Using the Hurst Exponent and Entropy Measures to Predict Effective Transmissibility in Empirical Series of Malaria Incidence

We analyze the empirical series of malaria incidence, using the concepts of autocorrelation, Hurst exponent and Shannon entropy with the aim of uncovering hidden variables in those series. From the simulations of an agent model for malaria spreading, we first derive models of the malaria incidence, the Hurst exponent and the entropy as functions of gametocytemia, measuring the infectious power of a mosquito to a human host. Second, upon estimating the values of three observables—incidence, Hurst exponent and entropy—from the data set of different malaria empirical series we predict a value of the gametocytemia for each observable. Finally, we show that the independent predictions show considerable consistency with only a few exceptions which are discussed in further detail.

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Wavelet-Based Entropy Measures to Characterize Two-Dimensional Fractional Brownian Fields

Entropy ◽

10.3390/e22020196 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 196 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Orietta Nicolis ◽

Jorge Mateu ◽

Javier E. Contreras-Reyes

Keyword(s):

Shannon Entropy ◽

Simulation Study ◽

Hurst Exponent ◽

Wavelet Spectrum ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Entropy Measures ◽

Rényi Entropies ◽

Self Similar ◽

Fractional Brownian Field ◽

Renyi Entropies

The aim of this work was to extend the results of Perez et al. (Physica A (2006), 365 (2), 282–288) to the two-dimensional (2D) fractional Brownian field. In particular, we defined Shannon entropy using the wavelet spectrum from which the Hurst exponent is estimated by the regression of the logarithm of the square coefficients over the levels of resolutions. Using the same methodology. we also defined two other entropies in 2D: Tsallis and the Rényi entropies. A simulation study was performed for showing the ability of the method to characterize 2D (in this case, α = 2 ) self-similar processes.

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How to foster employee satisfaction by means of coaching, motivation, emotional salary and social media skills in the agri-food value chain

New Medit ◽

10.30682/nm2101c ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Value Chain ◽

Employee Satisfaction ◽

Data Set ◽

Business Skills ◽

A Value ◽

The Social ◽

Use Of Social Media ◽

Food Value ◽

Insight Into

Most employee satisfaction studies do not consider the current digital transformation of the social world. The aim of this research is to provide insight into employee satisfaction in agribusiness by means of coaching, motivation, emotional salary and social media with a value chain methodology. The model is tested empirically by analysing a survey data set of 381 observations in Spanish agribusiness firms of the agri-food value chain. The results show flexible remunerations of emotional salary are determinants of employee satisfaction. Additionally, motivation is relevant in the production within commercialisation link and coaching in the production within transformation link. Whole-of-chain employees showed the greatest satisfaction with the use of social media in personnel management. Findings also confirmed that employees will stay when a job is satisfying. This study contributes to the literature by investigating the effect of current social and digital business skills on employee satisfaction in the agri-food value chain.

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Use of Enterobacteriaceae Analysis Results for Predicting Absence of Salmonella Serovars on Beef Carcasses

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-72.2.260 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 260-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

JOHN R. RUBY ◽

STEVEN C. INGHAM

Keyword(s):

Small Volume ◽

Large Data ◽

Data Sets ◽

Data Set ◽

A Value ◽

Large Data Set ◽

Intervention Treatment ◽

Beef Carcasses ◽

Predictive Approach ◽

Potential Use

Previous work using a large data set (no. 1, n = 5,355) of carcass sponge samples from three large-volume beef abattoirs highlighted the potential use of binary (present or absent) Enterobacteriaceae results for predicting the absence of Salmonella on carcasses. Specifically, the absence of Enterobacteriaceae was associated with the absence of Salmonella. We tested the accuracy of this predictive approach by using another large data set (no. 2, n = 2,163 carcasses sampled before or after interventions) from the same three data set no. 1 abattoirs over a later 7-month period. Similarly, the predictive approach was tested on smaller subsets from data set no. 2 (n = 1,087, and n = 405) and on a much smaller data set (no. 3, n = 100 postintervention carcasses) collected at a small-volume abattoir over 4 months. Of Enterobacteriaceae-negative data set no. 2 carcasses, >98% were Salmonella negative. Similarly accurate predictions were obtained in the two data subsets obtained from data set no. 2 and in data set no. 3. Of final postintervention carcass samples in data set nos. 2 and 3, 9 and 70%, respectively, were Enterobacteriaceae positive; mean Enterobacteriaceae values for the two data sets were −0.375, and 0.169 log CFU/100 cm2 (detection limit = −0.204, and Enterobacteriaceae negative assigned a value of −0.505 log CFU/100 cm2). Salmonella contamination rates for final postintervention beef carcasses in data set nos. 2 and 3 were 1.1 and 7.0%, respectively. Binary Enterobacteriaceae results may be useful in evaluating beef abattoir hygiene and intervention treatment efficacy.

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Is psychotherapy effective? A re-analysis of treatments for depression

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences ◽

10.1017/s2045796018000355 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (03) ◽

pp. 268-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

T. Munder ◽

C. Flückiger ◽

F. Leichsenring ◽

A. A. Abbass ◽

M. J. Hilsenroth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

Publication Bias ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Wait List ◽

Control Groups ◽

Data Set ◽

A Value ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Depression

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to reanalyse the data from Cuijpers et al.'s (2018) meta-analysis, to examine Eysenck's claim that psychotherapy is not effective. Cuijpers et al., after correcting for bias, concluded that the effect of psychotherapy for depression was small (standardised mean difference, SMD, between 0.20 and 0.30), providing evidence that psychotherapy is not as effective as generally accepted.MethodsThe data for this study were the effect sizes included in Cuijpers et al. (2018). We removed outliers from the data set of effects, corrected for publication bias and segregated psychotherapy from other interventions. In our study, we considered wait-list (WL) controls as the most appropriate estimate of the natural history of depression without intervention.ResultsThe SMD for all interventions and for psychotherapy compared to WL controls was approximately 0.70, a value consistent with past estimates of the effectiveness of psychotherapy. Psychotherapy was also more effective than care-as-usual (SMD = 0.31) and other control groups (SMD = 0.43).ConclusionsThe re-analysis reveals that psychotherapy for adult patients diagnosed with depression is effective.

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Tsallis Entropy for Assessing Spatial Uncertainty Associated with Mean Annual Runoff of Quaternary Catchments of the Middle Vaal Basin in South Africa

Entropy ◽

10.3390/e22091050 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

pp. 1050

Author(s):

Masengo Ilunga

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Shannon Entropy ◽

Annual Runoff ◽

Spatial Uncertainty ◽

Data Sets ◽

Data Set ◽

Information Index ◽

Surface Water Resources ◽

Convergence Point

This study assesses mainly the uncertainty of the mean annual runoff (MAR) for quaternary catchments (QCs) considered as metastable nonextensive systems (from Tsalllis entropy) in the Middle Vaal catchment. The study is applied to the surface water resources (WR) of the South Africa 1990 (WR90), 2005 (WR2005) and 2012 (WR2012) data sets. The q-information index (from the Tsalllis entropy) is used here as a deviation indicator for the spatial evolution of uncertainty for the different QCs, using the Shannon entropy as a baseline. It enables the determination of a (virtual) convergence point, zone of positive and negative uncertainty deviation, zone of null deviation and chaotic zone for each data set. Such a determination is not possible on the basis of the Shannon entropy alone as a measure for the MAR uncertainty of QCs, i.e., when they are viewed as extensive systems. Finally, the spatial distributions for the zones of the q-uncertainty deviation (gain or loss in information) of the MAR are derived and lead to iso q-uncertainty deviation maps.

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Baryon acoustic oscillations signature in the three-point angular correlation function from the SDSS-DR12 quasar survey

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ◽

10.1093/mnras/staa119 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 492 (3) ◽

pp. 4469-4476 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E de Carvalho ◽

A Bernui ◽

H S Xavier ◽

C P Novaes

Keyword(s):

Correlation Function ◽

Angular Correlation ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Acoustic Oscillation ◽

Sloan Digital Sky Survey ◽

Similar Data ◽

Acoustic Oscillations ◽

Data Set ◽

A Value ◽

Angular Correlation Function

ABSTRACT The clustering properties of the Universe at large scales are currently being probed at various redshifts through several cosmological tracers and with diverse statistical estimators. Here we use the three-point angular correlation function (3PACF) to probe the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) features in the quasars catalogue from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 12, with mean redshift $\overline{z} = 2.225$, detecting the BAO imprint with a statistical significance of $2.9 \sigma$, obtained using lognormal mocks. Following a quasi-model-independent approach for the 3PACF, we find the BAO transversal signature for triangles with sides θ1 = $1{^{\circ}_{.}}0$ and θ2 = $1{^{\circ}_{.}}5$ and the angle between them of α = 1.59 ± 0.17 rad, a value that corresponds to the angular BAO scale $\theta_{\rm BAO}=1{^{\circ}_{.}}82 \pm 0{^{\circ}_{.}}21$, in excellent agreement with the value found in a recent work ($\theta_{\rm BAO}=1{^{\circ}_{.}}77 \pm 0{^{\circ}_{.}}31$) applying the two-point angular correlation function (2PACF) to similar data. Moreover, we performed two types of test: one to confirm the robustness of the BAO signal in the 3PACF through random displacements in the data set, and the other to verify the suitability of our random samples, a null test that in fact does not show any signature that could bias our results.

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International Bureaucrats and the Formation of Intergovernmental Organizations: Institutional Design Discretion Sweetens the Pot

International Organization ◽

10.1017/s0020818313000349 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 177-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Tana Johnson ◽

Johannes Urpelainen

Keyword(s):

Institutional Design ◽

Original Data ◽

Principal Agent ◽

Intergovernmental Organizations ◽

Model Case ◽

Data Set ◽

Agent Model ◽

Principal Agent Model ◽

International Bureaucracy ◽

Design Preferences

AbstractBureaucrats working in international intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) regularly help states design new IGOs. Sometimes international bureaucrats possess limited discretion in institutional design; sometimes, they enjoy broad discretion. In fact, they gain discretion even when they openly oppose state preferences. This contravenes conventional thinking about delegation: discretion should decrease as preference divergence between states and international bureaucrats increases. We develop a principal-agent theory of how much discretion states grant to international bureaucrats in the design of new IGOs. This is novel: while principal-agent theories of international delegation are common, scholars have not analyzed principal-agent relationships in the creation of new IGOs. We argue that even an international bureaucracy that disagrees with states' design preferences may enjoy substantial design leeway, because of states' need for bureaucratic expertise. In developing this argument, we employ a formal principal-agent model, case studies, and an original data set.

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Empirical Evidence of Hurst Exponent Estimation Wavelet Based

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.1668 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 687-691 ◽

pp. 1668-1671

Author(s):

Bin Luo ◽

Tong Zhou Zhao ◽

De Hua Li ◽

Dun Bo Cai

Keyword(s):

Long Range ◽

Hurst Exponent ◽

Wavelet Spectrum ◽

Long Range Dependence ◽

Range Analysis ◽

Data Set ◽

Massive Data Set ◽

Rescaled Range ◽

Rescaled Range Analysis ◽

Original Time

In this paper, we study long-range dependence of hydrological records with high frequent and massive data set. For detecting breakpoints, we apply the Evolutionary Wavelet Spectrum (EWS) to provide a segmentation of the original time series. And rescaled range analysis (R/S) for estimating the Hurst exponent that describe the long-range dependence phenomenon are used. The results affirm that the hydrological records have long-range dependent (LRD) behaviors.

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Recurrence Plot based entropies and their ability to detect transitions

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-10861 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

K. Hauke Kraemer ◽

Norbert Marwan ◽

Karoline Wiesner ◽

Jürgen Kurths

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Shannon Entropy ◽

Recurrence Plot ◽

Climate Dynamics ◽

Value Distribution ◽

Tipping Points ◽

Recurrence Plots ◽

The Past ◽

Entropy Measures ◽

Regime Transitions

<p>Many dynamical processes in Earth Sciences are the product of many interacting components and have often limited predictability, not least because they can exhibit regime transitions (e.g. tipping points).To quantify complexity, entropy measures such as the Shannon entropy of the value distribution are widely used. Amongst other more sophisticated ideas, a number of entropy measures based on recurrence plots have been suggested. Because different structures, e.g. diagonal lines, of the recurrence plot are used for the estimation of probabilities, these entropy measures represent different aspects of the analyzed system and, thus, behave differently. In the past, this fact has led to difficulties in interpreting and understanding those measures. We review the definitions, the motivation and interpretation of these entropy measures, compare their differences and discuss some of the pitfalls when using them.</p><p>Finally, we illustrate their potential in an application on paleoclimate time series. Using the presented entropy measures, changes and transitions in the climate dynamics in the past can be identified and interpreted.</p>

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Genomic and Functional Analyses ofRhodococcus equiPhages ReqiPepy6, ReqiPoco6, ReqiPine5, and ReqiDocB7

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01952-10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 669-683 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

E. J. Summer ◽

M. Liu ◽

J. J. Gill ◽

M. Grant ◽

T. N. Chan-Cortes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Sequence ◽

Genome Organization ◽

Transmembrane Domain ◽

Sequence Comparisons ◽

Data Set ◽

A Value ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

High Fraction ◽

Functional Analyses ◽

Relationship Of

ABSTRACTThe isolation and results of genomic and functional analyses ofRhodococcus equiphages ReqiPepy6, ReqiDocB7, ReqiPine5, and ReqiPoco6 (hereafter referred to as Pepy6, DocB7, Pine5, and Poco6, respectively) are reported. Two phages, Pepy6 and Poco6, more than 75% identical, exhibited genome organization and protein sequence likeness toLactococcus lactisphage 1706 and clostridial prophage elements. An unusually high fraction, 27%, of Pepy6 and Poco6 proteins were predicted to possess at least one transmembrane domain, a value much higher than the average of 8.5% transmembrane domain-containing proteins determined from a data set of 36,324 phage protein entries. Genome organization and protein sequence comparisons place phage Pine5 as the first nonmycobacteriophage member of the large Rosebush cluster. DocB7, which had the broadest host range among the four isolates, was not closely related to any phage or prophage in the database, and only 23 of 105 predicted encoded proteins could be assigned a functional annotation. Because of the relationship ofRhodococcustoMycobacterium, it was anticipated that these phages should exhibit some of the features characteristic of mycobacteriophages. Traits that were identified as shared by theRhodococcusphages and mycobacteriophages include the prevalent long-tailed morphology and the presence of genes encoding LysB-like mycolate-hydrolyzing lysis proteins. Application of DocB7 lysates to soils amended with a host strain ofR. equireduced recoverable bacterial CFU, suggesting that phage may be useful in limitingR. equiload in the environment while foals are susceptible to infection.

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