A Force Measurement Method Based on Flexible PDMS Grating

With the rapid development of flexible materials, various high-performance biocompatible flexible sensors have been proposed for specific measurement applications. Among these materials, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is one of the most popular polymers by curing the mixture of pre-polymer (base) and cross-linker (curing agent). In this paper, a force measurement method based on PDMS grating is introduced. The PDMS grating is cast from a commercial master grating, which is precise, low-cost, and easy to follow. The elastic modulus can be controlled by the curing temperature and the mixing ratio. The PDMS grating is tested using a tension testing machine. As the stretching force increases, the grating line-spacing simultaneously increases and the diffraction light spot shifts. By capturing the light spot shift using a camera, the relationship between light spot position and stretching force is established and evaluated. Experimental results show that the linearity (R2) of the proposed method is better than 0.998, adding that the sensitivity is ~0.5–0.7N/mm and the accuracy is up to 0.05N.

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Ultrasonic measurement of clamping force for injection molding machine

Journal of Polymer Engineering ◽

10.1515/polyeng-2018-0268 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 388-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Peng Zhao ◽

Yao Zhao ◽

Jianfeng Zhang ◽

Junye Huang ◽

Neng Xia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Injection Molding ◽

Measurement Method ◽

Large Scale ◽

Force Measurement ◽

Low Cost ◽

Ultrasonic Method ◽

Injection Molding Process ◽

Propagation Time ◽

Clamping Force ◽

Molding Process

AbstractAn online and feasible clamping force measurement method is important in the injection molding process and equipment. Based on the sono-elasticity theory, anin situclamping force measurement method using ultrasonic technology is proposed in this paper. A mathematical model is established to describe the relationship between the ultrasonic propagation time, mold thickness, and clamping force. A series of experiments are performed to verify the proposed method. Experimental findings show that the measurement results of the proposed method agree well with those of the magnetic enclosed-type clamping force tester method, with difference squares less than 2 (MPa)2and errors bars less than 0.7 MPa. The ultrasonic method can be applied in molds of different thickness, injection molding machines of different clamping scales, and large-scale injection cycles. The proposed method offers advantages of being highly accurate, highly stable, simple, feasible, non-destructive, and low-cost, providing significant application prospects in the injection molding industry.

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Design and Calibration of MIMU Based on Chip Size Micro Inertial Sensors

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.849.302 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 849 ◽

pp. 302-309

Author(s):

Yun Xu ◽

Xin Hua Zhu ◽

Yu Wang

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Inertial Sensors ◽

Low Cost ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Experimental Result ◽

Integrated Navigation ◽

Bias Stability ◽

Chip Size ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

On Chip

With rapid development of micro fabrication technology, the performance of MIMU has gradually improved. The MIMU introduced in this paper is based on the silicon micro machined gyroscope of type MSG7000D and accelerometer of type MSA6000. The volume of it is 3×3×3cm3, the mass is 68.5g and the power consumption is less than 1w. The experimental result shows that the bias stability of the gyroscope and accelerometer for each axis of the designed MIMU is less than 10°/h and 0.5mg respectively. For the non orthogonality in three axes of the structure, MIMU needs to be calibrated. After calibration, the measurement accuracy has improved by an order of magnitude. The designed MIMU can satisfy the requirement of high performance, low cost, light weight and small size for strap-down navigation system, thus it can be widely applied not only to the field of vehicles integrated navigation, attitude measurement but also to the fields of personal goods such as mobile, game consoles and so on.

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Recent Advances in Synthesis and Properties of Nitrated-Pyrazoles Based Energetic Compounds

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25153475 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (15) ◽

pp. 3475 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shijie Zhang ◽

Zhenguo Gao ◽

Di Lan ◽

Qian Jia ◽

Ning Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energetic Materials ◽

High Performance ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Low Cost ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Development Trend ◽

High Heat ◽

High Energy ◽

Heat Of Formation ◽

Energetic Compounds

Nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have attracted wide publicity in the field of energetic materials (EMs) due to their high heat of formation, high density, tailored thermal stability, and detonation performance. Many nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have been developed to meet the increasing demands of high power, low sensitivity, and eco-friendly environment, and they have good applications in explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics. Continuous and growing efforts have been committed to promote the rapid development of nitrated-pyrazole-based EMs in the last decade, especially through large amounts of Chinese research. Some of the ultimate aims of nitrated-pyrazole-based materials are to develop potential candidates of castable explosives, explore novel insensitive high energy materials, search for low cost synthesis strategies, high efficiency, and green environmental protection, and further widen the applications of EMs. This review article aims to present the recent processes in the synthesis and physical and explosive performances of the nitrated-pyrazole-based Ems, including monopyrazoles with nitro, bispyrazoles with nitro, nitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazoles, and their derivatives, and to comb the development trend of these compounds. This review intends to prompt fresh concepts for designing prominent high-performance nitropyrazole-based EMs.

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Application of WeChat Mini-Program and Wi-Fi SoC in Agricultural IoT: A Low-Cost Greenhouse Monitoring System

Transactions of the ASABE ◽

10.13031/trans.13499 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 325-337

Author(s):

Lei Zhou ◽

Zhengjun Qiu ◽

Yong He

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Monitoring System ◽

High Performance ◽

Low Cost ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Sensor Data ◽

Smart Devices ◽

Increasing Demand ◽

On Chip

HighlightsA quick solution for developing and deploying custom agricultural IoT systems is proposed.Low-cost and high-performance devices are used for the design of sensor nodes.A mobile application based on WeChat Mini-Program is developed for device and data management.The proposed system brings convenience to both users and developers.Abstract. Increasing demand for automatic management of agricultural production and real-time remote monitoring has increased the need for smart devices, wireless technologies, and sensors. The internet of things (IoT) has emerged as a common technology for the management of multiple devices by multiple users. Some professional solutions are relatively difficult to implement for researchers who are interested in agricultural IoT but do not have requisite skills in computers and electronics. The unfriendliness of the user software limits the practical application of agricultural IoT in China. This article presents a simple solution based on an SoC (system-on-chip) and WeChat mini-program that focuses on low-cost hardware, rapid development, user-friendly application design, and helping developers get a quick start in building a DIY monitoring system. The ESP8266, a high-performance SoC, is used as the microcontroller and Wi-Fi module to transfer the sensor data to a remote server. A WeChat mini-program provides the graphical user interface, enabling users to manage devices and access data by clicking. Users can log into the system using their WeChat accounts and bind devices by scanning QR codes on the devices. Thus, the complex management and device binding in conventional systems can be overcome. The system is easy to be expand and has great potential for greenhouse environmental monitoring in China. Keywords: Greenhouse ambient monitoring, Internet of things, WeChat mini-program, Wi-Fi SoC.

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Recent Development in X-Ray Imaging Technology: Future and Challenges

Research ◽

10.34133/2021/9892152 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Xiangyu Ou ◽

Xue Chen ◽

Xianning Xu ◽

Lili Xie ◽

Xiaofeng Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Low Cost ◽

Rapid Development ◽

The Body ◽

Future Research ◽

X Rays ◽

X Ray ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

X Ray Imaging ◽

Imaging Performance

X-ray imaging is a low-cost, powerful technology that has been extensively used in medical diagnosis and industrial nondestructive inspection. The ability of X-rays to penetrate through the body presents great advances for noninvasive imaging of its internal structure. In particular, the technological importance of X-ray imaging has led to the rapid development of high-performance X-ray detectors and the associated imaging applications. Here, we present an overview of the recent development of X-ray imaging-related technologies since the discovery of X-rays in the 1890s and discuss the fundamental mechanism of diverse X-ray imaging instruments, as well as their advantages and disadvantages on X-ray imaging performance. We also highlight various applications of advanced X-ray imaging in a diversity of fields. We further discuss future research directions and challenges in developing advanced next-generation materials that are crucial to the fabrication of flexible, low-dose, high-resolution X-ray imaging detectors.

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Research of New Ultrasonic Domestic Gas Meter

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.1136 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 760-762 ◽

pp. 1136-1138

Author(s):

Shun Zhou ◽

Xiao Jing Li ◽

Su Qing Xue

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Simple Structure ◽

Liquid Velocity ◽

Low Cost ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Ultrasonic Flowmeter ◽

Advanced Technology ◽

Reliable Test ◽

Velocity Information ◽

Good Repeatability

In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology, the ultrasonic flowmeter has been widely applied. It measures the flow of liquid by using the liquid velocity information of the ultrasonic transmits in the liquid. The advantages of the meter are non-contact, no pressure loss, low cost, simple structure, wide measuring scope. In this paper, by absorbing and referring to the domestic and foreign advanced technology, the author developed an ultrasonic domestic gas meter based on transit-time difference method and MSP430.And it can measure fluid flow accurately. Experiments show that the system is stable and reliable, test data has good repeatability. The system lays a good foundation in developing the high-performance ultrasonic flowmeter in the future.

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Simplified Method of Microcontact Force Measurement by Using Micropressure Sensor

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi12050515 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 515

Author(s):

Huamin Zhu ◽

Fuzhong Zheng ◽

Huiwen Leng ◽

Cheng Zhang ◽

Kun Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Output Voltage ◽

Microelectromechanical Systems ◽

Force Measurement ◽

Low Cost ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Complex Structure ◽

Force Output ◽

Simulation Results ◽

Contact Position ◽

The Relationship

Microcontact force measurement is widely applied in micro/nano manufacturing, medicine and microelectromechanical systems. Most microcontact force measurements are performed by using mass comparators, nano-indenter and precision electronic balance, and weighing sensors. However, these instruments have a complex structure and high cost. Nevertheless, the rapid development of microsensor technology provides a new, simple and low-cost approach for microcontact force measurement. In this study, we present a method of microcontact force measurement by using micropressure sensors and study the relationship amongst the microcontact force, output voltage and contact position of the sensor. We use a microcapacitance pressure sensor as an example, then we perform a simulation calculation and construct a microcontact force experiment system to verify the simulation results. The experimental and simulation results are consistent. In addition, an equation that describes the relationship amongst the microcontact force, output voltage and contact position of the sensor is obtained. Based on this simple and low-cost method, we build a micro-manipulation system, which indicates that the micropressure sensors can be used to measure microcontact force in various applications easily and cost-effectively. Furthermore, it is considerably relevant to research and application in this field.

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30 Years of Progress in Viscometers and Rheometers

Applied Rheology ◽

10.1515/arh-2009-0006 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 69-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Howard A. Barnes ◽

Harry Schimanski ◽

Derek Bell

Keyword(s):

Force Measurement ◽

Low Cost ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Storage Device ◽

Complex Flow ◽

Newtonian Viscosity ◽

Computing Power ◽

History Of ◽

Analyse Data ◽

Constant Improvement

Abstract The history of commercial viscometry and rheometry over the last thirty years is summarised. In terms of those instruments that have established themselves in a lasting position in the field, we highlight the importance of a sound original idea, good marketing, and constant improvement as technology advances. Instruments in this area fall into three categories: simple, low-cost instruments to measure viscosity or at least an equivalent Newtonian viscosity; multi-speed instruments often able to record data on another display or storage device, and rheometers, i.e. instruments capable of a rotational shearing action, as well as one of the following: oscillation, creep and normal force measurement to give some measure of viscoelasticity. The advances in technology in many areas over the past 30 years have all fuelled the rapid development of instruments that has been nothing short of astonishing. Of especial importance has been the continuous developments of electric motors, and transducers, as well as the increases in speed and memory and reductions in price of digital processors and microprocessors. With this increased computing power perhaps with instruments using complex flow regimes it may be as easy to analyse data as with simple shearing now. There will always be, however, those who want to go to higher frequencies, lower deformations, etc., to meet those challenges of measuring the rheology of materials at the limits.

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Piezoelectric MEMS – Evolution from sensing technology to diversified applications in the 5G / Internet of Things (IoT) era

Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering ◽

10.1088/1361-6439/ac3ab9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xianhao Le ◽

Qiongfeng Shi ◽

Philippe Vachon ◽

Eldwin Jiaqiang Ng ◽

Chengkuo Lee

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Mobile Networks ◽

High Performance ◽

Low Cost ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Mems Devices ◽

Sensors And Actuators ◽

Energy Harvesters ◽

Piezoelectric Mems

Abstract The rapid development of the fifth-generation mobile networks (5G) and Internet of Things (IoT) is inseparable from a large number of miniature, low-cost, and low-power sensors and actuators. Piezoelectric micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) devices, fabricated by micromachining technologies, provide a versatile platform for various high-performance sensors, actuators, energy harvesters, filters and oscillators (main building blocks in radio frequency (RF) front-ends for wireless communication). In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the working mechanism, structural design, and diversified applications of piezoelectric MEMS devices. Firstly, various piezoelectric MEMS sensors are introduced, including contact and non-contact types, aiming for the applications in physical, chemical and biological sensing. This is followed by a presentation of the advances in piezoelectric MEMS actuators for different application scenarios. Meanwhile, piezoelectric MEMS energy harvesters, with the ability to power other MEMS devices, are orderly enumerated. Furthermore, as a representative of piezoelectric resonators, Lamb wave resonators are exhibited with manifold performance improvements. Finally, the development trends of wearable and implantable piezoelectric MEMS devices are discussed.

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Determination of surgical robot tool force requirements through tissue manipulation and suture force measurement

10.31224/osf.io/an6cm ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Devin R. Berg ◽

Timothy P. Kinney ◽

Perry Y. Li ◽

Arthur G. Erdman

Keyword(s):

Porcine Model ◽

Force Measurement ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Surgical Tools ◽

Abdominal Organs ◽

Tool Force ◽

Tissue Manipulation ◽

Puncture Force ◽

Tension Testing

Through the use of a cadaveric porcine model, forces necessary for manipulation of the abdominal organs were evaluated using an instrumented probe. Additionally, forces for tissue puncture, knot tightening, and suture breakage have been measured in order to determine the requirements placed upon the design of novel robotic surgical tools. The break forces for a variety of suture sizes and types were evaluated including sizes 3-0 through 7-0 polypropylene, size 1 polybutestor, size 4-0 chromic gut, and size 6-0 braided polyester. Tests of the tissue puncture force and knot tightening forces were carried out using the same instrumented probe, while the suture break forces were measured using a tension testing machine. The measured forces were found to compare well against the literature and provide a good basis from which to design robotic surgical tools with the appropriate capabilities.

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