scholarly journals Role of Irisin in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders—Possible New Therapeutic Agent?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5579
Author(s):  
Letitia Leustean ◽  
Cristina Preda ◽  
Laura Teodoriu ◽  
Laura Mihalache ◽  
Lidia Arhire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Choice

Irisin is a novel hormone that provides a possible solution for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Discovered in 2012 by Boström et al., irisin very quickly became an interesting subject in medical research. Irisin has been found in cerebrospinal fluid, the cerebellum, thyroid, pineal gland, liver, pancreas, testis, spleen, adult stomach, and human fetuses. Regarding the actions of irisin, both in animals and humans, the results are contradictory but interesting. Its capability to influence adipose tissue and glycemic homeostasis may be utilized in order to treat hypothyroidism, polycystic ovary syndrome, Prader–Willi syndrome, and other endocrine and metabolic disorders. Considering its osteogenic potential, irisin might be a therapeutic choice in diseases caused by a sedentary lifestyle. New data indicate that irisin treatment may serve in the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) infection. Furthermore, several therapeutic agents, such as insulin, metformin, fenofibrate, exenatide, and melatonin, influence the concentrations of irisin in animal models or in humans. Nutritional factors including polyunsaturated fatty acids may also have an effect on irisin concentrations. While it may be “too good to be true,” irisin offers many opportunities for future research that would aim to find its optimal therapeutical role in endocrine and metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Curcumin in Metabolic Health and Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4440
Author(s):  
Marzena Jabczyk ◽  
Justyna Nowak ◽  
Bartosz Hudzik ◽  
Barbara Zubelewicz-Szkodzińska
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

In recent years, epidemiological studies have suggested that metabolic disorders are nutritionally dependent. A healthy diet that is rich in polyphenols may be beneficial in the treatment of metabolic diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and, in particular, atherosclerosis. Curcumin is a polyphenol found in turmeric and has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, and antidiabetic properties, among others. This review summarizes the influence of supplementation with curcumin on metabolic parameters in selected metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Long non-coding RNA NEAT1 deteriorates polycystic ovary syndrome progression via binding microRNA-324-3p to target bromodomain containing 3

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Wu ◽  
zhijian Tu ◽  
bao Ying ◽  
Zhai Qi ◽  
lixu Jin
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna ◽  
Abundant Transcript

Abstract Objective: Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) has been studied in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), while the regulatory mechanism of NEAT1 on PCOS by regulating microRNA (miR)-324-3p remains extensive exploration. Our study aims to investigate the role of NEAT1, miR-324-3p and bromodomain containing 3 (BRD3) in PCOS.Methods: Firstly, the PCOS rat model was established, and then NEAT1, miR-324-3p and BRD3 levels were detected in PCOS rats. The decreased NEAT1 or augmented miR-324-3p were injected into the PCOS rats to determine the change of biochemical indices and pathology. Also, the rescue experiment was conducted. Thereafter, the binding relations among NEAT1, miR-324-3p and BRD3 were analyzed.Results: NEAT1 and BRD3 were enriched while miR-324-3p was decreased in PCOS rats. The reduction of NEAT1 or the elevation of miR-324-3p mitigated the obesity and metabolic disorders in PCOS rats. NEAT1 sponged miR-324-3p as a competing endogenous RNA and miR-324-3p targeted BRD3. The elevated miR-324-3p or reduced BRD3 reversed effects of enhanced NEAT1.Conclusion: NEAT1 exacerbates obesity and metabolic disorders of PCOS rats via regulating miR-324-3p to target BRD3. This study affords a novel direction for PCOS treatment.

scholarly journals Inositols’ Importance in the Improvement of the Endocrine–Metabolic Profile in PCOS

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Wojciechowska ◽  
Adam Osowski ◽  
Marcin Jóźwik ◽  
Ryszard Górecki ◽  
Andrzej Rynkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Androgen Excess ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Ovarian Morphology ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Symptom Formation

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common causes of infertility and metabolic problems among women of reproductive age. The mechanism of PCOS is associated with concurrent alterations at the hormonal level. The diagnosis assumes the occurrence of three interrelated symptoms of varying severity, namely ovulation disorders, androgen excess, or polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM), which all require a proper therapeutic approach. The main symptom seems to be an increased androgen concentration, which in turn may contribute to different metabolic disorders. A number of papers have demonstrated the significant role of inositol therapy in PCOS. However, there is a lack of detailed discussion about the importance of myo-inositol (MI) and d-chiro-inositol (DCI) in reference to particular symptoms. Thus, the aim of this review is to present the effectiveness of MI and DCI treatment for PCOS symptoms. Moreover, the review is focused on analyzing the use of inositols, taking into account their physiological properties, together with the mechanism of individual PCOS symptom formation.

Role of PCSK9 in lipid metabolic disorders and ovarian dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome

Metabolism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meijiao Wang ◽  
Dan Zhao ◽  
Liangzhi Xu ◽  
Wenjing Guo ◽  
Li Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovarian Dysfunction ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

scholarly journals Validity of the association between periodontitis and female infertility conditions: a concise review

Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. R41-R54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Machado ◽  
Joana Lopes ◽  
Mariana Patrão ◽  
João Botelho ◽  
Luís Proença ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Female Infertility ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Associated Conditions ◽  
Follicle Maturation

Hormones and inflammatory mechanisms are implicated with female reproductive function, including follicle maturation, ovulation, embryo implantation, and pregnancy. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease due to a polymicrobial disruption of the homeostasis and may be considered as a potential risk factor that affect female fertility. The role of periodontitis is becoming meaningful, with significant associations with polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis and bacterial vaginosis. Further, periodontitis is linked with known risk factors towards female infertility, such as age, obesity, and chronic kidney disease. This review aims to summarize the available evidence on the association between periodontitis and female infertility-associated conditions, and to discuss warranting steps in future research.

The role of vitamin D in metabolic and reproductive disturbances of polycystic ovary syndrome: A narrative mini-review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Daniela Menichini ◽  
Gianpiero Forte ◽  
Beatrice Orrù ◽  
Giuseppe Gullo ◽  
Vittorio Unfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Endometrial Receptivity ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Beneficial Role

Abstract. Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that plays a pivotal role in several metabolic and reproductive pathways in humans. Increasing evidence supports the role of vitamin D deficiency in metabolic disturbances and infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Indeed, supplementation with vitamin D seems to have a beneficial role on insulin resistance and endometrial receptivity. On the other hand, exceedingly high levels of vitamin D appear to play a detrimental role on oocytes development and embryo quality. In the current review, we summarize the available evidence about the topic, aiming to suggest the best supplementation strategy in women with PCOS or, more generally, in those with metabolic disturbances and infertility. Based on the retrieved data, vitamin D seems to have a beneficial role on IR, insulin sensitivity and endometrial receptivity, but high levels and incorrect timing of administration seem to have a detrimental role on oocytes development and embryo quality. Therefore, we encourage a low dose supplementation (400–800 IU/day) particularly in vitamin D deficient women that present metabolic disturbances like PCOS. As far as the reproductive health, we advise vitamin D supplementation in selected populations, only during specific moments of the ovarian cycle, to support the luteal phase. However, ambiguities about dosage and timing of the supplementation still emerge from the clinical studies published to date and further studies are required.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Unraveling the Conundrum in Skeletal Muscle?

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 5372-5381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel K Stepto ◽  
Alba Moreno-Asso ◽  
Luke C McIlvenna ◽  
Kirsty A Walters ◽  
Raymond J Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

Abstract Context Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine condition affecting 8% to 13% of women across the lifespan. PCOS affects reproductive, metabolic, and mental health, generating a considerable health burden. Advances in treatment of women with PCOS has been hampered by evolving diagnostic criteria and poor recognition by clinicians. This has resulted in limited clinical and basic research. In this study, we provide insights into the current and future research on the metabolic features of PCOS, specifically as they relate to PCOS-specific insulin resistance (IR), that may affect the most metabolically active tissue, skeletal muscle. Current Knowledge PCOS is a highly heritable condition, yet it is phenotypically heterogeneous in both reproductive and metabolic features. Human studies thus far have not identified molecular mechanisms of PCOS-specific IR in skeletal muscle. However, recent research has provided new insights that implicate energy-sensing pathways regulated via epigenomic and resultant transcriptomic changes. Animal models, while in existence, have been underused in exploring molecular mechanisms of IR in PCOS and specifically in skeletal muscle. Future Directions Based on the latest evidence synthesis and technologies, researchers exploring molecular mechanisms of IR in PCOS, specifically in muscle, will likely need to generate new hypothesis to be tested in human and animal studies. Conclusion Investigations to elucidate the molecular mechanisms driving IR in PCOS are in their early stages, yet remarkable advances have been made in skeletal muscle. Overall, investigations have thus far created more questions than answers, which provide new opportunities to study complex endocrine conditions.

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