scholarly journals Sodium Iodide as a Contrast Agent for X-ray Micro-CT of a Wood Plastic Composite

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Dengcheng Feng ◽  
Michael Turner ◽  
Philip D. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Zinc Borate ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Wood Plastic Composite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Wood Particles ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
The Relationship

The properties of wood plastic composites (WPCs) depend on their microstructure, particularly the level and geometry of wood reinforcement in the composite. We hypothesize that impregnating a WPC with a radiocontrast agent will increase the contrast between wood and plastic, allowing better visualization of its microstructure and numerical analysis of the geometry of its wood reinforcement. A commercial WPC was scanned using X-ray micro-CT, impregnated with aqueous sodium iodide, and then rescanned. CT data from both scans were visualized, and we analyzed the geometry of wood reinforcement and levels of wood, plastic, zinc borate (ZB), and voids in the WPC. ZB occurred mainly as discrete particles between wood flakes, and interfacial voids formed a network of cracks within the WPC. Sodium iodide labeling made it possible to clearly visualize wood and plastic in the WPC and quantify levels of different phases and the geometry of wood particles. However, sodium iodide was not an ideal contrast agent because it swelled wood particles, closed interfacial voids, and partially dissolved ZB particles. We suggest methods of overcoming these limitations and conclude that advances in labeling are necessary to improve our understanding of the relationship between the microstructure of WPCs and their properties.

Relationship between internal bond properties and x-ray densitometry of wood plastic composite

2021 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 108477
Author(s):  
Yonny Martinez Lopez ◽  
Fabricio Gomes Gonçalves ◽  
Juarez Benigno Paes ◽  
Donatian Gustave ◽  
Pedro Gutemberg de Alcântara Segundinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Bond ◽  
Wood Plastic Composite ◽  
Bond Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plastic Composite

scholarly journals Peri-prosthetic Bone Remodeling of Hydroxyapatite-coated Compaction Short Stem was Not Affected by Stem Alignment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Hayashi ◽  
Yuichi Kuroda ◽  
Naoki Nakano ◽  
Tomoyuki Matsumoto ◽  
Tomoyuki Kamenaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Short Stem ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: We aimed to investigate the relationship between stem insertion alignment and postoperative bone mineral density (BMD) changes in patients with full hydroxyapatite-coated (HA) compaction short stem and short tapered-wedge stem. Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled 115 consecutive patients (115 joints) undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) using the full HA compaction short (n=59) and short tapered-wedge (n=56) stems. Stem alignment including anteversion, valgus, and anterior tilt were measured by 3D-template using computed tomography (CT) data. Post-operative peri-prosthetic BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The relationship between stem alignment and BMD changes in the stems were analyzed.Results: Both groups showed similar patterns of peri-prosthetic BMD changes. Stem insertion alignments of anteversion, valgus, and anterior tilt were different between the two types of stems. Stem alignment of valgus and anterior tilt did not affect peri-prosthetic BMD in either type of stem. An absolute anteversion difference between stem anteversion and original canal anteversion caused significant peri-prosthetic BMD loss in Gruen zones 1 and 7 in the tapered-wedge stem. However, stem alignment of absolute anteversion difference did not affect BMD changes in the HA compaction stem.Conclusion: Peri-prosthetic bone remodeling remained unaffected by stem alignment after THA with the new short full HA compaction stem.

The effect of clay organophilization on wood plastic composite (WPC) based on recycled high density polyethylene (HDPE) and coir fiber

2021 ◽  
pp. 147776062110194
Author(s):  
Mário B S Nunes ◽  
Ana Flávia F Farias ◽  
Eliton S Medeiros ◽  
Juliano E Oliveira ◽  
Ieda M G Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Interplanar Distance ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Wood Plastic Composite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Reinforcing Fillers ◽  
Dimethyl Ammonium ◽  
Organophilic Clay ◽  
Internal Mixer

One way to optimize composite mechanical properties is through hybridization with small amounts of reinforcing fillers. Thus, this study investigates the effect of incorporation of 3 wt% of clay (BT) and organoclay (OBT) on the properties of a recycled wood plastic composite (WPC) based on HDPE and 20 wt% of coir fiber compounded with 5 wt% of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA), as coupling agent, and 5 wt% of Struktol TPW 113, as lubricating agent. Raw materials were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Coir fiber was characterized by optical microscopy and TGA. Wood plastic formulations (with clay and organoclay) were prepared in an internal mixer coupled to a torque rheometer operating at 190°C, 60 rpm for 10 min. Then, the mixtures were compression molded. Formulations were characterized by SEM, TGA, DSC, tensile and water absorption tests. FTIR analysis showed the characteristic bands of organophilic clay. XRD showed an increment in the interplanar distance of the clay, after the incorporation of quaternary ammonium salt (distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, Praepagen® WB), confirming the organoclay formation. Organophilization decreases the clay hydrophilic character and reduces the water uptake of WPC-BT. Despite the fact that BT incorporation led to WPC nanocomposite with intercalated structure, this WPC-clay composition did not show a significant increase in tensile strength and elongation at break. The poor interfacial adhesion between the raw materials and the polymer matrix, the low aspect ratio provided by coir fibers and also, the partially intercalated structure of composites have contributed to this behavior.

Tobolocella levinae n. gen., n. sp., a cheilostome bryozoan from the late Maastrichtian of northern Kazakhstan: scanning electron microscope and micro-CT study

2019 ◽  
Vol 294 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna V. Koromyslova ◽  
Alexey V. Pakhnevich ◽  
Petr V. Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
The Right ◽  
Scanning Electron

A cheilostome bryozoan Tobolocella levinae gen. et sp. nov. is described from a late Maastrichtian outcrop located on the right bank of the Tobol River in northern Kazakhstan. Its morphology is investigated in detail using combined scanning electron microscopy and X-ray micro-CT data. These studies reveal that colonies of this new genus generally consist of regularly arranged but morphologically different zooids: autozooids, T-zooids, and vicarious avicularia. The T-zooids first established in T. levinae gen. et sp. nov. are zooids with a modified cystid and can be interpreted as autozooidal polymorphs, if its polypide was identical to that of regular autozooids, or heterozooids, if its polypide was modified. The T-zooids probably can increase the distance between autozooidal polypides to improve their feeding efficiency.

scholarly journals X-ray-based virtual slicing of TB-infected lungs

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Ortega-Gil ◽  
Juan José Vaquero ◽  
Mario Gonzalez-Arjona ◽  
Joaquín Rullas ◽  
Arrate Muñoz-Barrutia
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Right

AbstractHollow organs such as the lungs pose a considerable challenge for post-mortem imaging in preclinical research owing to their extremely low contrast and high structural complexity. The aim of our study was to enhance the contrast of tuberculosis lesions for their stratification by 3D x-ray–based virtual slicing. Organ samples were taken from five control and five tuberculosis-infected mice. Micro-Computed Tomography (CT) scans of the subjects were acquired in vivo (without contrast agent) and post-mortem (with contrast agent). The proposed contrast-enhancing technique consists of x-ray contrast agent uptake (silver nitrate and iodine) by immersion. To create the histology ground-truth, the CT scan of the paraffin block guided the sectioning towards specific planes of interest. The digitalized histological slides reveal the presence, extent, and appearance of the contrast agents in lung structures and organized aggregates of immune cells. These findings correlate with the contrast-enhanced micro-CT slice. The abnormal densities in the lungs due to tuberculosis disease are concentrated in the right tail of the lung intensity histograms. The increase in the width of the right tail (~376%) indicates a contrast enhancement of the details of the abnormal densities. Postmortem contrast agents enhance the x-ray attenuation in tuberculosis lesions to allow 3D visualization by polychromatic x-ray CT, providing an advantageous tool for virtual slicing of whole lungs. The proposed contrast-enhancing technique combined with computational methods and the diverse micro-CT modalities will open the doors to the stratification of lesion types associated with infectious diseases.

Development of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Wood-Plastic Composite Materials

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 4043-4048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Xiang Chen ◽  
Su Jun Guan ◽  
Shun Hua Zhang ◽  
Jing Jing Zheng ◽  
Juan Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Uneven Distribution ◽  
Wood Plastic Composite ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Maximum Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Comprehensive Property

The relationship between properties of BF-WPC and the content of BF were studied, when wood-plastics composite (WPC) was reinforced by 12 mm and 3 mm short basalt fiber (SBF). The results showed that there may have some uneven distributions of SBF in WPC, when the content of 12 mm BF exceeded 30%. Restricted to the uneven distribution and the quantity of “end weak’’, it formed the close comprehensive property of BF-WPC by the length of 12mm and 3mm BF. The comprehensive property of BF-WPC has a maximum range of 15%-30% of the content of 12 mm BF. Compared to pure WPC, the tensile and bending strength of BF-WPC have improved. However, the reinforce effect of BF-WPC is different and is dependent on the index of each property. The BF-WPC plate can be developed with different properties and be a cost-effective material by choosing different length and content of BF.

scholarly journals Erbium-Based Perfusion Contrast Agent for Small-Animal Microvessel Imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin J. Tse ◽  
P. Joy Dunmore-Buyze ◽  
Maria Drangova ◽  
David W. Holdsworth
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Spectral Band ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
X Ray Absorption

Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) facilitates the visualization and quantification of contrast-enhanced microvessels within intact tissue specimens, but conventional preclinical vascular contrast agents may be inadequate near dense tissue (such as bone). Typical lead-based contrast agents do not exhibit optimal X-ray absorption properties when used with X-ray tube potentials below 90 kilo-electron volts (keV). We have developed a high-atomic number lanthanide (erbium) contrast agent, with a K-edge at 57.5 keV. This approach optimizes X-ray absorption in the output spectral band of conventional microfocal spot X-ray tubes. Erbium oxide nanoparticles (nominal diameter < 50 nm) suspended in a two-part silicone elastomer produce a perfusable fluid with viscosity of 19.2 mPa-s. Ultrasonic cavitation was used to reduce aggregate sizes to <70 nm. Postmortem intact mice were perfused to investigate the efficacy of contrast agent. The observed vessel contrast was >4000 Hounsfield units, and perfusion of vessels < 10 μm in diameter was demonstrated in kidney glomeruli. The described new contrast agent facilitated the visualization and quantification of vessel density and microarchitecture, even adjacent to dense bone. Erbium’s K-edge makes this contrast agent ideally suited for both single- and dual-energy micro-CT, expanding potential preclinical research applications in models of musculoskeletal, oncological, cardiovascular, and neurovascular diseases.

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