scholarly journals Differences in Gait Cycle and Biomechanical Lower-Limb Joint Function between Elderly People with and without Cognitive Decline

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 8016
Author(s):  
Kiyoung Kwak ◽  
Emilija Kostic ◽  
Dongwook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Joint Power ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Gait Biomechanics ◽  
Analysis System

Because dementia is difficult to treat, the best way is to detect the prodromal stage; this can identify those at high risk of dementia and help to delay its onset. It is a well-known fact that gait has a high correlation with cognitive function. Considering that dementia starts with cognitive decline, investigating the association between cognitive decline and gait may contribute to the detection of elderly individuals at high risk of dementia and even the prevention of dementia. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the gait cycle and biomechanics of elderly people with and without cognitive decline. A three-dimensional motion analysis system was used, and older adults over 65 participated in this study. K-MoCA was used to assess cognitive function and, according to the results of a cognition function assessment, they were classified into two groups. Spatiotemporal variables, subdivisions of the gait cycle, joint angle, joint moment, joint power, and support moment were investigated. Significant differences between both groups appeared in the subdivisions of the gait cycle, and parameters of gait biomechanics were established. These results provide insight into the mechanism dictating the gait of elderly individuals with cognitive decline.

scholarly journals The Association between Widowhood and Cognitive Function among Chinese Elderly People: Do Gender and Widowhood Duration Make a Difference?

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 991
Author(s):  
Nan Xiang ◽  
Erpeng Liu ◽  
Huwei Li ◽  
Xigang Qin ◽  
Hang Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Chinese Elderly ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Healthy Longevity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
State Examination

Few studies have examined the effects of widowhood on cognitive function in Chinese elderly individuals. We conducted a longitudinal study to assess the association between widowhood and cognitive function and further explored gender differences in this association and the impact of widowhood duration. The analytical sample consisted of 5872 Chinese elderly people who participated in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) and were followed up from 2005 to 2014. We used the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to assess cognitive function. Widowhood duration was calculated from the self-reported year at which the spouse passed away. Multilevel growth models were employed to estimate the association between widowhood and cognitive function while adjusting for many demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Widowhood status was associated with cognitive decline among Chinese elderly individuals after adjusting for covariates (B = −0.440, 95% CI −0.727 to −0.152), and this association was only statistically significant among men (B = −0.722, 95% CI −1.104 to −0.339). Being widowed for 5 years or less (B = −0.606, 95% CI −1.112 to −0.100), 16–20 years (B = −0.937, 95% CI −1.685 to −0.190), and 21+ years (B = −1.401, 95% CI −1.967 to −0.834) predicted worse cognitive function in men, while being widowed for more than 21+ years (B = −0.655, 95% CI −1.186 to −0.124) was associated with cognitive decline in women. More attention should be directed towards widowed men and long-term widowed elderly individuals.

Functional Data Analyses for the Assessment of Joint Power Profiles During Gait of Stroke Subjects

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
André G. P. Andrade ◽  
Janaine C. Polese ◽  
Leopoldo A. Paolucci ◽  
Hans-Joachim K. Menzel ◽  
Luci F. Teixeira-Salmela
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Mathematical Function ◽  
Joint Power ◽  
Gait Biomechanics ◽  
Isolated Points ◽  
Parametric Analyses

Lower extremity kinetic data during walking of 12 people with chronic poststroke were reanalyzed, using functional analysis of variance (FANOVA). To perform the FANOVA, the whole curve is represented by a mathematical function, which spans the whole gait cycle and avoids the need to identify isolated points, as required for traditional parametric analyses of variance (ANOVA). The power variables at the ankle, knee, and hip joints, in the sagittal plane, were compared between two conditions: With and without walking sticks at comfortable and fast speeds. For the ankle joint, FANOVA demonstrated increases in plantar flexion power generation during 60–80% of the gait cycle between fast and comfortable speeds with the use of walking sticks. For the knee joint, the use of walking sticks resulted in increases in the knee extension power generation during 10–30% of the gait cycle. During both speeds, the use of walking sticks resulted in increased power generation by the hip extensors and flexors during 10–30% and 40–70% of the gait cycle, respectively. These findings demonstrated the benefits of applying the FANOVA approach to improve the knowledge regarding the effects of walking sticks on gait biomechanics and encourage its use within other clinical contexts.

scholarly journals Hypertension is Associated With Cognitive Decline in Elderly People at High Risk for Dementia

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wysocki ◽  
Xiaodong Luo ◽  
James Schmeidler ◽  
Karen Dahlman ◽  
Gerson T. Lesser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Elderly People

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Food Components on Cognitive Functions in Older Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2804
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Ozawa ◽  
Taiki Miyazawa ◽  
Teruo Miyazawa
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline ◽  
The Relationship

Population aging has recently been an important issue as the number of elderly people is growing worldwide every year, and the extension of social security costs is financially costly. The increase in the number of elderly people with cognitive decline is a serious problem related to the aging of populations. Therefore, it is necessary to consider not only physical care but also cognitive patterns in the future care of older adults. Since food contains a variety of bioactive substances, dietary patterns may help improve age-related cognitive decline. However, the relationship between cognitive function and individual food components remains ambiguous as no clear efficacy or mechanism has been confirmed. Against this background, this review summarizes previous reports on the biological process of cognitive decline in the elderly and the relationship between individual compounds in foods and cognitive function, as well as the role of individual components of food in cognitive function, in the following order: lipids, carotenoids, vitamins, phenolic compounds, amino acids, peptides, and proteins. Based on the research presented in this review, a proper diet that preserves cognitive function has the potential to improve age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. Hopefully, this review will help to trigger the development of new foods and technologies that improve aging and cognitive functions and extend the healthy life span.

Immediate-term effects of use of an ankle–foot orthosis with an oil damper on the gait of stroke patients when walking without the device

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumiko Yamamoto ◽  
Setsuro Ibayashi ◽  
Masako Fuchi ◽  
Tadashi Yasui
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Joint Power ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthosis ◽  
Natural Movement ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Foot Orthosis

Background:An ankle–foot orthosis using an oil damper is designed to enable natural movement of the ankle joint. Wearing an ankle–foot orthosis using an oil damper has been demonstrated to assist the first rocker in stroke patients, but its effect on their gait when not wearing it is unclear.Objectives:To determine the effect of use of ankle–foot orthosis using an oil damper on the gait of stroke patients with hemiparesis when not wearing the ankle–foot orthosis.Study design:Crossover study.Methods:The gait of eight stroke patients in the chronic phase when not wearing an ankle–foot orthosis was measured, using a three-dimensional motion analysis system, before using the ankle–foot orthosis using an oil damper and then without and with using the ankle–foot orthosis using an oil damper after 3 weeks of use. Differences in gait were compared between the three measurement conditions.Results:Use of ankle–foot orthosis using an oil damper significantly decreased preswing time and significantly increased the positive ankle joint power in stance when not wearing the ankle–foot orthosis using an oil damper.Conclusions:These changes indicate the promising therapeutic effects of ankle–foot orthosis using an oil damper use and suggest the ankle–foot orthosis using an oil damper’s potential as a therapeutic device.Clinical relevanceAfter 3 weeks of use of an ankle–foot orthosis using an oil damper, which assists the first rocker, the gait of stroke patients in the chronic phase when not wearing the ankle–foot orthosis using an oil damper was improved. Preswing time was significantly decreased and positive ankle joint power was significantly increased. The ankle–foot orthosis using an oil damper, which assists the first rocker function with natural movement of the ankle joint during gait, has the potential to improve the gait of stroke patients after immediate-term use.

scholarly journals Short Daytime Napping Reduces the Risk of Cognitive Decline in Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals: a 5-Year Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Kitamura ◽  
Yumi Watanabe ◽  
Kazutoshi Nakamura ◽  
Chikako Takano ◽  
Naomi Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Community Dwelling Older People ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background: Beneficial effects of napping on cognition have been suggested in cross-sectional studies. This study aimed to clarify longitudinal associations between cognitive decline and sleep characteristics, particularly daytime napping, over a 5-year period in older adults. Methods: Study participants were 389 community-dwelling individuals aged ≥65 years living in Ojiya City, Niigata, Japan. Baseline and follow-up examinations were conducted in 2011-2013 and 2016-2018, respectively. Trained nurses visited and interviewed participants to collect the following information: demographic characteristics, disease history, lifestyle habits including sleep and daytime napping, and cognitive function at baseline; and cognitive function at follow-up. The assessment of cognitive function was performed using the revised Hasegawa’s dementia scale (HDS-R), with cognitive decline defined as a 5-year change in HDS-R of ≤–3. Odds ratios (ORs) for cognitive decline were calculated using multiple logistic regression analysis.Results: Mean age of participants was 74.6 years (SD 6.4), and the cumulative incidence of cognitive decline was 106/389 (27.3%). The multivariable-adjusted OR for 1-29 min daytime napping was significantly lower compared to that for no napping (OR=0.47, 95%CI: 0.23-0.96). Bedtime was inversely associated with cognitive decline (multivariable-adjusted P for trend=0.0480).Conclusion: Short daytime napping (<30 min) reduces the risk of 5-year cognitive decline in community-dwelling older people. A future study will be necessary to confirm the effect of short napping on the reduction of risk for clinically diagnosed dementia.

scholarly journals Self-Rated Health Status as a Predictor of Executive Function in Older Latinos

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 331-332
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Guzman ◽  
Yuliana Soto ◽  
David Marquez ◽  
Susan Aguinaga
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Excellent Health ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Fair Poor ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Latinos have high risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Self-rated health (SRH) has been used to predict cognitive decline. Early detection of executive function changes may help identify those at higher risk of cognitive decline. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between SRH and executive function in Latinos. Latinos (N=333, 84.4% female, Mage= 64.9 ± 7.08) from the BAILA randomized controlled trial self-rated their health as 1) poor/fair, 2) good, and 3) very good/excellent. Executive function was assessed by the Trail-making B, Verbal Fluency, Stroop C & CW, and the Digit Modality tests and stratified by SRH. One-way analysis of variance showed that the effect of SRH was significant for Trails B, F(2,298)=4.01, p=.019 and Stroop CW, F(2,298)=3.07, p=.048. Tukey’s test indicated that participants who rated their health as fair/poor took longer to complete Trails B (M=196.78±83.0 seconds) compared to those who rated their health as good (M=185.25 ± 85.1 seconds) and very good/excellent (M=149.25±95.3 seconds). Stroop CW results demonstrated that those in the fair/poor health category scored lower (M=17.22±6.6) than those in good (M=19.70±8.5 words/minutes) and very good/excellent health categories (M=18.73±8.2 words/minute). In sum, the results suggest SRH is related to executive function such that lower categories of SRH are indicative of poorer executive function. SRH might be used as a proxy for executive function and as a tool that community leaders can use to identify individuals at high risk of ADRD in need of behavioral interventions.

scholarly journals Social isolation, rather than loneliness, is associated with cognitive decline in older adults: the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bin Yu ◽  
Andrew Steptoe ◽  
Yongjie Chen ◽  
Xiaohua Jia
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Mental Status ◽  
Chinese Older Adults ◽  
Confounding Variables

Abstract Background Social isolation and loneliness have each been associated with cognitive decline, but most previous research is limited to Western populations. This study examined the relationships of social isolation and loneliness on cognitive function among Chinese older adults. Methods This study used two waves of data (2011 and 2015) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and analyses were restricted to those respondents aged 50 and older. Social isolation, loneliness, and cognitive function were measured at baseline. Follow-up measures on cognitive function were obtained for 7761 participants (mean age = 60.97, s.d. = 7.31; male, 50.8%). Lagged dependent variable models adjusted for confounding factors were used to evaluate the association between baseline isolation, loneliness, and cognitive function at follow-up. Results Loneliness was significantly associated with the cognitive decline at follow-up (episodic memory: β = −0.03, p < 0.01; mental status: β = −0.03, p < 0.01) in the partially adjusted models. These associations became insignificant after additional confounding variables (chronic diseases, health behaviors, disabilities, and depressive symptoms) were taken into account (all p > 0.05). By contrast, social isolation was significantly associated with decreases in all cognitive function measures at follow-up (episodic memory: β = −0.05, p < 0.001; mental status: β = −0.03, p < 0.01) even after controlling for loneliness and all confounding variables. Conclusions Social isolation is associated with cognitive decline in Chinese older adults, and the relationships are independent of loneliness. These findings expand our knowledge about the links between social relationships and the cognitive function in non-Western populations.

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