX levels were also found to have decreased by 2.2 fold. Buparvaquone may cause lipid peroxidation by producing free radicals. Some other antiprotozoal drugs may affect the oxidative status and may increase MDA level and decrease SOD level. In this study, MDA, which is an indicator of lipid peroxidation in vivo, was used to partially detect developing lipid peroxidation. Changes in the levels of reduced GPX and CAT enzymes could be attributed to their use in mediating the hydrogen peroxide detoxification mechanisms. The absence of significant changes in the TAS levels in this study suggests that buparvaquone may partially induce oxidative stress by producing hydrogen peroxide, but no significant changes occurred in the oxidative stress level because of the high antioxidant capacity of sheep. In this study, buparvaquone caused a statistically significant increase (P < 0.05) in the level of Tn-I, which is a marker of specific cardiac damage (P < 0.05), whereas there was no statistically (P > 0.05) significant increase in CK-MBmass. Tn-I and CK-MB levels, which are used to define heart damage in humans, have been successfully used to determine heart damage in sheep. In this research study, the statistically significant increases in Tn-I but not CK-MBmass levels could be considered indicative of mild cardiac damage.Keywords: ram, buparvaquone, safety.

scholarly journals TNF-Alpha Inhibitors for Chronic Urticaria: Experience in 20 Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freja Lærke Sand ◽  
Simon Francis Thomsen
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Chronic Urticaria ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Response Duration ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Durable Response

Patients with severe chronic urticaria may not respond to antihistamines, and other systemic treatment options may either be ineffective or associated with unacceptable side effects. We present data on efficacy and safety of adalimumab and etanercept in 20 adult patients with chronic urticaria. Twelve (60%) patients obtained complete or almost complete resolution of urticaria after onset of therapy with either adalimumab or etanercept. Further three patients (15%) experienced partial response. Duration of treatment ranged between 2 and 39 months. Those responding completely or almost completely had a durable response with a mean of 11 months. Six patients (30%) experienced side effects and five patients had mild recurrent upper respiratory infections, whereas one patient experienced severe CNS toxicity that could be related to treatment with TNF-alpha inhibitor. Adalimumab and etanercept may be effective and relatively safe treatment options in a significant proportion of patients with chronic urticaria who do not respond sufficiently to high-dose antihistamines or in whom standard immunosuppressive drugs are ineffective or associated with unacceptable side effects.

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