scholarly journals Validity of the association between periodontitis and female infertility conditions: a concise review

Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. R41-R54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Machado ◽  
Joana Lopes ◽  
Mariana Patrão ◽  
João Botelho ◽  
Luís Proença ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Female Infertility ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Associated Conditions ◽  
Follicle Maturation

Hormones and inflammatory mechanisms are implicated with female reproductive function, including follicle maturation, ovulation, embryo implantation, and pregnancy. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease due to a polymicrobial disruption of the homeostasis and may be considered as a potential risk factor that affect female fertility. The role of periodontitis is becoming meaningful, with significant associations with polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis and bacterial vaginosis. Further, periodontitis is linked with known risk factors towards female infertility, such as age, obesity, and chronic kidney disease. This review aims to summarize the available evidence on the association between periodontitis and female infertility-associated conditions, and to discuss warranting steps in future research.

scholarly journals Endogenous Ovarian Angiogenesis in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-Like Rats Induced by Low-Frequency Electro-Acupuncture: The CLARITY Three-Dimensional Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Ma ◽  
Peng Cui ◽  
Xiaoyu Tong ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
Linus Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Follicular Maturation ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Follicle Maturation

We sought to determine the role of ovarian vascularity and neo-angiogenesis in the development of mature follicles in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to identify any changes induced by low-frequency electro-acupuncture (EA). Twenty-eight 21-day-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups—Control, Obesity, PCOS-like, and PCOS-like-EA (n = 7/group). Rats in the Obesity group were fed a high-fat diet throughout the experiment. Rats in the PCOS-like and PCOS-like-EA groups were implanted with a sustained-release tube containing 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) beneath the skin of the neck. Rats in the PCOS-like-EA group received low-frequency EA treatment starting at 70 days for 30 min five times a week for four weeks. At the end of the experiment, all rats were euthanized and perfused with hydrogel. The ovaries were collected for clarification and imaging, and ovarian vascularity and neo-angiogenesis were analyzed. Compared with Control and Obesity rats, the ovaries in DHT-induced PCOS-like rats were smaller in size and had fewer mature follicles and corpora lutea. EA increased angiogenesis in the antral follicles of PCOS-like rats, which in turn promoted follicle maturation, ovulation, and CL formation. Therefore, endogenous ovarian angiogenesis plays a very important role in follicular maturation and might be one of the peripheral and direct mechanisms of EA on PCOS.

scholarly journals The role of vitamin D and melatonin in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
J S Absatarova ◽  
E N Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
The Past ◽  
Receptor Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Medical Guidelines

The article presents data on new possible mechanisms of pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. In the past years there have been a lot of studies on the effect of vitamin D on the development of insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism. The amount of evidence for of the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and obesity is growing. The search for genetic markers predisposing to polycystic ovary syndrome among vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms seems quite premising. Considering of detected connections, therapy with vitamin D may be an effective treatment for this disease. In addition to the influence on reproductive function vitamin D is involved in the regulation of circadian rhythm, and it’s disturbance may lead to the development of anovulation. Another important factor in control of sleep and wakefulness cycles is melatonin. It’s participation in development and maturation of follicles by inhibiting of oxidative stress was proved, and the use of melatonin in women as a treatment for infertility helped to improve reproductive function. Thus, further studies of the role of vitamin D and melatonin may allow developing principally new approaches and medical guidelines for clinical practice.

scholarly journals Adipokines and the Female Reproductive Tract

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Reverchon ◽  
Christelle Ramé ◽  
Michael Bertoldo ◽  
Joëlle Dupont
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Endocrine Effect ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis

It is well known that adipose tissue can influence puberty, sexual maturation, and fertility in different species. Adipose tissue secretes molecules called adipokines which most likely have an endocrine effect on reproductive function. It has been revealed over the last few years that adipokines are functionally implicated at all levels of the reproductive axis including the gonad and hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Many studies have shown the presence and the role of the adipokines and their receptors in the female reproductive tract of different species. These adipokines regulate ovarian steroidogenesis, oocyte maturation, and embryo development. They are also present in the uterus and placenta where they could create a favorable environment for embryonic implantation and play a key role in maternal-fetal metabolism communication and gestation. Reproductive functions are strongly dependent on energy balance, and thereby metabolic abnormalities can lead to the development of some pathophysiologies such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Adipokines could be a link between reproduction and energy metabolism and could partly explain some infertility related to obesity or PCOS.

scholarly journals Role of Irisin in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders—Possible New Therapeutic Agent?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5579
Author(s):  
Letitia Leustean ◽  
Cristina Preda ◽  
Laura Teodoriu ◽  
Laura Mihalache ◽  
Lidia Arhire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Choice

Irisin is a novel hormone that provides a possible solution for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Discovered in 2012 by Boström et al., irisin very quickly became an interesting subject in medical research. Irisin has been found in cerebrospinal fluid, the cerebellum, thyroid, pineal gland, liver, pancreas, testis, spleen, adult stomach, and human fetuses. Regarding the actions of irisin, both in animals and humans, the results are contradictory but interesting. Its capability to influence adipose tissue and glycemic homeostasis may be utilized in order to treat hypothyroidism, polycystic ovary syndrome, Prader–Willi syndrome, and other endocrine and metabolic disorders. Considering its osteogenic potential, irisin might be a therapeutic choice in diseases caused by a sedentary lifestyle. New data indicate that irisin treatment may serve in the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) infection. Furthermore, several therapeutic agents, such as insulin, metformin, fenofibrate, exenatide, and melatonin, influence the concentrations of irisin in animal models or in humans. Nutritional factors including polyunsaturated fatty acids may also have an effect on irisin concentrations. While it may be “too good to be true,” irisin offers many opportunities for future research that would aim to find its optimal therapeutical role in endocrine and metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Adipokines in reproductive function: a link between obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. R21-R37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinwang Chen ◽  
Xiao Jia ◽  
Jie Qiao ◽  
Youfei Guan ◽  
Jihong Kang
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Insight Into

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy associated with infertility and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age. Dysfunction of adipose tissue has been implicated in the pathophysiology of PCOS. Increasing evidence shows that the dysregulated expression of adipokines, the secreted products of adipose tissue, plays an important role in the pathology of PCOS. Here, we review the role of several identified adipokines that may act as a link between obesity and PCOS. PCOS also reciprocally influences the profile of adipokines. Insight into the underlying mechanisms will help better understand the pathology of PCOS and identify new therapeutic targets of this syndrome.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF DIAGNOSTIC LAPAROSCOPY AND LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. O. Balashova ◽  
V. M. Shyshko ◽  
L. F. Mozheyko
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Diagnostic Laparoscopy ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

A retrospective analysis of 130 outpatient medical records and case histories of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was conducted. Patients underwent diagnostic laparoscopy followed by resection, diathermic cauterization, decortication, or decapsulation of the ovaries. In this study we demonstrated the value of laparoscopic methods in making the final diagnosis and identifying concomitant causes of infertility, as well as their effectiveness in restoring the reproductive function of women.

The role of vitamin D in metabolic and reproductive disturbances of polycystic ovary syndrome: A narrative mini-review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Daniela Menichini ◽  
Gianpiero Forte ◽  
Beatrice Orrù ◽  
Giuseppe Gullo ◽  
Vittorio Unfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Endometrial Receptivity ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Beneficial Role

Abstract. Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that plays a pivotal role in several metabolic and reproductive pathways in humans. Increasing evidence supports the role of vitamin D deficiency in metabolic disturbances and infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Indeed, supplementation with vitamin D seems to have a beneficial role on insulin resistance and endometrial receptivity. On the other hand, exceedingly high levels of vitamin D appear to play a detrimental role on oocytes development and embryo quality. In the current review, we summarize the available evidence about the topic, aiming to suggest the best supplementation strategy in women with PCOS or, more generally, in those with metabolic disturbances and infertility. Based on the retrieved data, vitamin D seems to have a beneficial role on IR, insulin sensitivity and endometrial receptivity, but high levels and incorrect timing of administration seem to have a detrimental role on oocytes development and embryo quality. Therefore, we encourage a low dose supplementation (400–800 IU/day) particularly in vitamin D deficient women that present metabolic disturbances like PCOS. As far as the reproductive health, we advise vitamin D supplementation in selected populations, only during specific moments of the ovarian cycle, to support the luteal phase. However, ambiguities about dosage and timing of the supplementation still emerge from the clinical studies published to date and further studies are required.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Unraveling the Conundrum in Skeletal Muscle?

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 5372-5381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel K Stepto ◽  
Alba Moreno-Asso ◽  
Luke C McIlvenna ◽  
Kirsty A Walters ◽  
Raymond J Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

Abstract Context Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine condition affecting 8% to 13% of women across the lifespan. PCOS affects reproductive, metabolic, and mental health, generating a considerable health burden. Advances in treatment of women with PCOS has been hampered by evolving diagnostic criteria and poor recognition by clinicians. This has resulted in limited clinical and basic research. In this study, we provide insights into the current and future research on the metabolic features of PCOS, specifically as they relate to PCOS-specific insulin resistance (IR), that may affect the most metabolically active tissue, skeletal muscle. Current Knowledge PCOS is a highly heritable condition, yet it is phenotypically heterogeneous in both reproductive and metabolic features. Human studies thus far have not identified molecular mechanisms of PCOS-specific IR in skeletal muscle. However, recent research has provided new insights that implicate energy-sensing pathways regulated via epigenomic and resultant transcriptomic changes. Animal models, while in existence, have been underused in exploring molecular mechanisms of IR in PCOS and specifically in skeletal muscle. Future Directions Based on the latest evidence synthesis and technologies, researchers exploring molecular mechanisms of IR in PCOS, specifically in muscle, will likely need to generate new hypothesis to be tested in human and animal studies. Conclusion Investigations to elucidate the molecular mechanisms driving IR in PCOS are in their early stages, yet remarkable advances have been made in skeletal muscle. Overall, investigations have thus far created more questions than answers, which provide new opportunities to study complex endocrine conditions.

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