The Dialectics of Creation and the Projective Structure of Space

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 357-376
Author(s):  
Marat Gorodezky ◽  

The article considers creationism as a historically relevant principle in the scientific and philosophic aspects denoting the ontological structure of the world. Outside of the religious interpretation, the author speaks of the dialectics of creation, which is revealed as an implicative connection of the one and nothing. Logical inversion (logical turn), acting from within this implicative connection, is postulated as the principle of a fundamental negation, which, according to the author, forms the true and dramatic essence of the world as a creation. The author distances himself from the widespread discussion between evolutionism and scientific creationism, stating that it does not correspond to the very subject of creationism, understood as the implication of a real from nothing. The author focuses on considering ‘nothing’ as a purely dialectical / metaphysical principle and relies partly on the Hegel’s dialectic of ‘being’ and ‘nothing’, and partly on the neoplatonic concept of the one. Rejecting the medieval interpretation of the temporal beginning and the Hegel’s identity, he deduces a scheme of the logical connection between the one and the difference, which postulates the inversion (turnover) forming the creation - the one and the difference disjunctively change places, the one becomes the real, and the difference out of the one becomes nothing. It is argued that this postulate, in particular, refutes the thesis about the ‘fall into sin’. In the second part of the article, a spatial-phenomenological hypothesis is presented: the author provides a description of the space as a geometrical-semantic plane (projective structure). This hypothesis follows from the phenomenological problem of the duality of a geometric object, which results in the problem of ontological transition between a point and a line (in the aporia of the Eleats) and the related problem of spatial congruence / parallelism. According to the author, the potential for solving these not essentially mathematical, but metaphysical questions is the projective geometry, in which parallel lines intersect at ‘point at infinity’, and space is complemented by the ‘plane at infinity’. The essence of the solution consists, firstly, in the assumption of the single plane, which underlies the transition, and secondly, in the description of the perceived world as a result of a specific turn over and closure of this plane, forming the projective structure. The key in this part is the demonstration of the surface of a three-dimensional object as a phenomenon of perceptual-semantic unfolding, which can be imagined as an action of consciousness, consistently reducing the usual scheme. An important aspect of considering the projective structure is the correlation with ‘the Plane’ by G. Deleuze. The general idea of the article is that the dialectical scheme of creation and the projective structure of the space coincide: the logical inversion (logical turn), acting in connection of the one and nothing, and projective structural turnover – are the same things.

Dreyfus argues that there is a basic methodological difference between the natural sciences and the social sciences, a difference that derives from the different goals and practices of each. He goes on to argue that being a realist about natural entities is compatible with pluralism or, as he calls it, “plural realism.” If intelligibility is always grounded in our practices, Dreyfus points out, then there is no point of view from which one can ask about or provide an answer to the one true nature of ultimate reality. But that is consistent with believing that the natural sciences can still reveal the way the world is independent of our theories and practices.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-144
Author(s):  
Badar Alam Iqbal ◽  
Mohd Nayyer Rahman ◽  
Munir Hasan

The difference between growth and development is not subtle but substantially huge and the gap is ever increasing. The dividing line is social indicators. Countries witnessing high growth rates for decades are not equal performers in development when social indicators are observed. India is an emerging economy on the one hand and a developing on the other hand but a lower income country as per World Bank statistic. While India holds economic indicators that appears to be promising to the world and investors that is not the case with social indicators. The present study is an attempt to critically review the social indicators for India and to trace the trajectory of fall or growth in such indicators while comparing with selected countries.


2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-224
Author(s):  
Danie Strauss

Dooyeweerd was struck by the fact that different systems of philosophy expressly oriented their philosophic thought to the idea of a divine world order. The dialectic of form and matter permeated both Greek and medieval philosophy. The distinction between natural laws and laws of nature is highlighted with reference to Descartes and Beeckman. A key distinction for an understanding of the order of the world is given in the difference between modal laws and type laws. In order to substantiate this claim, an explication of the nature of the order for the world has to explore elements derived from the four most basic modes of explanation: number (the one and the many), space (universality), the kinematic (constancy), and the physical aspect (change). These points of entry serve theoretical thought with terms that may either be employed in a conceptual way or in a concept-transcending way. The influence of nominalism on the thought of Dooyeweerd is analyzed in some more detail.


Author(s):  
G. E. R. Lloyd

A sense of the difference between right and wrong and a corresponding recognition of a concept of morality can be widely, maybe even universally, attested, as has been suggested for the Golden Rule (treat others as you would have them treat you). But how far does the great variety of explicit codified legal systems that can be attested across the world and over time undermine any possibility of treating law or even ‘custom’ as a robust cross-cultural category? This chapter investigates the similarities and differences in those systems in ancient societies (Greece, China) and in modern ones (e.g. Papua New Guinea) to throw light on the one hand on the importance of law for social order but on the other on the difficulties facing any programme to secure lasting justice.


The work described below is a continuation of that given in the former paper—Parts I and II. The main object was to study the distribution of ozone in cyclones and anticyclones. This has now been completed as far as seems possible by private research, and most of the instruments have been sent to new stations in distant regions of the globe in order to obtain a general idea of the distribution of ozone over the world. It must be remembered, however, that the study of the ozone distribution in cyclones and anticyclones has really been exceedingly meagre. If, when synoptic meteorology began to be studied, the same number of barometric observations had been taken at six stations, they would hardly have led to an accurate knowledge of cyclones and anticyclones ! There may be much of great interest that has been entirely missed in this research, but further work must be left to larger organisations, as it was found that the present investigation using only seven stations taxed individual efforts to the uttermost: over 5000 spectra have been measured at Oxford in the course of the routine work. The observations have been made at the same stations as those described in Part II and the instruments are the same as those used before. In the previous papers the amount of ozone was calculated on the assumption that the ozone was near the ground. Evidence has now been obtained that it is situated at an average height of about 40 to 50 km. In this paper allowance has been made for this. The difference is only appreciable when observations are made with the sun at less than 30° above the horizon and the error in the previously published results is always small. Unfortunately a slight defect developed in the optical wedge of the instrument at Valentia, making the ozone values rather uncertain. As the making and calibration of a new wedge would have put the instrument out of use most of the summer it was decided to use it in its defective condition. The Valentia values are therefore a little uncertain, but the error is seldom more than 0⋅01 cm., so that it is only just appreciable when considering the ozone distribution.


2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1250025 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MARVÁ ◽  
J.-C. POGGIALE ◽  
R. BRAVO DE LA PARRA

This work deals with the approximate reduction of a nonautonomous two time scales ordinary differential equations system with periodic fast dynamics. We illustrate this technique with the analysis of two models belonging to different fields in ecology. On the one hand, we deal with a two patches periodic predator–prey model with a refuge for prey. Considering migrations between patches to be faster than local interaction allows us to study a three-dimensional system by means of a two-dimensional one. On the other hand, a two time scales periodic eco-epidemic model is addressed by considering two competing species, one of them being affected by a periodic SIR epidemic process which is faster than inter-species interactions. The difference between time scales allows us to study the asymptotic behavior of the four-dimensional system by means of a planar, reduced one. Furthermore, we propose a methodology straightforwardly applicable to a very large class of two time scales periodic systems.


2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Jardine

When Linda Dalrymple Henderson's The Fourth Dimension and Non-Euclidean Geometry in Modern Art first appeared in 1983 it generated a lively discussion, most conspicuously in the pages of the journal Leonardo. Here was a book that undermined two of the central tenets of modernist theory: first that developments in art and science were linked not by any real connections or strong form of shared endeavour but by the fact that both partook of the modern spirit or zeitgeist; second, and more specifically, that Einsteinian relativity and cubism were in some way analogous embodiments of that spirit. By relentlessly pursuing the fate of two nineteenth-century developments – the non-Euclidean geometries and higher dimensions of her title – Henderson clearly showed that many of the avant-garde artworks so admired by critics for their formal innovation were at once more literal and more bizarre than anyone had previously suspected. Some were attempts to expound the ‘geometrical occult’ or to engage in multidimensional communion, some projected the enhanced intellect of ‘four-dimensional man’ and others explored the lonely but profound reaches of hyperspace. As she puts it in the ‘Re-introduction’ to this new edition of The Fourth Dimension, ‘these works function as “windows” on an invisible meta-reality of higher dimensions and etherial energies' (p. 27), and, elsewhere, ‘belief in a fourth dimension encouraged artists to depart from visual reality and to reject completely the one-point perspective system that for centuries had portrayed the world as three-dimensional’ (p. 492).


The article considers the features of urging hashtags that functioned in Facebook and Twitter social networks during the Euromaidan. The role of hashtags in times of revolutions has been identified, and it has been noted that hashtags help uncensored revolutionaries to disseminate information among their compatriots and the world community, attract the attention of the world media, and encourage people to support and join them. The paper considers syntactic features of urging hashtags, it is indicated that in the vast majority of cases such hashtags are located at the end of the post, although some may be located in the middle of the post. In addition the paper mentions publications consisting of some hashtags, among which are urging hashtags. Studying urging hashtags as sentences, the author singled out the following types: simple and complex, two-syllable and one-syllable, common and uncommon, complete and incomplete, complicated and non-complicated. Moreover, it has been noted that urging hashtags have a motivating modality. In regards of the peculiarities of the graphics of urging hashtags, the author points out the difference in spelling of the same words to create a different visual effect. Due to the fact that the hashtags use no spaces, the addressers wrote the sentence in one word, and in order to visually separate the words, the beginning of a word was capitalized or words were hyphenated. In addition, attention is drawn to punctuation and apostrophes: authors did not use those in the posts, because they „break” the words, after which the statement ceases to be the one single hashtag. In order to spread urging hashtags not only in the Ukrainian-speaking space, but also among the world audience, the addressers published urging hashtags in both Ukrainian and English, while the use of urging hashtags in Ukrainian remains more frequent.


Author(s):  
Tawfiq Hassan Abdolkarim Alhdad ◽  
Predrag Gavrilović ◽  
Dragan Životić

The main aim of the current research is to determine the differences and correlations of sport seasons and economic statistics between the highest paid soccer players in the world, with an ankle injury in addition to other injuries and without an ankle injury. By comparing highest paid soccer players in the world (N=95), i.e., a sub-sample of players with an ankle injury (N=44), and a sub-sample of players without an ankle injury (N=51), it is possible to conclude that significant differences were not found in the variables of age, market value, the number of matches completed, the number of goals scored and the number of assists, as well as in the derived variables of the value of one player's day and the value of one match. In the basic variables the number of days missed due to injuries (222.61±165.61 vs 124.98±110.59), the number of seasons with injuries (5.68±2.23 vs 4.53±2.73) and the number of matches missed due to injuries (35.32±28.07 vs 20.12±19.2), as well as in the derived variables of number of days missed due to injuries per year (40.4±29.33 vs 27.16±18.18), number of games missed due to injuries per year (6.23±3.83 vs 4.32±3.21), value of days missed due to injuries (£7,627±£5,898 vs £5,070±£3,634) and the value of matches missed due to injuries (£13,134±£12,461 vs £9,276±£9,158), statistically significant differences were determined. All determined values were higher in the sub-sample of players who, in addition to other injuries, suffered from an ankle injury as well. In the multivariate exploration of the structure of the basic research variables, the results obtained indicate a latent space that had an interpretable three-dimensional structure. The structure of the space indicated a functionally independent relationship between the frequency and intensity of injury, on the one hand, and the chronological age, the value of the transfer and the player's efficacy on the other. It can be concluded that sports injuries, and ankle injuries especially in elite soccer players, have significant economic reprisals.


2020 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Philip Martin

This chapter explains the two major types of workers employed in agriculture—farmers and their (unpaid) family members, and hired workers. The incomes of farm families are the difference between what they receive for the commodities they sell and the costs of producing them, while the earnings of farm workers reflect the wages they earn per hour, day, or week. The average incomes of farm families are higher than for nonfarm families, while the earnings of farm workers are lower than for nonfarm workers. About 40 percent of the one billion people employed in agriculture around the world are hired workers, and they are generally on the bottom rungs of the labor market in both industrial and developing countries. The share of work done by hired workers rises with economic development as farm production concentrates on fewer and larger farms.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document