Correlation between Heavy Metal-Induced Histopathological Changes and Trophic Interactions between Different Fish Species

This study assessed the distribution of heavy metals in the gills, kidney, and liver, correlated with the severity of histopathological changes, of three fish species with different feeding habitats (Barbus barbus, Squalius cephalus, and Chondrostoma nasus) from the Crișul Negru river, Romania. The levels of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in fish tissues were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Histopathology and the expressions of TNF-α and proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were investigated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Our data suggest a significant correlation between the bioconcentration level of metals and structural changes. The carnivorous species was the most affected compared to the omnivorous and herbivorous ones, and the most affected organ was the kidney. Moreover, the correlation of tissue damage with the PCNA and TNF-α expression levels revealed that the herbivorous species presented less extended lesions, likely due to higher activated repair mechanisms and lower levels of inflammation. In conclusion, our data and the subsequent statistical analysis suggest that feeding behavior could be correlated with the histopathological alterations and might be used for a more profound evaluation of aquatic environment safety and analysis of aquatic ecosystems.

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Comparison of ovarian cycles of Hungarian riverine fish species representing different spawning strategies 441

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/352-cjas ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (No. 10) ◽

pp. 441-452 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

K.K. Lefler ◽

Á. Hegyi ◽

F. Baska ◽

J. Gál ◽

Á. Horváth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fish Species ◽

Ovarian Cycle ◽

Spawning Period ◽

Barbus Barbus ◽

Chondrostoma Nasus ◽

Leuciscus Idus ◽

Riverine Fish ◽

White Bream ◽

Heterogeneous Size

Investigations on the ovarian cycle of fish species that inhabit Hungarian rivers are necessitated by both environmental and economic reasons. The objective of our research was to explore new fundamental knowledge concerning the ovarian cycle of the white bream (Blicca bjoerkna, Linnaeus, 1758), barbel (Barbus barbus, Linnaeus, 1758), orfe (Leuciscus idus, Linnaeus, 1758) and nase (Chondrostoma nasus, Linnaeus, 1758). Histological investigation of ovaries and determination of proportions of oocytes in different stages of development is an appropriate method for the description of spawning characteristics of these species. Our results show that the GSI value for all four investigated species starts to increase at the end of summer and reaches its maximum before spawning. In the barbel and white bream, the presence of oocytes in the stage of cortical alveoli and the heterogeneous size of oocytes in the stage of vitellogenesis in the pre-spawning period indicate that barbel and white bream are multiple spawners. In contrast, in the orfe and nase, the absence of oocytes in the stage of cortical alveoli and the homogeneous size of cells in the stage of vitellogenesis indicate that orfe and nase are single spawners.

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Assessment of Spawning and Nursery Areas in the River Meuse

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1994.0124 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 297-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

F. T. Vriese ◽

S. Semmekrot ◽

A. J. P. Raat

Keyword(s):

Fish Species ◽

Perca Fluviatilis ◽

Main Stream ◽

Nursery Areas ◽

Barbus Barbus ◽

River Meuse ◽

Perch Perca Fluviatilis ◽

Chondrostoma Nasus ◽

Leuciscus Idus ◽

Tench Tinca Tinca

In commission of Rijkswaterstaat Directorate Limburg, a desk study was carried out by the OVB to assess whether fish species in the river Meuse are restricted in their abundance and distribution by the lack of appropriate spawning habitat. The area studied comprises the Dutch part of the river between Eijsden and Hedel, including old river arms and former gravel pits connected with the main stream. Not included in the study is the Grensmaas, a non-canalised stretch of the river. A total of 21 fish species were selected, whose habitat requirements regarding spawning and growth were collected by a literature survey. The assessment was made by relating habitat-associated factors (water depth, rate of flow, substratum, macrophytes) with fish-specific requirements on spawning and growth. Thus it was possible to assess per river section of 100 meters length its potential suitability as spawning and nursery area for 17 species. It was concluded that no potential spawning and nursery areas are available for barbel (Barbus barbus), chub (Leuciscus cephalus), nose carp (Chondrostoma nasus) and dace (Leuciscus leuciscus). The presence of these species in the study area can be explained by migration out of the Grensmaas. Only on 1.5 % of the total amount of river sections macrophytes are present, which obviously limits the possibilities for the phytophilic species pike (Esox lucius), tench (Tinca tinca), crucian carp (Carassius carassius), carp (Cyprinus carpio), bitterling (Rhode us sericeus amarus), white bream (Blicca bjoerkna) and rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus). For ide (Leuciscus idus), gudgeon (Gobio gobio), bleak (Alburnus alburnus), perch (Perca fluviatilis), pikeperch (Stizostedion hicioperca) and ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernua) potential spawning and nursery areas are abundantly present.

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Effect of camphor on biochemical factors and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, inflammatory and apoptotic factors against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

Journal of Renal Injury Prevention ◽

10.34172/jrip.2021.21 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. e21-e21

Author(s):

Ali Valibeik ◽

Negar Naderi ◽

Abdolhakim Amini ◽

Niloufar Tavakoli Dastjerd ◽

Sobhan Rahimi Monfared ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Caspase 3 ◽

B Cell Lymphoma ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Tnf Α

Introduction: Camphor is a natural antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and tissue repair properties. Nephrotoxicity is the most important side effect of gentamicin (GEM) administration. Therefore, investigating the effect of natural antioxidants can resolve this complication. Objectives: We aimed to assay the effect of camphor on biochemical factors and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes (catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GPX]) and inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], nuclear factor kappa-B [NF-κB], interleukine-6 [IL-6]), and apoptotic indices (BCL2-associated X protein [Bax], B-cell lymphoma 2 [Bcl-2], caspase-3)], against GEM-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty adult male Wistar rats were allocated to five groups. Positive control and treatment groups were given GEM to induce nephrotoxicity. Animal treatment groups were treated with camphor in olive oil for 12 days. Renal biopsies, serum, extraction of renal tissue and urine of rats were taken after the twelfth day. Biopsies were examined for structural changes using a light microscope, moreover, apoptosis, desired biochemical and inflammatory factors, were investigated by suitable methods. Results: Camphor had no effect on biochemical factors, including malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), urea, creatinine and urine protein. However, it reduced the gene expression of TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-6, Bax, and caspase-3 and increased the gene expression of GPX and CAT and Bcl-2. Moreover, camphor improved kidney histopathological changes in the camphor groups in comparison with the GEM group. Conclusion: Camphor can be useful in the attenuation of GEM-induced nephrotoxicity based on expression levels of examined enzymes and factors and improving kidney histopathological changes.

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Harvest Rates of Rheophilic Fish Vimba vimba, Chondrostoma nasus, and Barbus barbus Have a Strong Relationship with Restocking Rates and Harvest Rates of Their Predator Silurus glanis in Lowland Mesotrophic Rivers in Central Europe

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su132011379 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (20) ◽

pp. 11379

Author(s):

Roman Lyach

Keyword(s):

Fish Species ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Additive Model ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Harvest Rate ◽

Silurus Glanis ◽

Barbus Barbus ◽

Chondrostoma Nasus ◽

Fish Harvest ◽

Rheophilic Fish

The European catfish Silurus glanis (Linnaeus, 1758) is an expanding apex piscivorous predator whose predation may drive fish harvest rates and fish populations. This study aimed to analyze the relationships between intensive catfish stocking/harvesting and harvest rates of putative catfish prey–three rheophilic fish species: vimba bream Vimba vimba, nase Chondrostoma nasus, and barbel Barbus barbus (Linnaeus, 1758). The GAM (generalized additive model) was used to analyze the relationships between the harvest rate and the stocking intensity rate of the catfish and the three rheophilic fish species. The harvest rates and stocking intensity rates were obtained from mandatory angling logbooks collected from 38,000 individual recreational anglers by the Czech Fishing Union on 176 fishing sites over the years 2005–2017 in central Bohemia and Prague (the Czech Republic). Our results show that a higher intensity of catfish stocking and harvesting resulted in a lower harvest rate of rheophilic fishes. Conversely, the stocking rates of rheophilic fishes were not significantly correlated to their harvest rates. In conclusion, a significant negative relationship was found between the harvest rate and the restocking rates of rheophilic fishes and their predator, suggesting that fisheries managers should not perform intensive stocking of both catfish and rheophilic fishes on the same rivers.

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Effects of Myo-inositol Alone and in Combination with Seleno-Lmethionine on Cadmium-Induced Testicular Damage in Mice

Current Molecular Pharmacology ◽

10.2174/1874467212666190620143303 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 311-323 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Salvatore Benvenga ◽

Antonio Micali ◽

Giovanni Pallio ◽

Roberto Vita ◽

Consuelo Malta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structural Changes ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Minor Role ◽

Positive Role ◽

Testosterone Levels ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Testicular Lesions ◽

A Minor ◽

Immunohistochemical Analyses

Background: Cadmium (Cd) impairs gametogenesis and damages the blood-testis barrier. Objective: As the primary mechanism of Cd-induced damage is oxidative stress, the effects of two natural antioxidants, myo-inositol (MI) and seleno-L-methionine (Se), were evaluated in mice testes. Methods: Eighty-four male C57 BL/6J mice were divided into twelve groups: 0.9% NaCl (vehicle; 1 ml/kg/day i.p.); Se (0.2 mg/kg/day per os); Se (0.4 mg/kg/day per os); MI (360 mg/kg/day per os); MI plus Se (0.2 mg/kg/day); MI plus Se (0.4 mg/kg/day); CdCl2 (2 mg/kg/day i.p.) plus vehicle; CdCl2 plus MI; CdCl2 plus Se (0.2 mg/kg/day); CdCl2 plus Se (0.4 mg/kg/day); CdCl2 plus MI plus Se (0.2 mg/kg/day); and CdCl2 plus MI plus Se (0.4 mg/kg/day). After 14 days, testes were processed for biochemical, structural and immunohistochemical analyses. Results: CdCl2 increased iNOS and TNF-α expression and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, lowered glutathione (GSH) and testosterone, induced testicular lesions, and almost eliminated claudin-11 immunoreactivity. Se administration at 0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg significantly reduced iNOS and TNF-α expression, maintained GSH, MDA and testosterone levels, structural changes and low claudin-11 immunoreactivity. MI alone or associated with Se at 0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg significantly reduced iNOS and TNF-α expression and MDA levels, increased GSH and testosterone levels, ameliorated structural organization and increased claudin-11 patches number. Conclusion: We demonstrated a protective effect of MI, a minor role of Se and an evident positive role of the association between MI and Se on Cd-induced damages of the testis. MI alone or associated with Se might protect testes in subjects exposed to toxicants, at least to those with behavior similar to Cd.

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The Impact of Royal Jelly against Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Hepatocyte Damage in Rats: The Role of Cytoglobin, Nrf-2/HO-1/COX-4, and P38-MAPK/NF-κB-p65/TNF-α Signaling Pathways

Current Molecular Pharmacology ◽

10.2174/1874467213666200514223829 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 88-100

Author(s):

Fares E.M. Ali ◽

Heba M. Saad Eldien ◽

Nashwa A.M. Mostafa ◽

Abdulrahman H. Almaeen ◽

Mohamed R.A. Marzouk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathways ◽

P38 Mapk ◽

Royal Jelly ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Hepatic Ischemia ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

The Impact

Objective: The present study was conducted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism as well as the potential hepatoprotective effects of royal jelly (RJ) against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Methods: Rats were assigned into four groups; sham (received vehicle), IR (30 minutes ischemia and 45 minutes reperfusion), sham pretreated with RJ (200 mg/kg P.O.), and IR pretreated with RJ (200 mg/kg P.O.). The experiment has lasted for 28 days. Results: Hepatic IR significantly induced hepatic dysfunctions, as manifested by elevation of serum transaminases, ALP and LDH levels. Moreover, hepatic IR caused a significant up-regulation of P38-MAPK, NF-κB-p65, TNF-α and MDA levels along with marked down-regulation of Nrf-2, HO-1, COX-4, cytoglobin, IκBa, IL-10, GSH, GST and SOD levels. Additionally, marked histopathological changes were observed after hepatic IR injury. On the contrary, pretreatment with RJ significantly improved hepatic functions along with the alleviation of histopathological changes. Moreover, RJ restored oxidant/antioxidant balance as well as hepatic expressions of Nrf-2, HO-1, COX-4, and cytoglobin. Simultaneously, RJ significantly mitigated the inflammatory response by down-regulation of P38-MAPK, NF-κB-p65, TNF-α expression. Conclusion: The present results revealed that RJ has successfully protected the liver against hepatic IR injury through modulation of cytoglobin, Nrf-2/HO-1/COX-4, and P38-MAPK/NF-κB-p65/TNF-α signaling pathways.

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Vanillin protects lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting ERK1/2, p38 and NF-κB pathway

Future Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.4155/fmc-2018-0432 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (16) ◽

pp. 2081-2094 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tingting Guo ◽

Zhenzhong Su ◽

Qi Wang ◽

Wei Hou ◽

Junyao Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Lung Injury ◽

Lung Injury ◽

Western Blot ◽

Lung Inflammation ◽

Macrophage Activation ◽

Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Aim: Thus far, the anti-inflammatory effect of vanillin in acute lung injury (ALI) has not been studied. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vanillin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Results & methodology: Our study detected the anti-inflammatory effects of vanillin by ELISA and western blot, respectively. Pretreatment of mice with vanillin significantly attenuated LPS-stimulated lung histopathological changes, myeloperoxidase activity and expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the phosphorylation activities of ERK1/2, p38, AKT and NF-κB p65. In addition, vanillin inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 expression in RAW264.7 cells via ERK1/2, p38 and NF-κB signaling. Conclusion: Vanillin can inhibit macrophage activation and lung inflammation, which suggests new insights for clinical treatment of ALI.

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Carvacrol and Thymol Modulate the Cross-Talk between TNF-α and IGF-1 Signaling in Radiotherapy-Induced Ovarian Failure

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2019/3173745 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Yasmen F. Mahran ◽

Amira M. Badr ◽

Alhanouf Aldosari ◽

Raghad Bin-Zaid ◽

Hind N. Alotaibi

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cross Talk ◽

Ovarian Failure ◽

Radioprotective Effect ◽

Whole Body ◽

Nuclear Antigen ◽

Hormonal Changes ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Ovarian Damage ◽

The Cross

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a common cause of infertility in premenopausal women who are unavoidably exposed to cytotoxic therapy. Radiotherapy is one of the most effective cytotoxic treatments. However, the radiosensitivity of ovarian tissues limits its therapeutic outcome and results in the depletion of the primordial follicle and loss of fertility. Therefore, the need for an effective radioprotective therapy is evident especially when none of the current clinically used modalities for radioprotection succeeds efficiently. The present study investigated the potential radioprotective effect of carvacrol (CAR) (80 mg) or thymol (80 mg) on gamma- (γ-) irradiation-induced ovarian damage as well as their role in the cross-talk between IGF-1 and TNF-α signaling and antioxidative activity. In immature female Wister rats, a single dose of whole-body irradiation (3.2 Gy, L D 20 ) produced considerable ovarian damage, which was evident by histopathological findings and hormonal changes. Interestingly, pretreatment with CAR or thymol significantly enhanced the follicular development and restored the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), E2, and FSH levels. Both essential oils improved the irradiation-mediated oxidative stress and reduction in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. Moreover, irradiated rats exhibited an inverse relationship between IGF-1 and TNF-α levels two days post irradiation, which was further inverted by the pretreatment with CAR and thymol and ought to contribute in their radioprotective mechanisms. In conclusion, CAR and thymol showed a radioprotective effect and rescued the ovarian reserve mainly through counteracting oxidative stress and the dysregulated cross-talk between IGF-1 and TNF-α.

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Molecular and Histopathological Changes Associated with Keratoconus

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/7803029 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Mariam Lotfy Khaled ◽

Inas Helwa ◽

Michelle Drewry ◽

Mutsa Seremwe ◽

Amy Estes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structural Changes ◽

Corneal Transplantation ◽

Leading Indicators ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Molecular Defects ◽

Research Areas ◽

Fourth Decade ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

Opening Up ◽

Corneal Thinning

Keratoconus (KC) is a corneal thinning disorder that leads to loss of visual acuity through ectasia, opacity, and irregular astigmatism. It is one of the leading indicators for corneal transplantation in the Western countries. KC usually starts at puberty and progresses until the third or fourth decade; however its progression differs among patients. In the keratoconic cornea, all layers except the endothelium have been shown to have histopathological structural changes. Despite numerous studies in the last several decades, the mechanisms of KC development and progression remain unclear. Both genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of KC. Many previous articles have reviewed the genetic aspects of KC, but in this review we summarize the histopathological features of different layers of cornea and discuss the differentially expressed proteins in the KC-affected cornea. This summary will help emphasize the major molecular defects in KC and identify additional research areas related to KC, potentially opening up possibilities for novel methods of KC prevention and therapeutic intervention.

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Recognition sequences and structural elements contribute to shedding susceptibility of membrane proteins

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj3530663 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 353 (3) ◽

pp. 663-672 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Katja ALTHOFF ◽

Jürgen MÜLLBERG ◽

Dorthe AASLAND ◽

Nicole VOLTZ ◽

Karl-Josef KALLEN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cleavage Site ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Phorbol Esters ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Proximal Region ◽

Leukaemia Inhibitory Factor ◽

Transforming Growth Factor Α ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Interleukin 6 Receptor ◽

Factor Α

Although regulated ectodomain shedding affects a large panel of structurally and functionally unrelated proteins, little is known about the mechanisms controlling this process. Despite a lack of sequence similarities around cleavage sites, most proteins are shed in response to the stimulation of protein kinase C by phorbol esters. The signal-transducing receptor subunit gp130 is not a substrate of the regulated shedding machinery. We generated several chimaeric proteins of gp130 and the proteins tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor α (TGF-α) and interleukin 6 receptor (IL-6R), which are known to be subject to shedding. By exchanging small peptide sequences of gp130 for cleavage-site peptides of TNF-α, TGF-α and IL-6R we showed that these short sequences conferred susceptibility to spontaneous and phorbol-ester-induced shedding of gp130. Importantly, these chimaeric gp130 proteins were functional, as shown by the phosphorylation of gp130 and the activation of signal transduction and activators of transcription 3 (‘STAT3’) on stimulation with cytokine. To investigate minimal requirements for shedding, truncated cleavage-site peptides of IL-6R were inserted into gp130. The resulting chimaeras were susceptible to shedding and showed the same cleavage pattern as observed in the chimaeras containing the complete IL-6R cleavage site. Surprisingly, we could also generate cleavable chimaeras by exchanging the juxtamembrane sequence of gp130 for the corresponding region of leukaemia inhibitory factor (‘LIF’) receptor, a protein that like gp130 is not subject to regulated or spontaneous shedding. Thus it seems that there is no minimal consensus shedding sequence. We speculate that structural changes allow the access of the protease to a membrane-proximal region, leading to shedding of the protein.

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