scholarly journals Thermal and Physical Properties of Crude Palm Oil with Higher Oleic Content

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7094
Author(s):  
Erislene S. de Almeida ◽  
Daniela da Silva Damaceno ◽  
Laiane Carvalho ◽  
Priscilla Araújo Victor ◽  
Rafaela Menezes dos Passos ◽  
...  

Interspecific hybridization of oil palms (E. guineensis × E. oleifera) was initially exploited to provide disease resistance and, consequently, increased oleic acid content. Besides the growing importance of this cultivar to the market, there is little information about this oil’s properties. In this context, this study aimed to determine a comprehensive physicochemical and thermal characterization of hybrid palm oil (HOPO) compared with the better-known African palm oil (APO). Differences in the distribution of fatty acids, carotenoids, and tocols were observed. Minor differences in density and viscosity were found between the oils, with no relevance for the materials’ processing design. Nevertheless, HOPO showed unique crystallization behavior, which potentially can affect industrial operations, such as fractionation. HOPO did not present the two thermal characteristic regions of APO, attributed to olein and stearin fractions. The HOPO demonstrated a decrease in the melting point of more than 3 °C in relation to APO, and a reduction in the crystallization point of more than 6 °C. Furthermore, besides the higher content of unsaturated fatty acids, HOPO was more stable than APO due to a higher antioxidant content. These results could be useful to establish operation conditions for processes using palm oil from hybrid oil palm.

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
Nafly C. Tiven ◽  
Lies Mira Yusiati ◽  
Rusman Rusman ◽  
Umar Santoso

This research aimed to determine the effect of crude palm oil protected with formaldehyde on the hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen and its effect on blood and meat fatty acids. Fifteenth local male lambs aged 9-12 months weighing 14-17 kg, were divided into 3 groups ration treatment. The first group received only the basal ration (R0), the 2nd group received the basal ration and 3% CPO (R1), while the 3rd group received the basal ration and 3% CPO protected with 2% formaldehyde (R2). Basal feed consisted of 60% grass, 30% bran and 10% soybean meal, with the nutrient content of 62.98% TDN, 45.5% DM, 14.48% CP, 4.70% EE and 21.93% CF. Parameters observed were the fatty acid from rumen fluid, blood and meat of sheep. Data were analyzed by complete randomized design direction patterns. Differences between treatments were tested further using Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. The results showed that treatment of R2 can increase unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen, blood and meat (P


2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
N. C. Tiven ◽  
L. Hartati ◽  
T. M. Simanjorang

This study was conducted to determine the effect of liquid smoke as a fat protector on unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and its effect on rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial activity. Crude palm oil (CPO) was mixed with Prosteo skim milk (1:2), then divided into three treatments i.e., crude palm oil without protection by liquid smoke as a control (P0), crude palm oil protected by 2.5% of liquid smoke (P1), and crude falm oil protected by 5.0% of liquid smoke (P2). For in vitro testing, 300 mg of the feed substrate (elephant grass and bran with the ratio of 60:40) was added with 5% of each crude palm oil preparation of P0, P1, and P2 and put in a fermentor syringe. Then, 30 mL of the mixture of rumen fluid and buffer-minerals solution (1:2) was added into each syringe fermentor and flushed with CO2. The fermentor syringes were incubated in a water bath at 39ᵒC for 48 hours. Variables measured were fatty acid composition, fermentation characteristics, and rumen microbial activity. The data were analyzed by the analysis of variance with a completely randomized design. The results showed that the protection of CPO with liquid smoke in P1 and P2 groups decreased saturated fatty acids (SFAs), but increased (p<0.01) monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and CMCase activity. Protection of CPO with 2.5% of liquid smoke (P1) significantly increased (p<0.01) fermentation characteristics (NH3 content and pH). It can be concluded that the use of 2.5% of liquid smoke has a better effect on feed fats protection, because it can reduce hydrogenation, increase UFAs, and has no negative effects on fermentation characteristics and microbial activity.


2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rismawati Rasyid ◽  
Ummu Kalsum ◽  
Rahmaniah Malik ◽  
Dadi Priyono ◽  
Azis Albar

Abstrak Asam lemak jenuh maupun tak jenuh pada minyak nabati memiliki potensi untuk diubah menjadi bahan kimia penyusun bahan bakar . Komponen asam lemak pada CPO RBD dengan komposisi terbesar adalah asam palmitat (38.2%) dan asam oleat (45.89%).  Pembuatan biodiesel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan CPO (Crude Palm Oil) yang telah dimurnikan melalui reaksi transesterfikasi dengan pereaksi etanol dan katalisator KOH. Penambahan urea sebagai zat aditif pada reaksi dapat meningkatkan kualitas biodiesel yang diperoleh serta lebih efisien dalam tahapan pemurnian. Persentase kadar FAME (Fatty Acid Metyl Ester) setara dengan persen yield biodiesel pada proses reaksi tanpa penambahan urea adalah 90.34% dan mengalami peningkatan setelah penambahan urea sebesar 98%. Densitas yang dihasilkan pada reaksi tanpa zat aditif  0.868 gr/ ml dan reaksi dengan penambahan zat aditif memiliki densitas  0.866 gr/ml,  kedua produk tersebut telah sesuai dengan standar SNI yakni berkisar 0.85–0.89. Kata kunci : biodiesel, CPO, zat aditif Abstract Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in vegetable oils have potential to be converted into constituent of chemicals fuel. Fatty acids in the RBD palm oil with the largest composition are palmitic acid (38.2%) and oleic acid (45.89%). Production of fuel which substitute diesel fuel (biodiesel) from CPO (Crude Palm Oil) which has been purified by transesterification reaction with ethanol reagent and KOH catalyst. The addition of urea as an additive substancein the reaction to improve  the quality as well as more efficient biodiesel obtained in the purification stages. Percentage value of FAME(Fatty Acid Metyl Ester)or yield biodiesel in the reaction without the addition of urea is 90.34% and after the addition of urea increased by 98%. Density of product that produced in the reaction without additives is 0.868 g / ml and for reaction with additives has a density of 0.866 g / ml, both of these products are met the criteria of SNI  standards which ranged from 0.85 to 0.89. Keywords : Biodiesel, CPO, additive substance


2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 1079-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pu Gong ◽  
Gan Ran Deng ◽  
Jian Hua Cao ◽  
Guo Jie Li ◽  
Zhi Liu ◽  
...  

Crude palm oil (CPO) was extracted from fresh fruit bunches of RYL7 oil palm cultivated in Hainan by using a self-made single stage screw press. The physicochemical characteristics and Fatty acid composition of the CPO was investigated. The experimental results included melting point (33.10 °C), density (0.91 g/cm3 at 20 °C), acid value (8.35 mg KOH/g), iodine value (62.72 mg iodine/g), saponifiable value (198.02 mg KOH/g), moisture and volatile matter (0.16% of total lipids), insoluble impurities (0.04% of total lipids), unsaponifiable matter (0.40% of total lipids). Oleic acid (40.90% of total fatty acids), palmitic acid (37.88% of total fatty acids), linoleic (14.29% of total fatty acids), followed by stearic acid (5.11% of total fatty acids) were found to be the predominant fatty acids in the oil. The unsaturated oleic acid was the most predominant fatty acid in CPO of Hainan while saturated palmitic acid was the most principal fatty acid in palm oil from Malaysia. The contents of linolenic, unsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in this CPO were 4.09%, 5.09%, 4.09% higher than that of Malaysia, respectively. In addition, the percentages of palmitic acid and saturated fatty acids of this oil were 5.62%, 6.01% lower than that of Malaysia, respectively.


2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Makrus Ali ◽  
◽  
Tun Tedja Irawadi ◽  
Noviyan Darmawan ◽  
Mohammad Khotib ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Alex Pereira Mota ◽  
Andréia De Andrade Mancio ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Pizarro Borges ◽  
Nélio Teixeira Machado

1999 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1009
Author(s):  
S F Izmailov ◽  
G Y Zhiznevskaya ◽  
L V Kosenko ◽  
G N Troitskaya ◽  
N N Kudryavtseva ◽  
...  

Chemical composition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from an effective (97) and ineffective (87) strains of R. l. viciae has been determined. LPS preparations from the two strains contained: glucose, galactose, mannose, fucose, arabinose, heptose, glucosamine, galactosamine, quinovosamine, and 3-N-methyl-3,6-dideoxyhexose, as well as glucuronic, galacturonic and 3-deoxyoctulosonic acid. The following fatty acids were identified: 3-OH 14:0, 3-OH 15:0, 3-OH 16:0, 3-OH 18:0 and 27-OH 28:0. The ratio of 3-OH 14:0 to other major fatty acids in LPS 87 was higher that in LPS 97. SDS/PAGE profiles of LPS indicated that, in lipopolysaccharides, relative content of S form LPS I to that of lower molecular mass (LPS II) was much higher in the effective strain 97 than in 87. All types of polysaccharides exo-, capsular-, lipo, (EPS, CPS, LPS, respectively) examined possessed the ability to bind faba bean lectin. The degree of affinity of the host lectin to LPS 87 was half that to LPS 97. Fatty acids (FA) composition from bacteroids and peribacteroid membrane (PBM) was determined. Palmitic, stearic and hexadecenoic acids were common components found in both strains. There was a high content of unsaturated fatty acids in bacteroids as well as in PBM lipids. The unsaturation index in the PBM formed by strain 87 was lower than in the case of strain 97. Higher ratio of 16:0 to 18:1 fatty acids was characteristic for PMB of the ineffective strain.


2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie M. Cantwell ◽  
Mary A.T. Flynn ◽  
Michael J. Gibney

The majority of research has focused on the association betweentransunsaturated fatty acids (TUFA) from hydrogenated vegetable oils and heart disease even though TUFA are also produced from hydrogenated fish oil. We compared the acute effect of three solid fats on postprandial cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG) and NEFA concentrations in normocholesterolaemic males. Eight healthy male volunteers consumed each of the three 40g fat meals (partially hydrogenated fish oil (PHFO), palm oil and lard) in random order and blood samples were drawn at 2, 4, 6 and 8h thereafter for lipid analysis. The postprandial response in plasma TAG, TAG-rich lipoprotein-TAG (TRL-TAG), total cholesterol and plasma NEFA, measured as the area under the postprandial curve, was not significantly different between the three meals (p>0·05), which varied in MUFA, PUFA and TUFA content. There was no marked elevation of longer-chain fatty acids (C20–22,cisortransisomers) into the TRL-TAG fraction following the PHFO meal even though they provided 40% of the total fatty acids in the PHFO meal. The postprandial TRL-TAG response to PHFO was expected to be higher, as it is higher in TUFA, lower in PUFA and similar in saturated fatty acid composition compared with the lard and palm oil test meals. The absence of a higher postprandial response following ingestion of PHFO could be as a result of reduced absorption and increased oxidation of long-chain fatty acids (bothcisandtransisomers)


2015 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 295-300
Author(s):  
Nimpan Bangun ◽  
Wiyanti Manullang ◽  
Lois Panggabean ◽  
Seri Bima Sembiring ◽  
Rizal Simangunsong ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
З.А. БАРАНОВА ◽  
И.Б. КРАСИНА ◽  
С.Н. НИКОНОВИЧ ◽  
Е.И. БАРАНОВА

Совершенствование процессов модификации масел и жиров при получении жировых полуфабрикатов с оптимальными свойствами кристаллообразования является актуальным для масложирового и кондитерского производств. Существует ограниченное количество природных растительных масел с оптимальным жирнокислотным и триглицеридным составом для применения в качестве основы жировых смесей при производстве кондитерских жировых начинок. Богатые насыщенными жирными кислотами какао-масло и масло ши являются дорогостоящими жировыми компонентами со специфическими свойствами для использования в кондитерских изделиях. Между тем пальмовое масло имеет хороший баланс между насыщенными и ненасыщенными жирными кислотами. С целью снижения себестоимости жировых полуфабрикатов за счет повторной переработки образующихся промежуточных олеиновых фракций пальмового масла и получения жировых полуфабрикатов, имеющих аналогичные средней фракции пальмового масла физико-химические и структурно-механические свойства, проведено комплексное исследование физико-химических свойств и основных показателей плавления и застывания разработанных жировых композиций: температура застывания не более 23,4°C; твердость при 20°C от 43,7 до 44,7%; массовая доля триглицерида POP от 41,4 до 42,7%. Физико-химические характеристики исходных компонентов жировых полуфабрикатов, %, твердость при 20°C: промежуточной олеиновой фракции 32,5; первой стеариновой фракции 74,3; средней фракции пальмового масла 45,6. Температура плавления промежуточной олеиновой фракции 32,8°C. Получены образцы жировых полуфабрикатов для производства кондитерских жировых начинок (индекс кристаллизации от 1,9 до 2,0). Результаты исследования показали возможность создания жировых полуфабрикатов – аналогов средней фракции пальмового масла, имеющих в составе 10% промежуточной олеиновой фракции. Improvement of the processes of modification of oils and fats when obtaining fatty semi-finished products with optimal crystal formation properties is relevant for production fat and oil products and confectionery. There is a limited amount of natural vegetable oils with an optimal fatty acid and triglyceride composition for use as the basis of fatty mixtures in the production of confectionery fat fillings. Rich in saturated fatty acids, cocoa butter and shea butter are expensive fatty components with specific properties for use in confectionery. Meanwhile, palm oil has a good balance between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. In order to reduce the cost of semi-finished fat products by re-processing the formed intermediate oleic fractions of palm oil and obtaining fat semi-finished products having physicochemical and structural-mechanical properties similar to the middle fraction of palm oil, a comprehensive study of the physicochemical properties and the main indicators of melting and solidification developed fatty compositions: pour point no more than 23,4°C; hardness at 20°Cfrom 43,7 to 44,7%; mass fraction of POP triglyceride from 41,4 to 42,7%. Physical and chemical characteristics of the initial components of fatty semi-finished products, %, hardness at 20°C: intermediate oleic fraction 32,5; first stearic fraction 74,3; middle palm oil fraction 45,6. The melting point of the intermediate oleic fraction is 32,8°C. Samples of fatty semi-finished products for the production of confectionery fatty fillings (crystallization index from 1,9 to 2,0) were obtained. The results of the study showed the possibility of creating fatty semi-finished products – analogues of the mid-fraction of palm oil, which contain 10% of the intermediate oleic fraction.


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