Intake of Free Sugars and Main Food Category Contributors among French Children, Adolescents and Adults

A high intake of free sugars (FS) is assumed to be associated with overweight and obesity as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends an intake of FS of less than 10% of daily total energy intake (TEI). The purpose of this study was to update the FS intake data for the French population, including children and adolescents as well as adults, based on the 2019 French Food Behavior and Consumption survey (CCAF). FS intakes were assessed at 67 g/day (15.3% of TEI) in children and adolescents as well as 57 g/day (10.5% of TEI) in adults. The main FS contributors were cakes/pastries, sugary drinks and fruit juices in children as well as sugary products, cakes/pastries and fruit juices in adults. The contribution of FS intakes to TEI fell with age, from 15.6% of TEI in 3–6 years children to around 8–9% for adults older than 50 years. On average, children were above the WHO recommendation of FS intake, but adults were close to or even below the threshold of 10% TEI. These observations are of great importance to prospective public health activities focusing on changes in FS intakes.

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Free Sugars Consumption in Canada

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051471 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1471

Author(s):

Huma Rana ◽

Marie-Claude Mallet ◽

Alejandro Gonzalez ◽

Marie-France Verreault ◽

Sylvie St-Pierre

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Total Energy ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Free Sugars ◽

Added Sugars ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Baked Products

Free sugars (FS) are associated with a higher risk of dental decay in children and an increased risk of weight gain, overweight and obesity and type 2 diabetes. For this reason, Canada’s Food Guide recommends limiting foods and beverages that contribute to excess free sugars consumption. Estimating FS intakes is needed to inform policies and interventions aimed at reducing Canadians’ consumption of FS. The objective of this study was to estimate FS intake of Canadians using a new method that estimated the free sugars content of foods in the Canadian Nutrient File, the database used in national nutrition surveys. We define FS as sugars present in food products in which the structure has been broken down. We found that 12% of total energy (about 56 g) comes from FS in the diet of Canadians 1 year of age and older (≥1 year). The top four sources were: (1) sugars, syrups, preserves, confectionary, desserts; (2) soft drinks; (3) baked products and (4) juice (without added sugars), and accounted for 60% of total free sugars intake. The results show that efforts need to be sustained to help Canadians, particularly children and adolescents, to reduce their FS intake.

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Secular Trends of Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity in Children and Adolescents from Ukraine

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18063302 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 3302

Author(s):

Katarzyna Dereń ◽

Justyna Wyszyńska ◽

Serhiy Nyankovskyy ◽

Olena Nyankovska ◽

Marta Yatsula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Age Groups ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

World Health ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Significant Public Health ◽

Health Organization ◽

Obesity In Children

Overweight and obesity, as well as underweight in children and adolescents, pose a significant public health issue. This study aimed to investigate the secular trend of the incidence of underweight, overweight, and obesity in children from Ukraine in 2013/2014 and 2018/2019. The studies were conducted in randomly selected primary and secondary schools in Ukraine. In total, 13,447 children (6468 boys and 6979 girls) participated in the study in 2013/2014 and 18,144 children (8717 boys and 9427 girls) participated in 2018/2019. Measurements of body weight and height were performed in triplicate. Underweight, overweight, and obesity were diagnosed according to the standards of the World Health Organization (WHO). In the group of girls, a significant difference between 2013/2014 and 2018/2019 measurements was found only among 7-year-olds. The percentage of girls at this age exceeding the body mass index (BMI) norm was lower in the 2018/2019 study. In boys, a significant difference was also found in 7-year-olds, and, as in girls, a lower share of overweight and obesity was found in 2018/2019. But for the ages of 12, 13, and 15, the significant differences had a different character—more overweight or obese boys were found in the 2018/2019 study. The proportion of underweight children was similar for the majority of age groups in both genders and did not differ in a statistically significant way.

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Overweight and obesity: prevalence in children and adolescents in Northern Brazil

Journal of Human Growth and Development ◽

10.7322/jhgd.v30.10376 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 266-273

Author(s):

Edson Dos Santos Farias ◽

Katia Fernanda Alves Moreira ◽

Josivana Pontes dos Santos ◽

Ivanice Fernandes Barcellos Gemelli ◽

Gean Magalhães da Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

World Health ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

The Social ◽

Northern Brazil ◽

Health Organization ◽

Porto Velho

Introduction: Obesity is a chronic disease with a multifactorial etiology, brought about by a set of genetic, environmental and psychological factors. This may generate comorbidities that affect the quality of life and involve other risks to health. Objective: To describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school children and adolescents in Porto Velho - Rondônia, Brazil in the period 2013-2016. Methods: This study included 4165 schoolchildren aged 9 to 18 years. The students were classified as overweight and obese, according to the z score of the body mass index (BMI) for age and calculated according the WHO AnthroPlus program. Subsequently, BMI for age was categorized according to the criteria proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2007): overweight (? score z +1 ? z + 2) and obese (? score z +2). Prevalence calculations were performed using the SPSS version 20.0 program. Results: Overall, the prevalence of overweight was 27.1%, being overweight 18.8% and obese 8.3%, in private schools 21.4% and 9.8%, public schools 17.0% and 7.2% respectively. The east zone predominated in both education networks 18.8% and 8.3% respectively. In males, the highest prevalence was at nine years old, 30.7% and 23.0%, and female, 24.3% and 13.8%. Conclusion: The magnitude of the prevalence of overweight and obesity was high and worrying among schoolchildren and adolescents in the city of Porto Velho, which demonstrates the need for public health actions aimed at the family unit, regardless of the social segment.

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The Importance of the World Health Organization Sugar Guidelines for Dental Health and Obesity Prevention

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000491556 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 149-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Joao Breda ◽

Jo Jewell ◽

Amélie Keller

Keyword(s):

Total Energy ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Total Energy Intake ◽

World Health ◽

Strong Recommendation ◽

Free Sugars ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a reduced intake of free sugars throughout the life course (strong recommendation) with a reduction of free sugars intake to less than 10% of the total energy intake (strong recommendation) and preferably below 5% of the total energy intake (conditional recommendation) in both adults and children. Available data clearly show that people already consume significantly more sugar than they should, increasing the risk for dental caries, overweight and obesity. The WHO recommendations are intended for use by the policy makers as a benchmark for assessing intake of sugars by populations and as a driving force for policy change. To create a favorable environment, enabling the overall amount of free sugar intake to be as low as possible and to reduce the frequency of consumption of sugar-rich foods, a range of public health interventions is advised.

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Adipotsitokiny v nauchnoy i klinicheskoy praktike

Obesity and metabolism ◽

10.14341/2071-8713-5189 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 32-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A V Kosygina

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Social Adaptation ◽

World Health ◽

The World ◽

Oncological Diseases ◽

Health Organization

In recent decades, overweight and obesity have become a major problem for most countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than a billion people worldwide are overweight and more than 300 million are obese. These clinical and experimental studies highlight a clear relationship between obesity and several chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, high risk of oncological diseases, disorders of the reproductive sphere, pathology of the musculoskeletal system, as well as deviations in mental status and processes of social adaptation. Therefore, considerable efforts of modern endocrinology focused on the study of etiopathogenetic aspects that underlie these diseases and identification of possible markers.

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Changes from 1986 to 2018 in the Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight, Metabolic Control and Treatment in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

10.21203/rs.3.rs-669040/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

María Teresa Pastor-Fajardo ◽

María Teresa Fajardo-Giménez ◽

Vicente Bosch-Giménez ◽

José Pastor-Rosado

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Metabolic Control ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

World Health ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Diabetic Children ◽

Health Organization

Abstract Background: In recent decades, a global increase in the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has been observed in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional, population study examined three groups (1986, 2007, and 2018) of children and adolescents aged <16 years diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Overweight and obesity were defined according to the World Health Organization recommendations.Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in diabetic children and adolescents was 30.2% (95% CI: 23.1-38.3). There was a significant increase from 1986 to 2007 (11.9% to 41.7%, p=0.002) and from 1986 to 2018 (11.9% to 34.8%, p=0.012), but no significant differences were found from 2007 to 2018 (41.7% to 34.8%, p=0.492). The age at diagnosis was lower in the group with excess body mass (p=0.037). No significant differences were observed in age (p=0.690), duration of diabetes (p=0.163), distribution according to sex (p=0.452), metabolic control (HbA1c, p=0.909), or insulin units kg/day (p=0.566), in diabetic patients with overweight or obesity. From 2007 to 2018, the use of insulin analogs (p=0.009) and a higher number of insulin doses (p=0.007) increased significantly, with no increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity.Conclusions: The evolution of the prevalence of overweight and obesity in diabetic children and adolescents during the study period is a reflection of the epidemic of childhood obesity in a global obesogenic environment.

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Modern view on the problem of children and adolescents physical development assesment

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17750/kmj2015-1015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 96 (6) ◽

pp. 1015-1021 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L D Izotova

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Physical Development ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

World Health ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

Children Under 5

The aim of work was to compile information on current international approaches to children and adolescents physical development assessment. Physical development is an important health indicator of children and adolescents, which reflects individual sexual and constitutional features, different climatic and socio-economic living conditions. Currently different of methods are used to assess children physical development. In 2006, the World Health Organization introduced a reference growth rates of children under 5 years («Child Growth Standards for children»), which show how children should grow while ensuring proper care, feeding and healthy environment. These standards make it possible to assess the physical development of children all over the world, regardless of ethnicity, feeding type and socioeconomic status. «WHO Growth Reference 2007» standards are developed for children from 5 to 19 years. It is recommended to evaluate nutritional status from 2 years of age by calculating the body mass index standard deviation score (SDS) on the standard for the corresponding age and sex. The program for personal computers «WHO Anthro» was developed for individual assessment of children under 5 years anthropometric indicators using both parametric (sigma - Z-score determination) and nonparametric (centile - percentile determination) methods, and the program «WHO AnthroPLUS» - for children and adolescents over 5 years. The programs allow to asses physical development easily and conveniently in practical application and to visualize the results. The World Health Organization international reference standards allow to evaluate physical development pathology, including nutritional status, according to international criteria for malnutrition, overweight and obesity, short and tall stature diagnosis. Adoption of the World Health Organization standards unifies the methodology for assessing the children and adolescents physical development, will make comparable the results obtained at different time, in different countries and regions of the world.

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Nutritional Quality of Hidden Food and Beverage Advertising Directed to Children: Extent and Nature of Product Placement in Mexican Television Programs

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17093086 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 3086

Author(s):

Ana Munguía-Serrano ◽

Lizbeth Tolentino-Mayo ◽

Florence L. Théodore ◽

Stefanie Vandevijvere

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Quality ◽

Product Placement ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

World Health ◽

Television Programs ◽

Regional Office ◽

Food Category ◽

Food And Beverage ◽

Health Organization

(1) Background: Nutrient-poor, energy-dense food and beverage (F&B) advertisements influence children’s food preferences, consumption, and purchase requests, contributing to overweight and obesity. Objective: To characterize the nutritional quality of F&B advertised by product placement (PP) in Mexican television programs with the highest audience ratings for children. (2) Methods: A total of 48 h of television programs between December 2016 and January 2017 during the hours with the highest ratings for children were analyzed. Nutritional quality was assessed through the Mexican Ministry of Health (MMH-NPM), the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe (WHO-Europe), and the Pan American Health Organization nutrient profile models (PAHO-NPM). (3) Results: A total of 119 F&B were broadcast, of which more than 60% were unhealthy according to the three nutritional models. Reality shows and movies presented the most PP advertising. The food category most frequently advertised was sugar-sweetened beverages (41.2%). F&B advertised in children’s programs had a higher content of energy, total fat, and saturated fat (p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The MMH-NPM was the most permissive and the PAHO-NPM was the strictest for evaluating nutritional quality. Mexico must strengthen the regulation of advertising to protect children from its negative effects on health.

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The Prevalence of Childhood Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity based on Four Different Criteria

Journal of Nutrition and Food Security ◽

10.18502/jnfs.v5i4.4434 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mojgan Amiri ◽

Nastaran Ahmadi ◽

Mohammad Reza Mohammadi ◽

Seyed Ali Mostafavi ◽

Mahla Zahedifard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Task Force ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

High Rate ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Organization ◽

Iranian Children

Background: Childhood/adolescence under- and over-nutrition are among the major public concerns worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity among children living in Yazd, Iran using different criteria. Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among children and adolescents aged 6-18 years. Body weight, height, waist, and hip circumference were measured. Furthermore, the body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio were calculated. Afterwards, BMI was classified according to four criteria including the US center for disease control and prevention (CDC), world health organization (WHO), the international obesity task force (IOTF), and Iranian national cut-points. Results: The mean age of the included children was 11.32 ± 3.89 years. Overall, the highest rate of underweight was estimated by IOTF %16.9 and the lowest rate was estimated by the national criteria %1.2. Furthermore, the highest and the lowest rates for overweight were obtained by CDC2000 %19.0 and WHO criteria %12.2, respectively. The highest and lowest rates for obesity were obtained by the national %22.3 and the CDC2000 criteria %11.3, respectively. The selected criteria were significantly different in estimating underweight, overweight, and obesity (P < 0.05). Conclusions: All the mentioned criteria showed high rate of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Yazd. Furthermore, the highest rate of obesity was detected by national criteria. The national distribution of BMI in Iranian children is skewed to overweight and obesity.

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The Prevalence of Weight Disorders in Children and Adolescents in Lorestan Province: Comparison of Three Different Criteria in A Cross-sectional Study

Journal of Nutrition and Food Security ◽

10.18502/jnfs.v6i4.7619 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hedayat Nazari ◽

Mohamad Reza Mohammadi ◽

Seyed-Ali Mostafavi ◽

Ali Khaleghi ◽

Nastaran Ahmadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

World Health ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total Prevalence ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Health Organization

Background: Anthropometric studies in children and adolescents are important to screen changes in growth and puberty. Hence, standard percentiles and cutoffs are set by the World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and Iranian national criteria. This study aimed to examine and compare the prevalence of weight disorders in children and adolescents in Lorestan province according to different criteria. Methods: Children and adolescents (6–18 years) were randomly selected from the urban and rural areas by the multistage stratified cluster sampling method. All Iranian citizens aged who resided in Lorestan province for at least one year were eligible to participate in this study. After obtaining consent forms, researchers gathered the accurate anthropometrics and body mass index (BMI) measurements. Results: A total of 866 children and adolescents took part in the study, 447(51.6%) of whom were girls and 419 (48.4%) were boys. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 17% in boys and 12.5% in girls. The prevalence of underweight in girls was 5.8%; while in boys it was 4.5%. The total prevalence rate of underweight according to the national criteria was 5.2%. However, this rate increased to 12% and 12.6% by using WHO and CDC cut-off points, respectively. The highest prevalence of overweight was obtained by CDC (15.8%), followed by WHO (13%); while national cut-off points resulted in 9.7%. Furthermore, 9.2% of the studied population was found to be obese by WHO; while this rate was 4.2%, and 5% by CDC and national cut-off points. Conclusion: This study indicated the coexisting prevalence of underweight and obesity and high prevalence of overweight among children and adolescents in Lorestan province. Furthermore, using the WHO and CDC criteria leads to overestimating the prevalence of weight disorder compared to the national cut-off points in Iran.

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