scholarly journals Damage and Technical Wear of Tenement Houses in Fuzzy Set Categories

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1484
Author(s):  
Jarosław Konior ◽  
Marek Sawicki ◽  
Mariusz Szóstak
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Subjective Factor ◽  
Technical Maintenance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Stage ◽  
Good Medium

The results and conclusions of the research presented in the article concern the topic of the technical maintenance and wear of traditionally erected residential buildings. The cause and effect relations between the occurrence of damage to the elements of tenement houses, which are treated as an expression of their maintenance conditions, and the size of the technical wear of these elements were determined in a representative and purposefully selected sample of 102 apartment houses built in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Wroclaw, Poland downtown district “Srodmiescie”. Recognition of the impact of the maintenance of residential buildings on the level of their technical wear was carried out using quantitative methods from fuzzy set categories, and also with the use of the authors’ own model. The created model, based on the Zadeh function, was created in fuzzy conditions for the purpose of assessing the degree of damage to selected building elements. The treatment of the problem with regard to fuzzy criteria allowed for the synthesis of elementary criteria, which give the greatest approximations at the technical research stage of a residential building, into a global assessment of the degree of the wear of its elements. Moreover, it also significantly reduced the subjective factor of this assessment, which had a significant impact on the results of the research obtained in the case of good, medium and poor conditions of tenement houses. It was proven that the conditions of maintenance and use of buildings determine the amount of technical wear of their elements. The state of exploitation of the examined tenement houses is reflected in the mechanical damage to the internal structure of the elements (determined in fuzzy categories). This damage has a significant frequency and cumulative effects, and is characteristic for buildings with satisfactory and average maintenance.

scholarly journals Fuzzy Relations Matrixes of Damages and Technical Wear Related to Apartment Houses

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2223
Author(s):  
Jarosław Konior ◽  
Tomasz Stachoń
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Fuzzy Relations ◽  
Fuzzy Relational Equations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Building Elements

The research presented in this article was conducted on a representative and purposefully selected sample of 102 residential buildings that were erected in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the downtown district of Wroclaw (Poland). The degree of the technical wear of an old residential building is determined by the conditions of its maintenance and operation. The diagnosis of the impact of the maintenance of residential buildings on the degree of their technical wear was carried out using quantitative methods in the categories of fuzzy sets and also by using the authors’ own models created in fuzzy conditions. It was proved that the expression of the operational state of a building, considered as the process that plays the greatest role in its accelerated destruction, is mechanical damage to the internal structure of its elements. This damage is determined in the categories of fuzzy sets and has a high frequency and a cumulative effect of occurrence, which are characteristic for buildings in satisfactory and average maintenance conditions. The use of simple operations in fuzzy set calculus enabled the impact of elementary damage that occurs with a specific frequency, as well as the measure of its correlation on the observed technical wear of building elements to be considered. As a result, it was possible to identify the elementary damage that determines the degree of the technical wear of a building element. For each of the selected building elements, the maximal and minimal fuzzy relational equations (damage and technical wear) were determined. Their solutions were given in the form of clear relational matrixes that constitute big data arrays. They define the domain and range of the maximal and minimal fuzzy relations, the height of the fuzzy relations, their differences, and the place of their occurrence between the maximal and minimal dependencies.

scholarly journals Influence of Age on the Technical Wear of Tenement Houses

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Jarosław Konior ◽  
Marek Sawicki ◽  
Mariusz Szóstak
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Building Maintenance ◽  
Technical Maintenance ◽  
Traditional Construction ◽  
The Impact

The research presented in the article, which includes methods, models, and conclusions, contains synthetic and analytical model solutions concerning the problems of the technical maintenance and wear of residential buildings with a traditional construction. The cause and effect relationships between the occurrence of damage in the elements of tenement houses (treated as proof of their maintenance conditions), and the size of the technical wear of these elements were determined using a representative and purposefully selected sample of 102 residential buildings erected during the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Wroclaw’s “Downtown” district. Quantitative damage analysis, which was carried out using empirical (visual) methods of assessing the technical condition of a building, indicates the type and size of damage to the building’s elements that are characteristic for the relevant maintenance conditions. Research concerning the cause–effect relationships (“damage–technical wear”) in observed states allows for a numerical approach to the impact of building maintenance conditions on the degree of the technical wear of its components. The maintenance and exploitation conditions determine the degree of the technical wear of the elements of an old residential building. The exploitation condition of these buildings is manifested by damage to elements caused by water and moisture penetration, which is especially important for poorly maintained buildings. The article shows that the age of the elements of an old residential building with a traditional construction is of secondary importance in the process of the intensity of losing its serviceability value. It was calculated that no more than 30% of the damage of building components is explained by the passage of time, and it is therefore not age that determines the course of the technical wear of the elements of the analyzed tenement houses.

scholarly journals How Climate Trends Impact on the Thermal Performance of a Typical Residential Building in Madrid

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Soutullo ◽  
E. Giancola ◽  
M. J. Jiménez ◽  
J. A. Ferrer ◽  
M. N. Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
The Impact

Based on the European energy directives, the building sector has to provide comfortable levels for occupants with minimum energy consumption as well as to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This paper aims to compare the impact of climate change on the energy performance of residential buildings in order to derive potential design strategies. Different climate file inputs of Madrid have been used to quantify comparatively the thermal needs of two reference residential buildings located in this city. One of them represents buildings older than 40 years built according to the applicable Spanish regulations prior to 1979. The other refers to buildings erected in the last decade under more energy-restrictive constructive regulations. Three different climate databases of Madrid have been used to assess the impact of the evolution of the climate in recent years on the thermal demands of these two reference buildings. Two of them are typical meteorological years (TMY) derived from weather data measured before 2000. On the contrary, the third one is an experimental file representing the average values of the meteorological variables registered in Madrid during the last decade. Annual and monthly comparisons are done between the three climate databases assessing the climate changes. Compared to the TMYs databases, the experimental one records an average air temperature of 1.8 °C higher and an average value of relative humidity that is 9% lower.

scholarly journals Architecture of residential environment in the settlements along the Chinese Eastern Railway

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-48
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Glatolenkova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Residential Environment ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Southern Branch ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the peculiarities of formation of residential areas along the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER); analyzes the pattern of settlements; and examines the architectural nuances of residential buildings. The object of this research is the architectural urban development peculiarities of Russian railroad stations on the territory of Northern Manchuria. The subject of this research is the residential environment in the settlements along the Chinese Eastern Railway. The chronological framework covers the first three decades of the XX century: beginning of construction and first years of exploitation of the railway, characterized by active urban development process and creation of full-fledged environment for accommodation of construction workers, railway workers, migrants from Russia, Southern Manchuria and mainland China. The theoretical foundation for this study consists in the systemic-axiological approach, according to which the culture defines the system of materialistic and spiritual values passed from one generation to another, and allows determining the value grounds of cultural interaction and its panhuman significance. The work explores the peculiarities of architecture and urban development in the settlements along CER. Study is carried out on the construction process of the railway and living conditions of first workers, approaches towards design of the stations of the main line and the southern branch, as well as architecture of residential building of the settlements. The author considers the impact of Russian environment upon the existing Chinese cities, and the use of the traditional Chinese approaches in the projects by the Russian engineers and architects.

Subjective and objective evaluation of the impact and airborne sound insulation of multi-unit residential buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (6) ◽  
pp. 778-786
Author(s):  
Maedot S. Andargie ◽  
Marianne Touchie ◽  
William O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Acoustic Comfort ◽  
Acoustic Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Multi-unit residential building (MURB) occupants often express dissatisfaction with their suites' acoustic conditions despite existing building acoustic standards and regulations as well as growing research on noise control and building acoustics. Reasons for this include the lack of proper characterization of acoustic comfort in MURBs and lack of comprehensive and stringent regulations. To better understand factors that impact acoustic comfort and explore strategies to improve the acoustic performance of MURBs, investigations of acoustic conditions were carried out. This work presents the results of the investigations which include subjective and objective evaluations of acoustic conditions in two MURBs. Impact sound insulation measurements using both a tapping machine and a rubber ball as well as 24-hour indoor noise monitoring were carried out in unoccupied suites. An online survey was then used to collect subjective assessments of the noise conditions in the buildings and the effects on occupants' comfort post occupancy. Results of the data analysis suggest that occupants are more sensitive to low-frequency impact sounds than mid- and high-frequency impact noise.

scholarly journals Predicting the impact of traffic–induced vibrations on buildings using artificial neural networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 04004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Jakubczyk-Gałczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Original Algorithm ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
The Impact

Traffic–induced vibrations may constitute a considerable load to a building, cause cracking of plaster, cracks in load–bearing elements or even a global structural collapse of the whole structure [1-4]. Vibrations measurements of real structures are costly and laborious, not justified in all cases. The aim of the paper is to create an original algorithm, to predict the negative dynamic impact on the examined residential building with a high probability. The model to forecast the impact of vibrations on buildings is based on artificial neural networks [5]. The author’s own field studies carried out according to the Polish standard [6] and literature examples [7-10] have been used to create the algorithms. The results of the conducted analysis show that an artificial neural network can be considered a good tool to predict the impact of traffic–induced vibrations on residential buildings, with a sufficiently high reliability.

scholarly journals Vibrations induced by the passage of trains at various speeds and their effect on the structural response of buildings - an experimental and numerical analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 13007
Author(s):  
Barbara Kożuch ◽  
Filip Pachla ◽  
Tadeusz Tatara
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Vibration Measurement ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Train Speed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents a selection of vibration measurement results and analyses performed with regard to their harmfulness to residential buildings. The first part of the paper refers to the analysis of railway vibrations measured in situ at the foundation level of residential building. These vibration records were then used to assess the harmfulness of vibrations relating to each train speed. Assessment of the vibration harmfulness of the building was performed with an indicator of the perceptibility of vibration through a structure (WODB), according to the Polish standard. The second part of the study refers to the creation of dynamic models of buildings with the use of the ‘Diana’ software program and analysis of their responses to railway vibrations. The thresholds specified by the standard in any of the train speeds of up to 250 km/h were not exceeded. Nevertheless, propagation of vibrations induced by train passages and their effect on the structural response of buildings is a complex phenomenon. Without in situ measurements, it is hard to assess the impact of induced vibrations on buildings. As proven in the paper, a train moving on a track at various speeds does not uniformly make the vibration greater in each frequency band.

Analysis on the Effect of Shape Coefficient to Energy Saving in Residential Buildings

2012 ◽  
Vol 450-451 ◽  
pp. 1425-1428
Author(s):  
Xiao Ping Feng ◽  
Hui Lin ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Hu Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Shape Coefficient ◽  
Building Shape ◽  
Building Plane ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Building shape coefficient is an important factor in building energy saving design. In order to analyze the influence of shape coefficient to the energy consumption, a typical residential building is simulated by BECS software to analyze the changing regular patterns of the energy consumption for heating and air conditioning while the building shape coefficient is made different. The relationship between building height and shape coefficient, and the impact of the building plane layout on the energy consumption are also analyzed. The results show that the reduction of shape coefficient is benefit to enhance the effect of energy saving.

Maintenance strategy for public-rented residential building: a case study in Jakarta, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Putri Arumsari ◽  
Ayomi Dita Rarasati
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Maintenance Management ◽  
Maintenance Strategy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Building Maintenance ◽  
The Creation

Purpose Several public-rented residential buildings in the Jakarta province are in slum conditions. The purpose of this paper is to propose an alternative maintenance strategy to be adopted by public-rented residential buildings to avoid the creation of slum conditions. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative and quantitative methods were adopted. The research first identified factors in maintenance management that affect the physical condition of a building through literature review and preliminary interview with the building occupants and building staffs. The factors are then used to develop a questionnaire that is distributed to 856 respondents in four buildings in East Jakarta. Only 552 completed questionnaires were used to identify the dominant factors through descriptive analysis by calculating the percentage of each answer. Findings The research found that the dominant factors in maintenance management, which influence the creation of slums condition in public-rented residential building are the level of damage and quality deterioration of the building material and the level of building maintenance budget availability. Research limitations/implications The maintenance situation and regulation regarding public-rented residential buildings in other provinces in Indonesia may not be the same with Jakarta Province due to the local autonomy and local problems. Therefore, the result from this research might not be applicable in other provinces in Indonesia. Originality/value This research identifies the factors in maintenance management, which affect the creation of slum conditions in public-rented residential buildings so that necessary maintenance measures can be carried out by the agency in charge.

scholarly journals The Impact of Modern Artificial Lighting on the Optimum Window-to-Wall Ratio of Residential Buildings in Jordan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5888
Author(s):  
Aiman Albatayneh ◽  
Haya Atieh ◽  
Mustafa Jaradat ◽  
Murad Al-Omary ◽  
Maha Zaquot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Residential Structures ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
Ashrae Standards ◽  
The Impact

Energy savings gained through natural lighting could be offset by the loss of energy through windows; therefore, the target of this study is to examine the effects of enhancing the efficiency of lighting systems on the optimum window-to-wall ratio (WWR) of Jordanian residential structures. This research proposes the hypothesis that the WWR of residential structures that contain artificial lighting systems with increased efficiency will be lower than buildings in which solar lighting is provided. The energy simulation tool, DesignBuilder, was used to simulate an intricate model showing a standard Jordanian residential building with a size of 130 m2. The study offers useful guidance regarding the optimum WWR for key decisionmakers when designing energy-efficient residential structures in the context of Jordan. By considering the balance between gains and losses in solar heat and light gain to exploit energy from solar sources with no reverse effects, while making comparisons between different WWR situations, the findings indicate that the typical WWR for residential structures in Jordan that have efficient Light Emitting Diode (LED) systems of lighting installed could be between 25% and 30%, which is lower than the highest WWR stipulated by the ASHRAE standards.

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