scholarly journals State of the Art in Comorbidities and Complications Associated with Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 8056
Author(s):  
Domenico Ciavarella ◽  
Michele Tepedino ◽  
Giuseppe Troiano
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sleep Related Breathing Disorders ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Breathing Disorders ◽  
The Social ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Other Regarding

The term “sleep-related breathing disorders” (SRDB) comprehends a spectrum of pathologic conditions characterized by abnormal respiration during sleep, that can affect both adults and growing subjects. The expanding knowledge on this topic has revealed that impaired sleeping and breathing have profound effects on many systemic functions, therefore a modern approach requires the collaboration of different professionals like the otorhinolaryngologist, pneumologist, neurologist, cardiologist, psychologist, dentist, and many others. The real prevalence of such conditions is unknown, especially in children, even though a growing awareness can be found among Governments, researchers, and public opinion, especially for the social implications that SRDB can have. Moreover, recent studies have raised attention on comorbidities that can be associated with SRDB, influencing each other. Regarding the current international situation, it would be interesting to evaluate the progress of COVID-19 disease in SRDB patients. Defining the state-of-the-art knowledge on all the conditions orbiting around SRDB, from all points of view—aetiology, diagnosis, clinical management, interdisciplinarity, public health management—would be of great interest and impact to improve future research and the quality of life of SRDB patients.

The Social Consequences of Phubbing

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariek Vanden Abeele
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Expectancy Violations ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
The Social

Recent empirical work suggests that phubbing, a term used to describe the practice of snubbing someone with a phone during a face-to-face social interaction, harms the quality of social relationships. Based on a comprehensive literature review, this chapter presents a framework that integrates three concurrent mechanisms that explain the relational impact of phubbing: expectancy violations, ostracism, and attentional conflict. Based on this framework, theoretically grounded propositions are formulated that may serve as guidelines for future research on these mechanisms, the conditions under which they operate, and a number of potential issues that need to be considered to further validate and extend the framework.

Dissemination of Assistive Technology Devices for Children with Disabilities through Realabilities

2015 ◽  
pp. 310-335
Author(s):  
Senada Arucevic
Keyword(s):  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Children's Television ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individuals With Disabilities ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Further Development

Over the last decade, vast research has been conducted on assistive technology devices and the potential implementation of these devices in the daily lives of individuals with disabilities. Many devices are new to the public and may require further development, but it is important to disseminate information about these useful technologies, which often afford users more independence with their activities of daily living. Unfortunately individuals with disabilities often encounter stigma; research suggests that assistive technology devices may at times contribute to this ostracism. This chapter reviews a variety of technologies that have been used to improve the quality of life of individuals with varying disabilities. These devices are presented in the context of introducing a new children's television show, Realabilities, a pro-social and stop-bullying children's television program that seeks to enhance the social interaction and initiation of typical children towards children with disabilities. Directions for future research and implementation of these devices are also discussed.

Some Recent Interpretations of John Stuart Mill

Philosophy ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 43 (163) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Halliday
Keyword(s):  
Central Place ◽  
John Stuart Mill ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Structure ◽  
Relevant Question ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Conduct ◽  
Other Regarding

It is usual to interpret Mill's understanding of liberty in terms deriving from his distinction in On Liberty between self-regarding and other-regarding conduct. Granted this distinction and Mill's genuine concern to define and defend it, it remains a relevant question why he attached so much importance to it. This raises a less familiar theme in Mill, namely the inter-connection of self-regarding and other-regarding conduct. An uncommitted reading of the main texts suggests an equivalent value is attached to this. Mill clearly and constantly asserts a close connection between each person's own attempt to improve himself, to cultivate his ‘affections and will’, and the social and political structure in which he acts. Self-regarding virtue and responsible social conduct are interdependent; the quality of each depends upon the quality of the other. A fuller recognition of this and its central place in Mill's revision of Bentham may be of help in examining some of the particular problems raised by recent scholarship on Mill.

scholarly journals Cost of Waiting on an Orthopaedic Waiting List: a scoping review

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Morris ◽  
Asterie Twizeyemariya ◽  
Karen Grimmer
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Patient Journey ◽  
The Impact

Background: Approximately 30% Australians suffer from arthritis and other musculoskeletal disorders. From 2003-2033 there is a predicted 223% increase in expenditure on health management of musculoskeletal disorders. There is evidence of increasing prevalence of orthopaedic complaints, in longer waiting lists for specialist consultations in public hospital outpatient clinics. Little is known about the costs and ramifications of waiting for orthopaedic consultations. Aim: Establish what is known about the direct and indirect costs of being placed on a waiting list for an orthopaedic consultation. Method: Patient and Outcome search strategy of Medline, Embase, Pubmed, NHS Economic evaluation database (NHS-EED) from each database inception date. Handsearching of reference lists of included papers alsooccurred. A realist synthesis framework underpinned the review, using a ubiquitous patient journey to map available literature on the impact of waiting. Hierarchy of evidence was reported using NHMRC criteria andarticles critically appraised using either the PEDRo or CASP criteria (relevant to the design). A purpose-built data extraction instrument was developed. Results: We identified 786 studies, of which 139 were relevant, including a systematic review (Hoogeboom et al) with 15 included articles which were added to the list of eligible papers (and the review itself deleted), leaving 153 included articles; 17 were relevant to the review. Fourteen papers reported on quality of life and four reported on costs, two of these papers reported on both and all were of low to moderate quality. The research was not based on a comprehensive understanding of the stages of waiting, and there were inconclusive outcomes for quality of life and cost. Conclusion: There is scant evidence of the impact on quality of life and costs of waiting for orthopaedic outpatient appointments. Future research should aim for improved methodological quality and use patientfocused quality of life measures, and validated measures of cost. Abbreviations: NHMRC – National Health and Medical Research Council; PROMS – Patient Related Outcome Measures; QoL – Quality of Life; WOMAC – Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index; YLD – Years Lived With Disability

scholarly journals Functional and Dysfunctional Fear of COVID-19: A Classification Scheme

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reka Solymosi ◽  
Jonathan Jackson ◽  
Krisztián Pósch ◽  
Julia Yesberg ◽  
Ben Bradford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
The Social

Worry about COVID-19 is a central topic of research into the social and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Worry can be a negative and debilitating experience that damages mental health and discourages healthy re-engagement with the world, but it can also be a problem-solving activity, directing people’s attention to problems, and encouraging them to act accordingly. We present in this paper a way of measuring worry about catching COVID-19 that distinguishes between “functional fear” and “dysfunctional fear.” Drawing on work into fear of crime, our classification divides people into three groups: (1) the unworried, (2) the functionally worried (adaptive emotions encourage proactive behaviours to reduce the chance of infection) and (3) the dysfunctionally worried (quality of life is damaged by the emotional experience or taking ineffective or damaging precautions). Analysing data from two waves of a longitudinal panel study of over 1,000 individuals living in ten cities in England, Scotland and Wales, we find differing levels of negative anxiety, anger, loneliness, unhappiness and life satisfaction for each of the three groups, with dysfunctionally worried experiencing the most negative outcomes and functionally worried experiencing less negative outcomes than unworried. We find no difference between groups in compliance and willingness to re-engage in social life. Finally, we compare perceptions of risk (differentiating between likelihood, control and consequence) for each group, and find a difference between the dysfunctionally worried compared with functional and unworried groups. Our findings inform what sort of content-targeted messaging aimed at reducing dysfunctional worry might wish to promote. We conclude with some thoughts on the applicability of our measurement scheme for future research.

scholarly journals Dignity-conserving care for persons with palliative care needs — identifying outcomes studied in research: An integrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 722-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Söderman ◽  
Ulrika Östlund ◽  
Carina Werkander Harstäde ◽  
Karin Blomberg
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Study Protocols ◽  
The Social ◽  
Palliative Care Needs

AbstractObjectivesWith people living longer, palliative care may be required for lengthier periods of time. This puts demands on healthcare organizations to provide optimal palliative care. Maintaining dignity is central for any person's health and quality of life, but especially for a person with palliative care needs. Dignity-conserving care needs to be evaluated to increase knowledge about outcomes and how to assess these. The purpose of this integrative review was to identify outcomes studied within dignity-conserving care and how these have been operationalized.MethodsAn integrative review was conducted in 26 quantitative or mixed-method studies and study protocols. Thematic synthesis with an abductive approach was used for analysis.ResultsSeven themes of studied outcomes were identified, as well as four cluster themes: themes related to Illness-Related Concerns, themes related to the Dignity-Conserving Repertoire, themes related to the Social Dignity Inventory, and themes regarding Overarching Dignity Issues. Most outcomes studied dealt with Illness-Related Concerns within the themes of “Performance, symptoms and emotional concerns” and “End-of-life and existential aspects”. Themes linked to the Social Dignity Inventory had the lowest number of outcomes studied. Outcomes regarding overarching dignity issues such as “Dignity-related distress” and “Quality of life” were common. However, the results lacked concrete communication outcomes.Significance of resultsThe results will underpin future research in which dignity-conserving care is implemented and evaluated, and contribute to the provision of evidence-based palliative care. A greater focus on outcomes within cluster themes related to the Dignity-Conserving Repertoire and the Social Dignity Inventory is needed, as is more focus on communication outcomes.

scholarly journals Editor's Introduction to Volume 40, Issue 1

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Anne EC McCants
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Science History ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Social Science History ◽  
Parent Organization ◽  
The Social ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Scholarly Inquiry

With this issue, Social Science History begins its fortieth year of publication. The journal is also in its second year of publication with Cambridge University Press. So this seems an especially propitious moment to take stock of who we are and how we conceive of our mission, to both our parent organization and to the wider world of interdisciplinary scholarly inquiry. Since our founding in 1976, the journal remains firmly rooted in the organizational and intellectual apparatus of the Social Science History Association (SSHA). We embrace the cross-disciplinary and grassroots “network” structure of the annual meetings in forming our Editorial Board, with its rotating membership and diverse representation from across the historical and social science disciplines. We actively seek out new scholarship, as well as encourage SSHA members to propose special issues that address a common theme or scholarly question from multiple disciplinary points of view and address different places and time periods. But we also remain fundamentally historical in our purview, dedicated to “improv[ing] the quality of historical explanation in every manner possible, but particularly by encouraging the selective use and adaptation in historical . . . research of relevant theories and methods from related disciplines, particularly the social sciences.”

Dissemination of Assistive Technology Devices for Children with Disabilities through Realabilities

2016 ◽  
pp. 1201-1227
Author(s):  
Senada Arucevic
Keyword(s):  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Children's Television ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individuals With Disabilities ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Further Development

Over the last decade, vast research has been conducted on assistive technology devices and the potential implementation of these devices in the daily lives of individuals with disabilities. Many devices are new to the public and may require further development, but it is important to disseminate information about these useful technologies, which often afford users more independence with their activities of daily living. Unfortunately individuals with disabilities often encounter stigma; research suggests that assistive technology devices may at times contribute to this ostracism. This chapter reviews a variety of technologies that have been used to improve the quality of life of individuals with varying disabilities. These devices are presented in the context of introducing a new children's television show, Realabilities, a pro-social and stop-bullying children's television program that seeks to enhance the social interaction and initiation of typical children towards children with disabilities. Directions for future research and implementation of these devices are also discussed.

Trust in Social Dilemmas

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Social Dilemmas ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Emerging Themes ◽  
Theoretical Developments

Trust is one of the most classic themes across the social and behavioral sciences. It is also a topic is that is strongly intertwined with cooperation and social dilemmas, and there is little doubt that trust is an effective tool to promote cooperation, even if cooperation without trust is possible under certain circumstances. The past decade has also increasingly revealed emerging themes, new theoretical developments, intriguing questions, and a challenging debate revolving around the evolution, as well as strengths and limitations, of trust in social dilemmas and other situations of interdependence. Major societal issues are partially issues of trust: the financial crisis and the refuge crisis are two examples. Why can systems of excessive bonuses emerge and survive? Why is it that we tend to approach individuals with a healthy dose of trust, but we tend to be suspicious of other groups—or even individual members of other groups? Some scientists make the claim that it is ultimately trust—or rather the lack of it—that undermines intergroup relations. One of the next challenges is to examine the workings of trust and how best to organize a system that exploits the opportunities of trust within groups and between groups in contemporary society. We hope this book provides a state of the art of this literature and that the themes discussed in this book will indeed turn out to be prominent ones in future research on trust in social dilemmas—whether they operate at the level of interpersonal or intergroup relations.

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