scholarly journals Simplified Plastic Hinge Model for Reinforced Concrete Beam–Column Joints with Eccentric Beams

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1303
Author(s):  
Hyeon-Jong Hwang ◽  
Chang-Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Plastic Hinge ◽  
Eurocode 8 ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Inelastic Behavior ◽  
Moment Frames ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Joint Width ◽  
Hinge Model

In nonlinear analysis for performance-based design of reinforced concrete moment frames, a plastic hinge spring element is predominantly used in order to simply and accurately describe the inelastic behavior of beam–column joints, including strength degradation. Although current design codes and guidelines provide various beam–column joint models, the focus is on concentric beam–column joints. Therefore, more studies are required for eccentric beam–column joints, which are also common in practice. In the present study, to consider the effect of beam eccentricity on the behavior of beam–column joints, a simplified plastic hinge model was proposed using the effective joint width of current design codes. The proposed model was compared to the cyclic loading test results of beam–column joints with/without beam eccentricity. The comparison showed that the simplified plastic hinge model with the effective joint width of NZS 3101-2006 or Eurocode 8 is considered acceptable for design purpose.

scholarly journals Elongation and load deflection characteristics of reinforced concrete members containing plastic hinges

1993 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Fenwick ◽  
L. M. Megget
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Plastic Hinge ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Plastic Hinges ◽  
Concrete Members ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Hinge Zone

In regions, described as plastic hinge zones, in beams and columns, tensile yielding of the reinforcement through flexural action can occur in severe earthquakes. Where the beams and columns are lightly loaded, axially, member elongation can occur. Test results show that axial extensions of the order of several percent of the member depth may be expected. This deformation, which is ignored in current design practice, can have a major influence on the distribution of forces in a structure and its ability to survive without collapse. This paper describes the way in which elongation develops in plastic hinge zones together with the form of load deflection characteristics associated with the development of different types of plastic hinge zone.

Preliminary observations from biaxial testing of a two-storey, two-by-one bay, reinforced concrete slotted beam superassembly

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Muir ◽  
D.K. Bull ◽  
S. Pampanin
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plastic Hinge ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Moment Frames ◽  
Biaxial Testing ◽  
Subtle Change ◽  
Static Testing ◽  
Area Of Concern

Displacement incompatibility between reinforced concrete moment frames and precast flooring systems has been shown experimentally, and in historical earthquakes, to be an area of concern. Plastic hinge formation necessitates beam damage and the resulting elongation of the beam reduces the seating length of the floor, exacerbates the floor damage and induces unanticipated force distributions in the system. In severe cases this can lead to collapse. The slotted beam is a detail that protects the integrity of the floor diaphragm, respects the hierarchy of strengths intended by the designer and sustains less damage. The detail provides the same ductility and moment resistance as traditional details, whilst exhibiting improved structural performance. This is achieved with only a subtle change in the detailing and no increase in build cost. This paper briefly presents the development of the slotted beam in reinforced concrete. The design and construction of a large scale reinforced concrete slotted beam superassembly is described. The experimental method used to undertake biaxial quasi-static testing is introduced. Preliminary observations from the experiment are presented. It is shown that the reinforced concrete slotted beam is a viable replacement for the traditional monolithic detail. Extremely promising structural performance and significantly reduced damage compared to monolithic reinforced concrete details is presented.

Comparison between Experiments and FEM Simulations of the Reinforced Concrete Structure under Shake Table Test

2013 ◽  
Vol 842 ◽  
pp. 477-481
Author(s):  
Ren Zuo Wang ◽  
Wen Yu Chang ◽  
Bing Chang Lin ◽  
Chao Hsun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Plastic Hinge ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Shake Table ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structure ◽  
Simulation Procedure ◽  
Nonlinear Responses ◽  
Rc Structure ◽  
Hinge Model

In this paper, the numerical simulation procedure of the reinforced concrete (RC) structure is purposed using SAP2000 software. The plastic hinge model (PHM) is using SWPH code. This PHM is to simulate the nonlinear responses of the RC structure under seismic. The numerical structural models are established using FEM models. The test specimen under shake table is two-span RC structure. In order to demonstrate the accuracy of RC structural model, comparisons between the experimental and numerical results are close. The proposed procedure can be used to simulate the nonlinear responses of RC structure under seismic.

scholarly journals Bending Load-Carrying Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected to Premature Failure

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Foraboschi
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Plastic Hinge ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
Bending Load ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Hinge Model

This paper investigates the ultimate flexural strength of reinforced concrete beams when affected by premature failure due to a rotational capacity of the first plastic hinge being consumed before the last plastic hinges reach their maximum possible moment. The paper provides a simple formula for predicting the ultimate load of a hyperstatically supported beam, taking into account the available ductility. The proposed formula is the result of calibration against the ultimate loads from a non-linear analysis on a variety of beams, with a wide spectrum of configurations and with concrete grades from 10.0 to 60.0 N/mm2. The formula in based on the plastic hinge model, making it easy to apply, and the ultimate bending moments allow for the actual rotational capacity, making predictions accurate.

scholarly journals Flexural Behavior of Posttensioned Concrete Beams with Unbonded High-Strength Strands

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Min Sook Kim ◽  
Young Hak Lee
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Hinge ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Strain Compatibility ◽  
Prestressing Steel ◽  
Concrete Members ◽  
Posttensioned Concrete ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Plastic Hinge Length

This paper assesses the applicability of high-strength strands to current design codes and various existing equations. To evaluate the flexural performance of posttensioned concrete members with Grade 2400 strands, a flexural experiment was conducted on eleven specimens. Test variables included the tensile strength of strands, the number of strands, the cross-section shape, and anchorage zone reinforcement details. The test results were compared with ACI 318-19, AASHTO, and equations of Du and Tao, Naaman and Alkhari, and Harajli to evaluate the applicability of flexural strength equations for posttensioned concrete members using unbonded high-strength strands. Results indicated that the provisions of ACI 318-19 and AASHTO design codes and the existing equations underestimated the increased stress of the high-strength strands. Additionally, results demonstrate that improved equations are needed to consider the strain-compatibility model, plastic hinge length, and relationship between bonded reinforcement, concrete, and prestressing steel in posttensioned members using high-strength strands.

scholarly journals Numerical Investigation of Influential Parameters Concerning the Experimental Testing of RC Frames Under Cyclic Loading

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-243
Author(s):  
E. Kirtas ◽  
D.J. Kakaletsis
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Plastic Hinge ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Inelastic Behavior ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Frame ◽  
Concrete Frame ◽  
Influential Parameters

Numerical simulations have been widely used to study the inelastic response of reinforced concrete structures under earthquake loading. Yet, due to the complex nature of structural inelastic behavior, experimental results are often required to verify the efficiency of applied numerical schemes. In this paper, experimental results of bare reinforced concrete frame models are employed to validate numerical calculations using the code Seismostruct. Moreover, numerical simulations investigate the influential parameters related to the physical experiment configuration and numerical analysis options and determine their effect on the obtained structural response. The experimental setup concerns a well-defined case study of a reinforced concrete frame under cyclic horizontal loading. The fixed base frame is subjected to increasing horizontal forces, leading to the development of plastic hinges at the structural elements. The adopted numerical approach describes successfully the inelastic behavior of the frame, as indicated by the obtained results of the overall structural response as well as the plastic hinge formation at cross section level. Comparison of the plastic hinge formation mechanism in particular, raises interesting remarks on the conditions and constraints of the physical experiments and highlights the valuable contribution of numerical simulations in their design.

Assessment of current design procedures for conical tanks under seismic loading

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1151-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jolie ◽  
M.M. Hassan ◽  
A.A. El Damatty
Keyword(s):  
Hydrodynamic Pressure ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Eurocode 8 ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Seismic Excitations ◽  
Equivalent Mechanical Model ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Conical Tanks ◽  
Cylindrical Tanks

This study is motivated by the fact that no design provisions currently exist specifically for conical tanks under seismic excitations. The design of liquid storage structures is governed by the American Water Works Association (AWWA), American Petroleum Institute (API), or Eurocode 8. An approximate method based on replacing the conical tank with an equivalent cylinder is given in these design codes. The state of stresses in conical tanks is different than that of cylindrical tanks. A previously established equivalent mechanical model is used to determine the response of a number of conical tanks under horizontal excitations. The models incorporate the different components of the hydrodynamic pressure and account for flexibility of the tank walls. Using an assortment of seismic hazard areas, the maximum base shear force and overturning moment are evaluated for a number of conical tanks. Those are compared to the corresponding values predicted by the design codes using the equivalent cylinder approach. The results reveal that this approximate approach is not adequate for designing conical tanks to resist seismic excitations.

scholarly journals Behavioral Investigation of Reinforced Concrete T-Beams with Distributed Reinforcement in the Tension Flange

2021 ◽  
Vol 318 ◽  
pp. 03010
Author(s):  
Rafaa M. Abbas ◽  
Wesal A. Fadala
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Beam Specimen ◽  
Effective Width ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Effective Flange Width ◽  
T Beam ◽  
Distributed Reinforcement

Current design codes and specifications allow for part of the bonded flexure tension reinforcement to be distributed over an effective flange width when the T-beams' flanges are in tension. This study presents an experimental and numerical investigation on the reinforced concrete flanged section's flexural behavior when reinforcement in the tension flange is laterally distributed. To achieve the goals of the study, numerical analysis using the finite element method was conducted on discretized flanged beam models validated via experimentally tested T-beam specimen. Parametric study was performed to investigate the effect of different parameters on the T-beams flexural behavior. The study revealed that a significant reduction in the beam flexural strength with increasing deflection is encountered as a sizable percentage of reinforcement is distributed over the wider flange width. The study recommended that not more than 33% of the tension reinforcement may be distributed over an effective flange width not wider than ℓn/10. This result confirms and agrees well the ACI 318 limit on the effective width to be less than ℓn/10.

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