scholarly journals A Compute and Wait in PoW (CW-PoW) Consensus Algorithm for Preserving Energy Consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6750
Author(s):  
Mostefa Kara ◽  
Abdelkader Laouid ◽  
Muath AlShaikh ◽  
Mohammad Hammoudeh ◽  
Ahcene Bounceur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
High Power ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Consensus Protocol ◽  
Number Of Solutions ◽  
Consensus Algorithms ◽  
Gain Rate ◽  
High Power Consumption ◽  
Distributed Networking ◽  
Predetermined Number

Several trusted tasks use consensus algorithms to solve agreement challenges. Usually, consensus agreements are used to ensure data integrity and reliability in untrusted environments. In many distributed networking fields, the Proof of Work (PoW) consensus algorithm is commonly used. However, the standard PoW mechanism has two main limitations, where the first is the high power consumption and the second is the 51% attack vulnerability. In this paper, we look to improve the PoW consensus protocol by introducing several proof rounds. Any given consensus node should resolve the game of the current round Roundi before participating in the next round Roundi+1. Any node that resolves the game of Roundi can only pass to the next round if a predetermined number of solutions has been found by other nodes. The obtained evaluation results of this technique show significant improvements in terms of energy consumption and robustness against the 51% and Sybil attacks. By fixing the number of processes, we obtained an energy gain rate of 15.63% with five rounds and a gain rate of 19.91% with ten rounds.

A Brief Analysis of Blockchain Algorithms and Its Challenges

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-85
Author(s):  
Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi ◽  
Tuhina Shree
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Distributed Database ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Central Authority ◽  
Consensus Protocol ◽  
Consensus Algorithms ◽  
The Core ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Comparison Algorithms

Blockchain is the world's most trusted service. It serves as a ledger that allows transaction to take place in a decentralized manner. There are so many applications based on blockchain technology, including those covering numerous fields like financial services, non-financial services, internet of things (IoT), and so on. Blockchain combines a distributed database and decentralized ledger without the need of verification by central authority. This chapter surveys the different consensus algorithms, blockchain challenges, and their scope. There are still many challenges of this technology, such as scalability and security problems, waiting to be overcome. The consensus algorithms of blockchain are proof of work (POW), proof of stake (POS), ripple protocol consensus algorithm (RPCA), delegated proof of stake (dPOS), stellar consensus protocol (SCP), and proof of importance (POI). This chapter discusses the core concept of blockchain and some mining techniques, consensus problems, and consensus algorithms and comparison algorithms on the basis of performance.

A Brief Analysis of Blockchain Algorithms and Its Challenges

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi ◽  
Tuhina Shree
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Distributed Database ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Central Authority ◽  
Consensus Protocol ◽  
Consensus Algorithms ◽  
The Core ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Comparison Algorithms

Blockchain is the world's most trusted service. It serves as a ledger that allows transaction to take place in a decentralized manner. There are so many applications based on blockchain technology, including those covering numerous fields like financial services, non-financial services, internet of things (IoT), and so on. Blockchain combines a distributed database and decentralized ledger without the need of verification by central authority. This chapter surveys the different consensus algorithms, blockchain challenges, and their scope. There are still many challenges of this technology, such as scalability and security problems, waiting to be overcome. The consensus algorithms of blockchain are proof of work (POW), proof of stake (POS), ripple protocol consensus algorithm (RPCA), delegated proof of stake (dPOS), stellar consensus protocol (SCP), and proof of importance (POI). This chapter discusses the core concept of blockchain and some mining techniques, consensus problems, and consensus algorithms and comparison algorithms on the basis of performance.

scholarly journals Toward a Faster Fault Tolerant Consensus to Maintain Data Consistency in Collaborative Environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (03) ◽  
pp. 1750002
Author(s):  
Fouad Hanna ◽  
Lionel Droz-Bartholet ◽  
Jean-Christophe Lapayre
Keyword(s):  
Network Model ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Data Consistency ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Simulation Platform ◽  
Consensus Problem ◽  
Collaborative Environments ◽  
Consensus Algorithms ◽  
Shared Data ◽  
Simultaneous Process

The consensus problem has become a key issue in the field of collaborative telemedicine systems because of the need to guarantee the consistency of shared data. In this paper, we focus on the performance of consensus algorithms. First, we studied, in the literature, the most well-known algorithms in the domain. Experiments on these algorithms allowed us to propose a new algorithm that enhances the performance of consensus in different situations. During 2014, we presented our very first initial thoughts to enhance the performance of the consensus algorithms, but the proposed solution gave very moderate results. The goal of this paper is to present a new enhanced consensus algorithm, named Fouad, Lionel and J.-Christophe (FLC). This new algorithm was built on the architecture of the Mostefaoui-Raynal (MR) consensus algorithm and integrates new features and some known techniques in order to enhance the performance of consensus in situations where process crashes are present in the system. The results from our experiments running on the simulation platform Neko show that the FLC algorithm gives the best performance when using a multicast network model on different scenarios: in the first scenario, where there are no process crashes nor wrong suspicion, and even in the second one, where multiple simultaneous process crashes take place in the system.

scholarly journals Low–High-Power Consumption Architectures for Deep-Learning Models Applied to Hyperspectral Image Classification

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 776-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. Haut ◽  
Sergio Bernabe ◽  
Mercedes E. Paoletti ◽  
Ruben Fernandez-Beltran ◽  
Antonio Plaza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Image Classification ◽  
High Power ◽  
Hyperspectral Image ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Hyperspectral Image Classification ◽  
High Power Consumption

scholarly journals Log Replication in Raft vs Kafka

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
M. Petrescu ◽  
R. Petrescu
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Systems ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Correct Operation ◽  
Consensus Algorithms ◽  
Fault Tolerant System ◽  
Multiple Algorithms

The implementation of a fault-tolerant system requires some type of consensus algorithm for correct operation. From Paxos to View-stamped Replication and Raft multiple algorithms have been developed to handle this problem. This paper presents and compares the Raft algorithm and Apache Kafka, a distributed messaging system which, although at a higher level, implements many concepts present in Raft (strong leadership, append-only log, log compaction, etc.).This shows that mechanisms conceived to handle one class of problems (consensus algorithms) are very useful to handle a larger category in the context of distributed systems.

scholarly journals On the General Consensus Protocol in Multiagent Networks with Double-Integrator Dynamics and Coupling Time Delay

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Dong ◽  
Xiaofeng Liao
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Matrix Theory ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Directed Network ◽  
Consensus Protocol ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Coupling Time ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Double Integrator

This paper considers the problem of the convergence of the consensus algorithm for multiple agents in a directed network where each agent is governed by double-integrator dynamics and coupling time delay. The advantage of this protocol is that almost all the existing linear local interaction consensus protocols can be considered as special cases of the present paper. By combining algebraic graph theory and matrix theory and studying the distribution of the eigenvalues of the associated characteristic equation, some necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for reaching the second-order consensus. Finally, an illustrative example is also given to support the theoretical results.

Are Crypto-Assets Green Enough? – An analysis of draft EU Regulation on markets in crypto assets from the perspective of the European Green Deal

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-250
Author(s):  
Emanuel Wanat
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Environmental Footprint ◽  
Current Effect ◽  
Consensus Protocol ◽  
Consumption Energy ◽  
Competitive Economy ◽  
The Eu

In 2019 European Commission announced “The European Green Deal” a “a new growth strategy that aims to transform the EU into a fair and prosperous society, with a modern, resource-efficient and competitive economy where there are no net emissions of greenhouse gases in 2050 and where economic growth is decoupled from resource use”. The digital sector must also participate in the Green Deal effort. This articles analyzes questions of sustainability in the context of crypto assets, with particular emphasis on the question of whether Bitcon acutally represent a crypto asset, energy consumption, energy drain, the proof-of-work consensus protocol, the environmental footprint of crypto assets. The article concludes that Bitcoin’s current effect on environment remains controversial at best.

scholarly journals Towards Quantum-Secured Permissioned Blockchain: Signature, Consensus, and Logic

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Sun ◽  
Mirek Sopek ◽  
Quanlong Wang ◽  
Piotr Kulicki
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Signature Scheme ◽  
Consensus Protocol ◽  
Safeguard Measures ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Scripting Language ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Digital Signature Scheme

While Blockchain technology is universally considered as a significant technology for the near future, some of its pillars are under a threat of another thriving technology, Quantum Computing. In this paper, we propose important safeguard measures against this threat by developing a framework of a quantum-secured, permissioned blockchain called Logicontract (LC). LC adopts a digital signature scheme based on Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) mechanisms and a vote-based consensus algorithm to achieve consensus on the blockchain. The main contribution of this paper is in the development of: (1) unconditionally secure signature scheme for LC which makes it immune to the attack of quantum computers; (2) scalable consensus protocol used by LC; (3) logic-based scripting language for the creation of smart contracts on LC; (4) quantum-resistant lottery protocol which illustrates the power and usage of LC.

An Experiment Study on the Moisture Absorption and Desorption Characteristic of Humidity-Controlled Composite Building Blocks in Greenhouse

2011 ◽  
Vol 335-336 ◽  
pp. 240-243
Author(s):  
Feng Lan Wei ◽  
Chun Long Li ◽  
E Liu ◽  
Cai Bei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
High Power ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Absorption Characteristic ◽  
Experiment Study ◽  
High Power Consumption ◽  
Equilibrium Content ◽  
Application Prospects

The moisture absorption characteristic of the humidity-controlled materials at different relative humidity was studied by experiment and the moisture equilibrium content under different humidity condition was obtained. At the same time, the humidity-controlled composite building blocks in greenhouse were successfully developed. The experiment of the humidity-controlled composite building blocks shows that the humidity-controlled composite building blocks can realize the humidity control without the high power consumption, operation inconvenience or polluted the environment etc. compared with the traditional dehumidification method. The humidity-controlled composite building blocks in greenhouse have the very good application prospects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document