scholarly journals Measurement of the Permissible Range of Consistency between Visual and Tactile Presentations of Line Grating Textures

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2494
Author(s):  
Shun Yamaguchi ◽  
Seitaro Kaneko ◽  
Hiroyuki Kajimoto
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Simultaneous Presentation ◽  
Tactile Sensation ◽  
Spatial Period ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Permissible Range ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tactile Sensations

The use of real textures is the optimal way to present realistic textures in a VR (Virtual Reality) experience. However, a system may require the presentation of numerous objects in a VR scene, making the use of real objects impractical. One way to address this issue is to present visual and tactile texture information simultaneously such that multiple different visual textures are associated with one tactile sensation. This tactile sensation must differ from the visual information only to the extent that the user still perceives the stimuli as consistent. This study examines the consistency required for the simultaneous presentation of visual and tactile sensations for the purpose of reducing the number of necessary real textures in future VR systems. An experiment was conducted using one-dimensional textures (i.e., line gratings), in which participants were asked whether the presented visual texture was finer or coarser than the tactile texture. The results suggest that the relative size of the “permissible range” (the range over which the difference between the visual and tactile sensation is not recognized) is correlated with the spatial period of the real texture.

Effect of leakage and blockage on the acoustic behavior of particle filters

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 483-492
Author(s):  
Seonghyeon Baek ◽  
Iljae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Matrix ◽  
Particle Filters ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Filter System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Good Agreement

The effects of leakage and blockage on the acoustic performance of particle filters have been examined by using one-dimensional acoustic analysis and experimental methods. First, the transfer matrix of a filter system connected to inlet and outlet pipes with conical sections is measured using a two-load method. Then, the transfer matrix of a particle filter only is extracted from the experiments by applying inverse matrices of the conical sections. In the analytical approaches, the one-dimensional acoustic model for the leakage between the filter and the housing is developed. The predicted transmission loss shows a good agreement with the experimental results. Compared to the baseline, the leakage between the filter and housing increases transmission loss at a certain frequency and its harmonics. In addition, the transmission loss for the system with a partially blocked filter is measured. The blockage of the filter also increases the transmission loss at higher frequencies. For the simplicity of experiments to identify the leakage and blockage, the reflection coefficients at the inlet of the filter system have been measured using two different downstream conditions: open pipe and highly absorptive terminations. The experiments show that with highly absorptive terminations, it is easier to see the difference between the baseline and the defects.

scholarly journals Studying the sense of agency in the absence of motor movement: an investigation into temporal binding of tactile sensations and auditory effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Antusch ◽  
R. Custers ◽  
H. Marien ◽  
H. Aarts
Keyword(s):  
Intentional Action ◽  
Tactile Sensation ◽  
Temporal Binding ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
Motor Movement ◽  
Sensory Effects ◽  
Motor Movements ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Tactile Sensations ◽  
Intentional Movement

AbstractPeople form coherent representations of goal-directed actions. Such agency experiences of intentional action are reflected by a shift in temporal perception: self-generated motor movements and subsequent sensory effects are perceived to occur closer together in time—a phenomenon termed intentional binding. Building on recent research suggesting that temporal binding occurs without intentionally performing actions, we further examined whether such perceptual compression occurs when motor action is fully absent. In three experiments, we used a novel sensory-based adaptation of the Libet clock paradigm to assess how a brief tactile sensation on the index finger and a resulting auditory stimulus perceptually bind together in time. Findings revealed robust temporal repulsion (instead of binding) between tactile sensation and auditory effect. Temporal repulsion was attenuated when participants could anticipate the identity and temporal onset (two crucial components of intentional action) of the tactile sensation. These findings are briefly discussed in the context of differences between intentional movement and anticipated bodily sensations in shaping action coherence and agentic experiences.

Theory of ultrasonic attenuation in one and two dimensional metals

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (14) ◽  
pp. 1454-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tiedje ◽  
R. R. Haering
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Attenuation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Difference

The theory of ultrasonic attenuation in metals is extended so that it applies to quasi one and two dimensional electronic systems. It is shown that the attenuation in such systems differs significantly from the well-known results for three dimensional systems. The difference is particularly marked for one dimensional systems, for which the attenuation is shown to be strongly temperature dependent.

Size Selectivity of Diamond and Square Mesh Codends in Pelagic Herring Trawls: Only Small Herring Will Notice the Difference

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 2104-2117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri Suuronen ◽  
Russell B. Millar
Keyword(s):  
Relative Size ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Size Selectivity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
High Catch

A twin codend trawl was fished in the northern Baltic to study the size selectivity of square mesh and diamond mesh codends of 36-mm nominal mesh size. For each codend, 15 hauls were completed with a small mesh (20 mm) codend deployed on the other side of the trawl. The relative size of the catches in the two sides of the trawl varied considerably from haul to haul (the separator section was not operating properly) and selection curves were estimated from each individual haul using a method that incorporated the differences in catching efficiency of the two sides. The length of 50% retention decreased with increased catch for both the diamond and square mesh codends, although in neither case was this relationship statistically significant. Selection curves fitted to the combined haul data were asymmetric. The square mesh codend retained significantly less small herring than the diamond mesh codend, and for larger herring the two codends had similar selectivity. In both codends, most escapes occurred at the front of the catch bulge, from the upper side of the codend. At high catch rates, mesh blockage was observed for several metres ahead of the catch bulge during the later part of the tow.

A stochastic airplane boarding model in a framework of ASEP with distinguishable particles

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1850093
Author(s):  
ShengJie Qiang ◽  
Bin Jia ◽  
QingXia Huang
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Exclusion Process ◽  
System Size ◽  
Nonequilibrium Systems ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Simple Exclusion Process ◽  
Maximum Current ◽  
Asymmetric Simple Exclusion ◽  
Simple Exclusion ◽  
The Difference

The asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) is a paradigmatic model for nonequilibrium systems and has been used in many applications. Airplane boarding provides another interesting example where this framework can be applied. We propose a simple model for boarding process, in which a particle moves along a one-dimensional aisle after being injected, and finally is removed at a reserved site. Different from the typical ASEP model, particles are removed in a disorderly or a parallel way. Detailed calculations and discussions of some related characteristics, such as mean boarding time and parallelism indicator, are provided based on Monte-Carlo simulations. Results show that three phases exist in the boarding process: free-flow, jamming and maximum current. Transitions between these phases are governed by the difference between the injection and removal rate. Further analysis shows how the scaling behavior depends on the system size and the boarding conditions. Those results emphasize the importance of utilizing the whole length of the aisle to reduce the boarding time when designing an efficient boarding strategy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Vertical Producing Degree of Commingled Production via Waterflooding for Multilayer Offshore Heavy Oil Reservoirs

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Shen ◽  
Linsong Cheng ◽  
Qiang Sun ◽  
Shijun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Dynamic Method ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Oil Reservoirs ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Heavy Oil Reservoirs ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Important Form

Recently, commingling production has been widely used for the development of offshore heavy oil reservoirs with multilayers. However, the differences between layers in terms of reservoir physical properties, oil properties and pressure have always resulted in interlayer interference, which makes it more difficult to evaluate the producing degree of commingled production. Based on the Buckley–Leverett theory, this paper presents two theoretical models, a one-dimensional linear flow model and a planar radial flow model, for water-flooded multilayer reservoirs. Through the models, this paper establishes a dynamic method to evaluate seepage resistance, sweep efficiency and recovery percent and then conducts an analysis with field data. The result indicates the following: (1) the dynamic difference in seepage resistance is an important form of interlayer interference during the commingled production of an offshore multilayer reservoir; (2) the difference between commingled production and separated production is small within a certain range of permeability ratio or viscosity ratio, but separated production should be adopted when the ratio exceeds a certain value.

scholarly journals Refixation Patterns of Mind-wandering during Real-world Scene Perception

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Zhang ◽  
Nicola C Anderson ◽  
Kevin Miller
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Real World ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Scene Perception ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Quantification Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Thought Probes

Recent studies have shown that mind-wandering (MW) is associated with changes in eye movement parameters, but have not explored how MW affects the sequential pattern of eye movements involved in making sense of complex visual information. Eye movements naturally unfold over time and this process may reveal novel information about cognitive processing during MW. The current study used Recurrence Quantification Analysis (Anderson, Bischof, Laidlaw, Risko, & Kingstone, 2013) to describe the pattern of refixations (fixations directed to previously-inspected regions) during MW. Participants completed a real-world scene encoding task and responded to thought probes assessing intentional and unintentional MW. Both types of MW were associated with worse memory of the scenes. Importantly, RQA showed that scanpaths during unintentional MW were more repetitive than during on-task episodes, as indicated by a higher recurrence rate and more stereotypical fixation sequences. This increased repetitiveness suggests an adaptive response to processing failures through re-examining previous locations. Moreover, this increased repetitiveness contributed to fixations focusing on a smaller spatial scale of the stimuli. Finally, we were also able to validate several traditional measures: both intentional and unintentional MW were associated with fewer and longer fixations; Eye-blinking increased numerically during both types of MW but the difference was only significant for unintentional MW. Overall, the results advanced our understanding of how visual processing is affected during MW by highlighting the sequential aspect of eye movements.

scholarly journals Isotypic one-dimensional coordination polymers:catena-poly[[dichloridocadmium]-μ-5,6-bis(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylato-κ2N5:N6] andcatena-poly[[dichloridomercury(II)]-μ-5,6-bis(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylato-κ2N5:N6]

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1214-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Alfonso ◽  
Helen Stoeckli-Evans
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Rotation Axis ◽  
Dimethyl Ester ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Coordination Geometry ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Title One

The isotypic title one-dimensional coordination polymers, [CdCl2(C18H14N4O4)]n, (I), and [HgCl2(C18H14N4O4)]n, (II), are, respectively, the cadmium(II) and mercury(II) complexes of the dimethyl ester of 5,6-bis(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid. In both compounds, the metal ions are located on a twofold rotation axis and a second such axis bisects the Car—Carbonds of the pyrazine ring. The metal ions are bridged by binding to the N atoms of the two pyridine rings and have anMN2Cl2bisphenoidal coordination geometry. The metal–Npyrazinedistances are much longer than the metal–Npyridinedistances; the difference is 0.389 (2) Å for the Cd—N bonds but only 0.286 (5) Å for the Hg—N bond lengths. In the crystals of both compounds, the polymer chains are linkedviapairs of C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, forming corrugated slabs parallel to theacplane.

Volatility and Microstructure Noise

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yacine Aïıt-Sahalia ◽  
Jean Jacod
Keyword(s):  
Microstructure Noise ◽  
Underlying Process ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Integrated Volatility ◽  
Tick Data ◽  
Efficient Price ◽  
The Difference

This chapter covers the various problems arising in the estimation of the integrated volatility when the observations are contaminated by a noise. The approach used is quite partial, and fundamentally phenomenological, in contrast with a microeconomical approach. That is, the authors assumed the existence of an underlying (nonobservable) efficient price, and what is called noise below is by definition the difference between the observed price and the efficient price. Henceforth, it certainly does not apply to tick-by-tick data, even if these were regularly spaced in time (which they are not). In the whole chapter, with the exception of one section, the underlying process X is one-dimensional.

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