Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Bioactives and Its Role in Alleviating Oral Pathologies

Garlic (Allium sativa L.) is a bulbous flowering plant belongs to the family of Amaryllidaceae and is a predominant horticultural crop originating from central Asia. Garlic and its products are chiefly used for culinary and therapeutic purposes in many countries. Bulbs of raw garlic have been investigated for their role in oral health, which are ascribed to a myriad of biologically active compounds such as alliin, allicin, methiin, S-allylcysteine (SAC), diallyl sulfide (DAS), S-ally-mercapto cysteine (SAMC), diallyl disulphide (DADS), diallyl trisulfide (DATS) and methyl allyl disulphide. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA statement. Scopus, PubMed, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Science direct databases were searched between 12 April 2021 to 4 September 2021. A total of 148 studies were included and the qualitative synthesis phytochemical profile of GE, biological activities, therapeutic applications of garlic extract (GE) in oral health care system, and its mechanism of action in curing various oral pathologies have been discussed. Furthermore, the safety of incorporation of GE as food supplements is also critically discussed. To conclude, GE could conceivably make a treatment recourse for patients suffering from diverse oral diseases.

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Phytochemical Profile and Pharmacological Activities of Water and Hydroethanolic Dry Extracts of Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull. Herb

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9060751 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 751

Author(s):

Galyna Starchenko ◽

Andriy Hrytsyk ◽

Ain Raal ◽

Oleh Koshovyi

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Calluna Vulgaris ◽

Biologically Active ◽

New Drugs ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Antidepressant Effects ◽

Phenolic Substances ◽

Phytochemical Profile ◽

Hydroethanolic Extract

According to the WHO data (2017), depression is the most predominant disease worldwide, with about 300 million people suffering from it, and bipolar disorder is the second most common. Therefore, it is relevant to research new medicines based on medicinal herbal raw materials with anti-anxiety and antidepressant effects. Common heather (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull.), a flowering plant of the Ericaceae family, is a promising species for research in this area. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical profile and several biological activities of hydroethanolic dry extracts from the C. vulgaris herb. Nineteen phenolic substances were identified and quantified in the extracts by HPLC. The quantitative content of the basic groups of biologically active compounds was determined by spectrophotometry. Arbutin was dominant among the hydroquinone derivatives; chlorogenic acid among the hydroxycinnamic acids; rutin, hyperoside and quercetin-3-D-glucoside among the flavonoids; and (+)-gallocatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin among the tannin metabolites. The water and hydroethanolic extract were compared, the extract of C. vulgaris herb obtained with 70% hydroethanolic had the most pronounced anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anxiolytic, stress-protective, anti-anxiety and anti-depressant effects, and it is a promising substance for the development of new drugs or food supplements.

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The Health Beneficial Properties of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa as Potential Functional Food

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom9020076 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 76 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Thanh Vo ◽

Dai Ngo

Keyword(s):

Functional Food ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Active Metabolites ◽

The Family ◽

Long Time ◽

Potential Resource ◽

Biologically Active Metabolites ◽

Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. is a flowering plant belonging to the family Myrtaceae, native to southern and southeastern Asia. It has been used in traditional Vietnamese, Chinese, and Malaysian medicine for a long time for the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, gynecopathy, stomachache, and wound healing. Moreover, R. tomentosa is used to make various food products such as wine, tea, and jam. Notably, R. tomentosa has been known to contain structurally diverse and biologically active metabolites, thus serving as a potential resource for exploring novel functional agents. Up to now, numerous phenolic and terpenoid compounds from the leaves, root, or fruits of R. tomentosa have been identified, and their biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer have been evidenced. In this contribution, an overview of R. tomentosa and its health beneficial properties was focused on and emphasized.

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Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Anticholinesterase Activities and Phytochemical Profile of Azorella glabra Wedd

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8080265 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 265 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Immacolata Faraone ◽

Dilip K. Rai ◽

Daniela Russo ◽

Lucia Chiummiento ◽

Eloy Fernandez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽

Neutral Radical ◽

Phytochemical Profile

Oxidative stress is involved in different diseases, such as diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. The genus Azorella includes about 70 species of flowering plant species; most of them are commonly used as food and in particular as a tea infusion in the Andean region of South America in folk medicine to treat various chronic diseases. Azorella glabra Wedd. aerial parts were firstly analyzed for their in vitro antioxidant activity using different complementary assays. In particular, radical scavenging activity was tested against biological neutral radical DPPH; ferric reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibitory capacity (FRAP and Beta-Carotene Bleaching tests) were also determined. The Relative Antioxidant Capacity Index (RACI) was used to compare data obtained by different assays. Then, the inhibitory ability of samples was investigated against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes involved in diabetes and against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes considered as strategy for the treatment of Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s diseases. Moreover, the phytochemical profile of the sample showing the highest RACI (1.35) and interesting enzymatic activities (IC50 of 163.54 ± 9.72 and 215.29 ± 17.10 μg/mL in α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibition, respectively) was subjected to characterization and quantification of its phenolic composition using LC-MS/MS analysis. In fact, the ethyl acetate fraction derived from ethanol extract by liquid/liquid extraction showed 29 compounds, most of them are cinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoid derivatives, and a terpene. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about the evaluation of significant biological activities and phytochemical profile of A. glabra, an important source of health-promoting phytochemicals.

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Oral Health Status in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182111521 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (21) ◽

pp. 11521

Author(s):

Kacper Nijakowski ◽

Dawid Gruszczyński ◽

Anna Surdacka

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Health Status ◽

Oral Health ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Prisma Statement ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic disorders that affect the gastrointestinal tract, including the oral cavity. This systematic review was designed to answer the question “Is there a relationship between oral health status and inflammatory bowel diseases?”. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, fifteen studies were included (according to PRISMA statement guidelines). Due to their heterogeneity, only six articles about the prevalence of periodontal disease in IBD patients were included in the meta-analysis. Both Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients had an increased odds of periodontitis coincidence compared to the controls, more than 2- and 3-fold, respectively. Moreover, in most studies, patients with IBD were characterized by higher values of caries indices. In conclusion, despite the conducted systematic review, the risk of oral diseases in IBD patients cannot be clearly established due to the possible association of other factors, e.g., sociodemographic or environmental factors.

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Comparison of knowledge, attitude and practice toward oral health between pediatricians and family doctors

International Dental Research ◽

10.5577/intdentres.2018.vol8.no1.2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 7-14

Author(s):

Onur Gezgin ◽

Emre Korkut ◽

Hazal Özer ◽

Yağmur Şener

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Chi Square ◽

Family Doctors ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

The Family ◽

Knowledge Attitude And Practice ◽

Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Aim: Pediatricians and family doctors are at the first step in the education of parents about oral health, as well as the prevention of oral diseases and the provision of oral health in children. The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of pediatricians and family doctors about oral health in children. Methodology: A questionnaire consisting of 50 items was sent to pediatrician and family doctors via mail. Descriptive analysis and chi-square tests were done to analyze the data. Participation in the survey, with a total of 240 participants (58 pediatricians, 182 family doctors), was 100%. Results: It was found that pediatricians believe that they have more important role in the development of oral health and prevention of oral diseases and they are more interested in participating in the oral health program than are the family doctors. Conclusion: Pediatricians and family doctors should work with dentists to improve the quality of oral hygiene in all young children.

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Process Optimization for Improved Phenolic Compounds Recovery from Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Septum: Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23112814 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (11) ◽

pp. 2814 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Marius Rusu ◽

Ana-Maria Gheldiu ◽

Andrei Mocan ◽

Cadmiel Moldovan ◽

Daniela-Saveta Popa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Juglans Regia ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Biological Potential ◽

Phytochemical Profile

Plant by-products can be valuable sources of polyphenol bioactive compounds. Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a very important tree nut rich in biologically active molecules, but its septum was scarcely researched. Experimental data indicated a hypoglycemic effect of septum extracts, with almost no details about its phytochemical composition. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to obtain walnut septum (WS) extracts with high content in bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity based on an original experimental design; (2) characterization of the phytochemical profile of the WS extracts using HPLC-MS/MS; (3) evaluation of the biological potential of the richest polyphenolic WS extract. The variables of the experimental design were: extraction method (maceration and Ultra-Turrax extraction), temperature, solvent (acetone and ethanol), and percentage of water in the solvent. The first quantifiable responses were: total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, condensed tannins, and ABTS antioxidant capacity. The phytochemical profile of lyophilized extracts obtained by Ultra-Turrax extraction (UTE), the most efficient method, was further determined by HPLC-MS/MS analysis of individual polyphenolic and phytosterols compounds. It is the first study to assay the detailed composition of WS in hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds. The biological potential of the richest polyphenolic WS extract was also evaluated by FRAP and DPPH antioxidant capacity and the inhibition of tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in the browning in fruits and vegetables, skin wrinkles and aging. Conclusion: The phytochemical profile of the analyzed extracts proves that WS can be a valuable source of biologically active compounds (polyphenols) for food and/or pharmaceutical industry and warrant the continuation of current research in further evaluating its bioactive potential.

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Oral Health Status in Relation to Nutritional Status among 9 years old school Children in Dewanyiah City/Iraq

Mustansiria Dental Journal ◽

10.32828/mdj.v14i1.763 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 80

Author(s):

Dr. Zahraa Ali Al-Awadi ◽

Dr. Baydaa Hussien Hussien

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

Health Condition ◽

Primary Dentition ◽

Anthropometric Measurement ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Gingival Health ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Although they are not life threatening, dental caries and periodontaldisease are the most predominant and widely spread oral diseases throughout theworld. The aims of the study included the investigation of the prevalence andseverity of dental caries, gingivitis and dental plaque in relation to gender,furthermore, nutritional status was assessed in relation to oral health condition(dental caries).Materials and Methods: This oral health survey was conducted among primaryschool children aged 9 years old in Dewanyiah city in Iraq. The total samplecomposed of 600 child (320 males and 280 females) selected randomly fromdifferent school in Dewanyiah city. Diagnosis of dental caries was according tothe criteria described by WHO (1987). Plaque index of Silness and Loe (1964)was used for plaque assessment, gingival index of Loe and Silness (1963) wasfollowed for recording gingival health condition. Nutritional status was assessedaccording to body mass index (BMI) indicator using anthropometric measurement(height and weight).Results: Results showed that the prevalence of dental caries was 85% for 9 year-oldschool children. Regarding primary and permanent dentition, dental caries washigher among females compared to males with statistically significant difference(P<0.05) for primary dentition, on the other hand, males showed higher values offilled surfaces compared to females with statistically significant difference(P<0.05) for primary dentition and highly significant difference (P<0.01) forpermanent dentition. Finding of this study revealed that 100% of the children hadgingival inflammation. Furthermore, the values of plaque and gingival indiceswere higher among males compared to females with statistically highly significantdifferences (P<0.01). In current study, the prevalence of malnutrition described bythe BMI indicator was 5.3%. For total samples no significant difference wasrecorded in dmfs /DMFS values among wasting and well nourished children(P>0.05).Conclusion: A high prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis were recorded.Improvement in the prevention educational programs is needed among schoolchildren.

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COVID 19 and Special Care Dentistry: A Narrative Review

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.3695 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽

pp. 1473-1476

Author(s):

Ashwika Datey ◽

Soumya Singhai ◽

Gargi Nimbulkar ◽

Kumar Gaurav Chhabra ◽

Amit Reche

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Oral Health ◽

Health Services ◽

Care Delivery ◽

Special Care ◽

World Health ◽

Healthcare Sector ◽

Health Care Needs ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Care Needs

The COVID 19 outbreak has been declared a pandemic by the world health organisation. The healthcare sector was overburdened and overstretched with the number of patient increasing and requiring health services. The worst-hit population always are the people with special needs, whether it is children, pregnant females or the geriatric population. The need for the emergency kind of health services was so inflated that the other special population which required them equally as those patients with the COVID 19 suffered a lot. Dentistry was not an exception, and even that is also one of the important components of the health care delivery system and people requiring oral health care needs were also more. Those undergoing dental treatments would not have completed the treatment, and this would have resulted in various complications. In this situation, some dental emergency guidelines have been released by Centres for Disease Control (CDC) for the urgent dental care those requiring special care dentistry during the COVID 19 pandemic. Children with special care needs were considered more vulnerable to oral diseases; hence priority should have been given to them for dental treatments moreover in the future also more aggressive preventive measures should be taken in order to maintain oral hygiene and prevent many oral diseases. Guardians/caregivers should be made aware and motivated to maintain the oral health of children with special health care needs. This review mainly focuses on the prevention and management of oral diseases in children's with special care needs.

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Oral health knowledge and practices of women attending dental clinics of Baghdad University

Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry ◽

10.26477/jbcd.v31i1.2577 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 42-47

Author(s):

Raya R. Al-Dafaai ◽

Nibal M. Hoobi

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Educational Level ◽

Health Knowledge ◽

Arabic Language ◽

Health Practices ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Dental Floss ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Dental Clinics ◽

Diet Control

Background: Knowledge is considered to be essential for developing healthy practices and preventing the main oral diseases. In some developing countries, women were at higher risk to develop these diseases. This study was conducted to evaluate women’s dental knowledge and practices through a specific questionnaire and the relationship with patient’s educational level and the number of their children. Subjects and method: Women, aged from 25-35 years old, were selected to participate in the current study. They were attending dental clinics in the teaching hospital of Baghdad University. Each participant was instructed to answer questionnaire sheet which is previously prepared in Arabic language by the authors. The total number of women was divided into three groups according to women’s educational level and the number of their children. Results: The number of women that participated in the study was 150. Higher percent of them (58.7%) have received instruction on the use of dental floss but 60.0% had no information about fluoride. Dental floss was used by only 24.7% of women. Higher percent of women eat candies, chocolate bars and cookies in between meals. Significant association was reported between educational level and oral health information. Educational level didn’t influence patients’ health practices. Frequency of follow-up appointments and toothbrushes changes were higher among women with less number of children. Conclusion: The study revealed important gaps in oral health practices especially in diet control and the use of dental floss. There is a need for frequent dental educational programmes among women to promote the proper practices and to achieve good oral hygiene.

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Oral health diseases among the older people: a general health perspective

10.31083/jomh.v17i1.316 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Care ◽

Oral Health ◽

Older People ◽

Health Professionals ◽

General Health ◽

Oral Health Care ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Public Health Professionals ◽

The Relationship

Background: The relationship between oral health and general health is gaining interest in geriatric research; however, a lack of studies dealing with this issue from a general perspective makes it somewhat inaccessible to non-clinical public health professionals. Purpose: The purpose of this review is to describe the relationship between oral health and general health of the elderly on the basis of literature review, and to give non-clinical medical professionals and public health professionals an overview of this discipline. Methods: This study was based on an in-depth review of the literature pertaining to the relationship between oral health and general health among the older people. The tools commonly used to evaluate dental health and the academic researches of male elderly people were also reviewed. And future research directions were summarized. Results: Dental caries, periodontal disease, edentulism, and xerostomia are common oral diseases among the older people. Dental caries and periodontal diseases are the leading causes of missing teeth and edentulism. Xerostomia, similar to dry mouth, is another common oral health disease in the older people. No clear correlation exists between the subjective feeling of dryness and an objective decrease of saliva. Rather, both conditions can be explained by changes in saliva. The General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and the Oral Health Impact Proﬁle (OHIP) are the main assessment tools used to examine oral health and quality of life in the older people. The GOHAI tends to be more sensitive to objective values pertaining to oral function. In addition, oral health studies in male elderly people are population-based cohort or cross-sectional studies, involving masticatory function, oral prevention, frailty problems, cardiovascular disease risk, and cognitive status. Conclusion: It is possible to reduce the incidence of certain oral diseases, even among individuals who take oral health care seriously. Oral health care should be based on the viewpoint of comprehensive treatment, including adequate nutrition, good life and psychology, and correct oral health care methods. In the future, researchers could combine the results of meta-analysis with the clinical experience of doctors to provide a more in-depth and broader discussion on oral health research topics concerning the older people.

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