scholarly journals Nutrients Recovery during Vermicomposting of Cow Dung, Pig Manure, and Biochar for Agricultural Sustainability with Gases Emissions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8956
Author(s):  
Syed Turab Raza ◽  
Bo Zhu ◽  
Jia Liang Tang ◽  
Zulfiqar Ali ◽  
Raheel Anjum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Purple Soil ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Post Hoc

An experimental vermicomposting system was established in purple soil present in Sichuan Basin, China. The purpose of vermicomposting (VC) was to recycle and manage organic waste materials; for instance, animal manure and crop residues are present in great quantity. A particular use of earthworms for VC is a valuable method for retrieving essential plant nutrients. Experimental vermicomposting followed by monitoring was conducted for two months in summer with an interval of fifteen days. Four treatments, COM (compost without earthworms), VCM (using cow manure), VPM (through pig manure), and VBC (using biochar), were applied with agricultural wastes such as rapeseed and wheat straw in combination with cow dung, pig manure, and biochar, respectively. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to statistically analyze and interpret the nutrient change among different treatments. Post hoc analysis was done using Tukey’s test. The experimental vermicomposting results revealed that VCM gives increased plant nutrients with a minimum C: N ratio (from 22.13 to 14.38) and a maximum increase in nitrogen concentrations (1.77 to 29.15 g kg−1). A significant decrease in ammonia volatilization was observed in the order VCM > VBC > VPM when compared to COM. It was experimentally established that vermicomposting is the most suitable method for converting organic waste into nutrient-rich fertilizer with the least environmental pollution load.

scholarly journals Influence of Different Organic Waste Materials on the Transformation of Nitrogen in Soils

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 658-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.K. Das ◽  
A.M. Puste
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Potato Skin

Organic waste materials like crop residues, well-decomposed cow dung, composts, and other rural and urban wastes are considered highly useful resources in enhancing soil fertility and also in build-up of soil organic matter. Organic matter decomposition provides plant nutrients in soil, which in turn increases crop productivity. Availability of nutrients and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus from organic waste materials is dependent upon the nature of organic residues, climatic conditions, and soil moisture activity. Keeping these factors in view, the present investigation was undertaken to study the transformation of N from different organic waste materials in two contrasting soils from an eastern India, subtropical region. The results showed that the amounts of ammoniacal-N (NH4-N), nitrate-N (NO3-N), hydrolysable N (HL-N), and nonhydrolysable (NHL-N) were increased for up to 60 days of soil submergence and increased further with the increase (1% by weight of soil) of organic residue application. Considering the effect of various organic waste materials, it was found that the amounts of NH4-N, NO3-N, HL-N, and NHL-N were higher with the application of groundnut hull as compared to wheat straw and potato skin, which may be due to relatively narrow carbon:N ratio of groundnut (22:43) than that of wheat straw (62:84) and potato skin (71:32); however, the results showed that the release of NH4-N, NO3-N, HL-N, and NHL-N was in the order of groundnut hull > wheat straw > potato skin.

scholarly journals Kinetic Study of Biogas Production from Animal Manure and Organic Waste in Semarang City by Using Anaerobic Digestion Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1221
Author(s):  
Fahmi Arifan ◽  
Abdullah Abdullah ◽  
Siswo Sumardiono
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Kinetic Model

The biogas fermentation from animal manure and organic waste was investigated with a comparison percentage of raw material used inside the digester with the anaerobic digestion process. Animal manure consists of cow dung and chicken manure, while organic waste consists of tofu liquid waste and cabbage waste. This study used a batch process that was operated at 55 °C incubator temperature for 90 days. The results of experimental data were predicted with a modified Gompertz model and first-order kinetic model. The equation of the modified Gompertz model to predict biogas production was  with  is cumulative production of methane; P∞ = methane production potential; Rm = maximum specific speed methane production; λ = is lag phase period or minimum time to produce biogas; e = math constant (2.7182) and t = biogas production cumulative time. The equation first-order kinetic model was Y = Ym (1-exp(-k). The highest biogas yield was obtained by variable 3 in both kinetic studies compared to 70% cow dung, 15% chicken manure, and 15% tofu liquid waste. Gompertz's kinetic study predicted variable three would produce 3273.20 mL/g of total solid (TS). In comparison, the first-order kinetic model predicted that variable three would produce 3517.95 mL/(g Ts).

scholarly journals Effect of Organic Waste Addition into Animal Manure on Biogas Production Using Anaerobic Digestion Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-633
Author(s):  
Fahmi Arifan ◽  
Abdullah Abdullah ◽  
Siswo Sumardiono
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Biogas Yield

One biomass form with a high potential to replace fossil fuels is biogas. Biogas yield production depends on the raw material or substrate used. This research was aimed to investigate abiogas production technique using an anaerobic digestion process based on a substrate mixture of a starter, cow dung, chicken manure, tofu liquid waste, and cabbage waste.The anaerobic digestion is a promised process to reduce waste while it is also producing renewable energy.Moreover, the process can digest high nutrients in the waste. The anaerobic digestion results showed that the combination producing the highest biogas amount was 200 mg starter mixed with a ratio of 70% cow dung, 15% chicken manure, and 15% tofu liquid waste. The larger the amount of cabbage waste, the lower the biogas production. The quadratic regression analysisand kinetics model based on the Gompertz equation was obtained for the variable with the highest yield, compared to 70% cow dung, 15% chicken manure, and 15% tofu liquid waste and the estimated kinetic parameters based on the Gompertz equations revealed that the value of P∞ = 2,795.142 mL/gr.Ts, Rm = 113, 983.777 mL/gr.Ts, and t = 10.2 days. The results also conluded that the use of  tofu liquid waste produced more biogas than cabbage waste. This study also successfully showed significant development in terms of the amount of biogas produced by adding organic waste to animal manure as the substrate used

scholarly journals Recycling of Organic Wastes through the Vermicomposting Process of Cow Dung and Crop Residues

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Aminul Islam ◽  
Md Sharif Uddin Talukder ◽  
Md Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Mohammed Sadid Hossian ◽  
MG Mostofa
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Soil Microbial

Fertilizer is considered to be one of the main inputs for increasing crop yields. Chemical fertilizer industries are highly energy intensive and have a fundamental dependence on natural gas supply. On the other hand, organic fertilizers are the safer sources of plant nutrients without any detrimental effect on crops and soil. In the era of technological innovation, the farmers are interested to grow HYV rice and other diversified crops to support huge population of Bangladesh. So various harmful chemicals were used which degraded the health of the soil. Vermicompost is an excellent, nutrient-rich organic fertilizer and soil conditioner. It can bring back the fertility of the soil. Vermicomposting with earthworms has been recognized as a composting technique that transforms complex organic substances into stabilized, humus-like product. The application of vermicompost to the soil is considered as a good management practice in any agricultural production system because of the stimulation of soil microbial growth and activity and mineralization of plant nutrients and increased soil fertility and quality. This research focuses on producing nutrient-rich organic fertilizer by vermicomposting process from biomass. An experimental setup was carried out in Doulatpur, Kushtia targeting 10 tons output per month. Cow dung and crop residues were collected and followed vermicomposting method. Three cycles were maintained in the experiments i.e. 120 days per cycle-360 days in total and counted the vermi population for each consecutive cycle. The output fertilizer was analyzed in the laboratory and it was observed that the component ratios were suitable for agricultural lands. This fertilizer can also be used as a remedy for the barren lands. For the sustainable crop production and net improvement of soil productivity, vermicomposing is an excellent process to produce organic fertilizer from biomass.Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 1, 1-9, 2018

scholarly journals Effect of bioactive compounds released from Brassicaceae defatted seed meals on bacterial load in pig manure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Ugolini ◽  
Donatella Scarafile ◽  
Roberto Matteo ◽  
Eleonora Pagnotta ◽  
Lorena Malaguti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Enzymatic System ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Natural Substances

AbstractAnimal manure application to soils is considered to be one of the main cause of antibiotic and bacterial pathogen spread in the environment. Pig livestock, which is the source of one of the most used fertilizer for cultivated land, is also a hotspot for antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Besides harsh chemical and physical sanitization treatments for the abatement of antibiotics and bacterial load in livestock waste, more sustainable and environmentally friendly strategies need to be considered. In this context, the use of natural substances which are proved useful for pest and disease control is currently under exploration for their role in the reduction of bacterial pathogen population. Among these, plants and derived products from the Brassicaceae family, characterized by the presence of a defensive glucosinolate-myrosinase enzymatic system, have been successfully exploited for years in agriculture using the so-called biofumigation technique against crop diseases. Although the application of biofumigation to suppress a range of soil borne pests has been well documented, no studies have been examined to reduce bacterial population in animal waste. In the present study, the release and the antibacterial activity of bioactive compounds deriving from different Brassicaceae defatted seed meals against pathogens and bacterial population in pig manure is addressed. Rapistrum rugosum and Brassica nigra defatted seed meals were found to be the most active products against tested pathogens and able to significantly reduce the bacterial load in the manure.

scholarly journals Growing Food with Garbage: Effects of Six Waste Amendments on Soil and Vegetable Crops

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 896-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Long ◽  
Rebecca N. Brown ◽  
José A. Amador
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Yard Waste

Using organic wastes as agricultural amendments is a productive alternative to disposal in landfills, providing nutrients for plant growth and carbon to build soil organic matter. Despite these benefits, a large fraction of organic waste is sent to landfills. Obstacles to the adoption of wastes as sources of plant nutrients include questions about harmful effects to crops or soils and the wastes’ ability to produce satisfactory yields. We compared six organic waste amendments with a mineral fertilizer control (CN) to determine effects on soil quality, soil fertility, crop quality, and crop yield in 2013 and 2014. Waste amendments were applied at a rate sufficient to supply 10,000 kg organic C/ha over two seasons, and mineral fertilizer was applied to control plots to provide 112 kg-N/ha/yr. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with four replicates and three crops: sweet corn (Zea mays L. cv. Applause, Brocade, and Montauk), butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne cv. JWS 6823), and potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Eva). Amendment with biosolids/yard waste cocompost (BS), dehydrated restaurant food waste (FW), gelatin manufacturing waste (GW), multisource compost (MS), paper fiber/chicken manure blend (PF), and yard waste compost (YW) did not have a negative impact on soil moisture, bulk density, electrical conductivity (EC), or the concentration of heavy metals in soil or plant tissue. Our results indicate potential uses for waste amendments including significantly raising soil pH (MS) and increasing soil organic matter [OM (YW and BS)]. The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N) of waste amendments was not a reliable predictor of soil inorganic N levels, and only some wastes increased potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) levels relative to the control. Plots amended with BS, FW, and GW produced yields of sweet corn, butternut squash, and potatoes comparable with the control, whereas plots amended with YW, PF, and MS produced lower yields of sweet corn, squash, or both, although yields for potatoes were comparable with the control. In addition, the marketability of potatoes from PF plots was significantly better than that of the control in 2014. None of the wastes evaluated in this study had negative impacts on soil properties, some provided benefits to soil quality, and all produced comparable yields for at least one crop. Our results suggest that all six wastes have potential to be used as sources of plant nutrients.

scholarly journals Biogas Technology as an “Engine” for Facilitating Circular Bio-Economy in Denmark—The Case of Lolland & Falster Municipalities Within Region Zealand

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikke Lybæk ◽  
Tyge Kjær
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Gas Network ◽  
Biomass Resources ◽  
Integrated Energy System ◽  
Decentralized Energy ◽  
Biogas Technology

This article investigates how biogas technology can facilitate the deployment of municipal circular bio-economic solutions within the energy and agrarian sectors in Denmark. The emphasis is on the regional climate policy and the existing biogas technology concepts, within a decentralized energy market located in the Southern part of Zealand. The case analysis will identify how such technology can be utilized as a lever for future “extraction-activities,” as for example protein, wax, and furfural substrates. Within Falster & Lolland Municipalities, it is identified that 800.000 tons of animal manure is readily available for biogas production, just as 880.000 tons and 220.000 tons of unused beet tops and residual cereal straw could be feed to biogas facilities as for example co-silage materials. With a potential gas yield of approximately 897.000 MWh, composed by the crop residues alone, the challenge is how to utilize such resources the most efficient when addressing future needs for bio-products and high value materials and energy. Through the lens of Circular Bio-Economy this article addresses three themes, by which biogas technology can become an “engine” for future bioenergy solutions, where cascading activities and use of side-streams are developed: 1) production of biogas by means of local agricultural residues (beet tops, residual straw, and animal manure), combined with 2) “extraction-activities” as furfural and wax from straw, as well as protein from beet tops. Besides this 3) opportunities for upgrading the biogas and distributing it on a natural gas network, hereby enlarging the supply market for energy services from the biogas plant and facilitating the development of a more “integrated energy system,” currently being promoted by the European Commission. This article concludes on a step-by-step approach to utilize biomass residues more efficiently in light of the CBE concept and cascading approach, and the available biomass resources within the specific case area addressed.

scholarly journals Durability Issues and Corrosion of Structural Materials and Systems in Farm Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrysanthos Maraveas
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
Farm Structures ◽  
Materials Used

This review paper investigated the durability and corrosion of materials used in the construction of agricultural buildings. Even though concrete and metal were the materials of choice in the construction of farm structures, they are susceptible to corrosion and environmental degradation. Acid attacks result in the oxidation of metals and mass losses and reduced compressive strength of the metal structures. Concrete structures are degraded in high humidity environments, such as lagoons, agricultural effluents, and animal manure. Poultry, cow, and pig manure contain variable quantities of corrosion-inducing chemicals, such as sulfates, nitrates, chlorides, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia. However, the degradation of concrete structures can be mitigated by the utilization of modified concrete containing sulfur, fly ash, silica fume, and nanoparticles such as silica. Concrete structures made of fiber-reinforced polymers are less prone to corrosion and are more durable. The design for durability has also emerged as a viable option for optimizing the service life of agricultural buildings by adhering to the exposure limits.

Gypsum reduces methane emission during the storage of pig slurry

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Berg ◽  
A. Model
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Manure Management ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Ruminant Metabolism

Methane is the most prevalent greenhouse gas from animal agriculture. The main source of methane emission is ruminant metabolism; however, animal manure also makes a significant contribution. Manure management can offer possibilities for emission reduction. The influence of sulfur, in the form of gypsum (CaSO4), on methane emission from liquid pig manure during storage was determined at the laboratory scale. Manure was stored in open vessels (75 kg/vessel) over a period of 14 weeks. Three different dosages of gypsum, 1, 2 and 3 kg per vessel, were added at the beginning of the experimental period. There was a linear correlation between methane concentration and amount of added gypsum. Adding 4% gypsum to pig slurry by mass (3 kg) almost halved methane emission. Nearly all nitrous oxide emissions were eliminated by the gypsum treatments.

scholarly journals Effect of cow dung as organic manure on the growth, leaf biomass yield of Stevia rebaudiana and post harvest soil fertility

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Zaman ◽  
T Chowdhury ◽  
K Nahar ◽  
MAH Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Total N ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Post Harvest

Organic manures as a source of plant nutrients for the cultivation of field crops has received worldwide attention due to rising costs, rapid nutrient loss and adverse environmental impacts from inorganic fertilizers. A pot experiment was conducted in the net house of the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, BangladeshAgriculturalUniversity, Mymensingh to observe the effects of cow dung on growth, yield of stevia along with post-harvest fertility status of soil. Four treatments of CD viz. 0, 5, 7.5 and 10 t ha–1 in two contrasting soils (acid and non-calcareous) were examined following Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Growth and yield attributes increased significantly with the advancement of growth period (60 DAP) and increased rate of CD up to 10 t ha–1. An overall performance of non-calcareous soil was better than acid soil. In non-calcareous soil, the leaf biomass yield was increased by 275% whereas in acid soil it was 268% over control. The acidity of both soils significantly decreased with the increased rate of CD. All essential plant nutrients viz. total N, available P exchangeable K, Ca, Mg, available S, Zn, B and organic matter content of soil were significantly increased with the increased levels of CD up to its highest dose (CD @ 10 t ha–1) in both soils. Thus from the findings of the present research work it can be concluded that for getting optimum leaf biomass yield of stevia along with fertility of both soils CD should be applied @ 10 t ha–1J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(2): 206-211, December 2017

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