scholarly journals Plywood Jig—A New Technique for Root Canal Curvature Measurement

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3999
Author(s):  
Saleem D. Makandar ◽  
Mohammed Imran Khaiser ◽  
Sneha R. Mali ◽  
Mohmed Isaqali Karobari ◽  
Anand Marya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Conventional Radiograph ◽  
Average Curvature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Dimensional Object

The successful outcome of endodontic treatment is dependent on complete cleaning, shaping as well as three dimensional obturation of the root canal system. A conventional radiograph is a two-dimensional replication of a three-dimensional object and does not provide any conclusive evidence for canal curvatures. An accurate knowledge of the tooth anatomy and curvature is essential to avoid procedural errors. 100 freshly extracted human teeth were used in this study. Digital images were obtained using the plywood JIG and Schneider’s technique. These images were analyzed using the VixWin Pro digital image analyzing software (Gendex system). Statistical analysis was done using paired t test. The canal curvature average values measured using Jig method and Schneider method for mandibular teeth are 28.23° (±9.96) and 22.07° (±9.46) respectively. The smallest/largest curvature angles measured using Jig method and Schneider technique are 12/52° and 8/44° respectively. Canal curvature average values measured using Jig method and Schneider method for maxillary teeth were 23.40° (±11.36) and 19.23° (±11.94) respectively. The smallest/largest average curvature angles measured using Jig method, Schneider technique were 9/70° and 5/72° respectively. The values of the canal curvature angle obtained during routine radiographs in clinics have lower curvature angle and higher radius values as compared to the values obtained by this innovative JIG technique. Therefore, a clinician should always keep in mind the difference while measuring the curvature angle on radiographs during root canal treatment.

scholarly journals The effect of different irrigation techniques on the quality of cleaning of root canal walls

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Violeta Pavlovic ◽  
Slavoljub Zivkovic
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Efficient Removal ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Group I ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference

Aim: To evaluate the effect of irrigation techniques, i.e. different types of irrigation needles, on the quality of cleaning of root canal walls using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Material and Method: The study was conducted on 16 extracted, single-rooted, human teeth. The samples were allocated to two experimental groups depending on the type of the irrigation needle. Conventional needles were used for the irrigation of Group I and laterally perforated ones for Group II. All root canals were instrumented using K files and the Step-back technique. During instrumentation, all samples were irrigated with 2.5 % sodium hypochlorite solution followed by final irrigation with 17 % EDTA for 1 min. After that, all samples were irrigated with 10 ml of distilled water. The roots were, then, sectioned longitudinally and middle one third of each root canal was analyzed using SEM. Quantitative analysis was based on criteria by H?lsmann et al. Results: The obtained results showed that the more efficient removal of debris and the smear layer was accomplished in the group of samples irrigated using laterally perforated needles than conventional needles. The difference between the investigated irrigation techniques were statistically significant (p<0.01). Conclusion: The use of laterally perforated needles for irrigation allows more efficient cleaning of root canal walls, i.e. the removal of debris and the smear layer.

Comparing the Sealing Ability of Contemporary Restorative Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Repala R Navya ◽  
GB Shivamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Sealing Ability ◽  
Group I ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Post Hoc

ABSTRACT Aim The success of the root canal treatment mainly depends upon the three-dimensional obturation of the root canal system. The purpose of this study is to compare the sealing ability of biodentine, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and glass ionomer cement (GIC). Materials and methods Teeth were obturated with gutta-percha using AH PLUS sealer in all groups. The intracanal sealing material used in group I was GIC, group II was MTA, and group III was biodentine. The specimens were longitudinally sectioned. Coronal microleakage was determined under a stereomicroscope using 15× magnification. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc multiple comparisons (Bonferroni). Results Biodentine group leaked significantly less than the GIC group (p < 0.05). The sealing ability of biodentine was better than that of MTA, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion Biodentine or MTA may be preferred over GIC as an intracanal barrier. Clinical significance Biodentine or MTA can be used in areas where an impervious seal has to be obtained. They can also be used to seal the perforations in the coronal middle and apical thirds of the root canal. These materials have an ability to form a barrier during apexification procedures. How to cite this article Navya RR, Shivamurthy GB. Comparing the Sealing Ability of Contemporary Restorative Materials. CODS J Dent 2016;8(1):12-15.

The Dialectics of Creation and the Projective Structure of Space

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 357-376
Author(s):  
Marat Gorodezky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Projective Structure ◽  
Single Plane ◽  
Logical Connection ◽  
The World ◽  
Usual Scheme ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Dimensional Object

The article considers creationism as a historically relevant principle in the scientific and philosophic aspects denoting the ontological structure of the world. Outside of the religious interpretation, the author speaks of the dialectics of creation, which is revealed as an implicative connection of the one and nothing. Logical inversion (logical turn), acting from within this implicative connection, is postulated as the principle of a fundamental negation, which, according to the author, forms the true and dramatic essence of the world as a creation. The author distances himself from the widespread discussion between evolutionism and scientific creationism, stating that it does not correspond to the very subject of creationism, understood as the implication of a real from nothing. The author focuses on considering ‘nothing’ as a purely dialectical / metaphysical principle and relies partly on the Hegel’s dialectic of ‘being’ and ‘nothing’, and partly on the neoplatonic concept of the one. Rejecting the medieval interpretation of the temporal beginning and the Hegel’s identity, he deduces a scheme of the logical connection between the one and the difference, which postulates the inversion (turnover) forming the creation - the one and the difference disjunctively change places, the one becomes the real, and the difference out of the one becomes nothing. It is argued that this postulate, in particular, refutes the thesis about the ‘fall into sin’. In the second part of the article, a spatial-phenomenological hypothesis is presented: the author provides a description of the space as a geometrical-semantic plane (projective structure). This hypothesis follows from the phenomenological problem of the duality of a geometric object, which results in the problem of ontological transition between a point and a line (in the aporia of the Eleats) and the related problem of spatial congruence / parallelism. According to the author, the potential for solving these not essentially mathematical, but metaphysical questions is the projective geometry, in which parallel lines intersect at ‘point at infinity’, and space is complemented by the ‘plane at infinity’. The essence of the solution consists, firstly, in the assumption of the single plane, which underlies the transition, and secondly, in the description of the perceived world as a result of a specific turn over and closure of this plane, forming the projective structure. The key in this part is the demonstration of the surface of a three-dimensional object as a phenomenon of perceptual-semantic unfolding, which can be imagined as an action of consciousness, consistently reducing the usual scheme. An important aspect of considering the projective structure is the correlation with ‘the Plane’ by G. Deleuze. The general idea of the article is that the dialectical scheme of creation and the projective structure of the space coincide: the logical inversion (logical turn), acting in connection of the one and nothing, and projective structural turnover – are the same things.

scholarly journals Radix Entomolaris in Mandibular First Molar: An Endodontic Challenge

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
Roma Goyal ◽  
Jastinder Singh ◽  
Pardeep Mahajan ◽  
Prashant Monga ◽  
Deepa Thaman
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Seal Failure ◽  
Mechanical Preparation ◽  
Root Canal Morphology ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Mandibular First Molar ◽  
Canal Morphology ◽  
Basic Prerequisite

Success of endodontic therapy depends on the proper identification of all the canals, thorough chemo-mechanical preparation followed by three dimensional obturation with fluid tight seal. Failure of any of these steps may occur due to unusual tooth morphology. Proper knowledge of root canal anatomy is a basic prerequisite for the endodontic treatment successful. Mandibular molars may have an additional root located lingually (radix entomolaris) or buccally (radix paramolaris). Awareness and understanding of the presence of unusual external and internal root canal morphology contributes to the successful outcome of the root canal treatment.Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research and Education Vol.5(2) 2015: 66-69

scholarly journals Contemporary Approach in Successful Endodontic Intervention in ‘Radix Entomolaris’

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharad R Kokate ◽  
Ajinkya M Pawar ◽  
Vibha R Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Distolingual Root ◽  
Root Canal Morphology ◽  
Contemporary Management ◽  
Mechanical Shaping ◽  
Canal Morphology ◽  
Contemporary Approach

ABSTRACT The main objective of successful endodontic therapy is thorough mechanical shaping and chemical cleaning of the entire root canal system followed by three-dimensional obturation. Variation of the root canal morphology especially in multirooted teeth is a constant challenge for diagnosis and successful endodontic therapy. Mandibular molars can have an additional root located lingually (the radix entomolaris) or buccally (the radix paramolaris). An awareness and understanding of presence of additional root and unusual root canal morphology is essential as it determines the successful outcome of endodontic treatment. The present article focuses on the identification, access cavity modification and contemporary management of the distolingual root of mandibular 1st molars. How to cite this article Pawar AM, Kokate SR, Hegde VR. Contemporary Approach in Successful Endodontic Intervention in ‘Radix Entomolaris’. World J Dent 2013;4(3):208-213.

scholarly journals Study of the apical leakage of the root canal filling made with Guttapercha versus Resilon

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-253
Author(s):  
Paula Perlea ◽  
◽  
Cristina Coralia Nistor ◽  
Ioana Suciu ◽  
Liana Aminov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Root Canal Filling ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Sealing Ability ◽  
Rotary Instruments ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Apical Leakage

The purpose of the study is to assess the apical sealing ability of the endodontic space using two types of canal filling techniques: vertical compaction of warm gutta-percha and AhPlus sealer compared with Resilon and RealSeal SE. Two sets of extracted human teeth were prepared with rotary instruments, each 20 teeth being obturated by the two techniques: the classical and the adhesive root canal filling. The apical leakage of the root canal filling made with Resilon and RealSeal SE was higher than the one with gutta-percha and AhPlus. The difference was statistically significant.

scholarly journals SPIRAL CT A SEARCH ENGINE FOR DIAGNOSING MULTIPLE CANALS - A RARE CASE REPORT

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
Kiran Halkai ◽  
Rahul Halkai ◽  
Mithra N. Hegde ◽  
Sapna S. ◽  
Narender Reddy M.
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Spiral Ct ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Internal Anatomy ◽  
Dental Ct ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Dimensional Object

Abstract:Successful treatment of any case mainly depends on proper diagnosis; this is particularly true when we are doing an endodontic treatment. Internal anatomy of root canal system varies a lot and predisposes to inadequate root canal preparation and should be recognized before or during treatment. Proper knowledge of these anatomical variations and proper diagnosis are of paramost important. As the routine diagnostic aids, radiograph is a two dimensional representation of a three dimensional object where the internal anatomy of the tooth cannot be appreciated properly. Spiral computed tomography (SCT) has got an advantage as it gives a 3 dimensional image of a given object. We present an interesting case of multiple canals in all the teeth except incisors in a single patient which was diagnosed with the aid of Dental CT and its potential role, this diagnostic method can help in the field of endodontics

scholarly journals The prevalence of oval root canals in the apical and middle third of mandibular molars and premolars

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
Dejan Ostojic ◽  
Nevenka Teodorovic ◽  
Marija Djuric
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Mandibular Molars ◽  
Canal Diameter

Introduction. Oval root canals are all groups of human teeth. In such canals it is a challenge to fulfill the necessary preconditions for a successful outcome of root canal therapy - complete cleaning, shaping and obturation. Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the shape and diameter of root canals in the apical and middle third of human mandibular molars and premolars, to determine the prevalence and extent of long oval canals. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 80 extracted human teeth, 40 molars and 40 premolars. The teeth were placed in a specially designed muffle mould and embedded in transparent acrylic resin. After the polymerization of the acrylic resin, the teeth were taken out of the mould and sectioned at levels 3 and 6 mm from the apex. The cross-sections were photographed under 30? magnification using a digital camera. The long and short canal diameter were measured on the images and their ratio calculated. Results. In the apical third 22% of the premolars and 35% of the molars had oval root canal morphology. In the middle third 36% of premolars and 41 % of molars. Conclusion. Root canals of mandibular molars and premolars are often oval in their cross-section. They seem to be more frequently oval in their cross-section than previous studies have shown.

Reconstruction of Objects from their Projections Using Orthogonal Functions

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 268-269
Author(s):  
Elrnar Zeitler
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Dimensional Representation ◽  
Orthogonal Functions ◽  
Object A ◽  
Plane Normal ◽  
Dimensional Object ◽  
Spatial Density Distribution

Considering any finite three-dimensional object, a “projection” is here defined as a two-dimensional representation of the object's mass per unit area on a plane normal to a given projection axis, here taken as they-axis. Since the object can be seen as being built from parallel, thin slices, the relation between object structure and its projection can be reduced by one dimension. It is assumed that an electron microscope equipped with a tilting stage records the projectionWhere the object has a spatial density distribution p(r,ϕ) within a limiting radius taken to be unity, and the stage is tilted by an angle 9 with respect to the x-axis of the recording plane.

Defocus ramp correction in spot-scan imaging

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Downing
Keyword(s):  
Computer Control ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sufficient Accuracy ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Electron Crystallography ◽  
Contrast Transfer Function ◽  
Tilt Axis ◽  
Specimen Height ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Envelope Functions

Three-dimensional structures of a number of samples have been determined by electron crystallography. The procedures used in this work include recording images of fairly large areas of a specimen at high tilt angles. There is then a large defocus ramp across the image, and parts of the image are far out of focus. In the regions where the defocus is large, the contrast transfer function (CTF) varies rapidly across the image, especially at high resolution. Not only is the CTF then difficult to determine with sufficient accuracy to correct properly, but the image contrast is reduced by envelope functions which tend toward a low value at high defocus.We have combined computer control of the electron microscope with spot-scan imaging in order to eliminate most of the defocus ramp and its effects in the images of tilted specimens. In recording the spot-scan image, the beam is scanned along rows that are parallel to the tilt axis, so that along each row of spots the focus is constant. Between scan rows, the objective lens current is changed to correct for the difference in specimen height from one scan to the next.

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