scholarly journals What Advanced Treatments Can Be Used to Minimize the Production of Sewage Sludge in WWTPs?

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 2650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli ◽  
Alessandro Abbà ◽  
Marco Carnevale Miino ◽  
Vincenzo Torretta
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
European Directive ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Review Reports ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Waste Sewage Sludge

Similar to other types of waste, sewage sludge (SS) must be minimized, not only to respect the European Directive 2018/851 on waste, but also because the cost of sludge management is approximately 50% of the total running costs of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Usually, minimization technologies can involve sewage sludge production with three different strategies: (i) adopting a process in the water line that reduces the production of sludge; (ii) reducing the water content (dewatering processes) or (iii) reducing the fraction of volatile solids (stabilization). This review, based on more than 130 papers, aims to provide essential information on the process, such as the advantages, the drawbacks and the results of their application. Moreover, significant information on the technologies still under development is provided. Finally, this review reports a discussion on the impact of the application of the proposed processes in the sludge line on a WWTP with a capacity exceeding 100,000 population equivalent (PE).

Estimating the Impact of Blockchain Adoption in the Food Processing Industry and Supply Chain

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Longo ◽  
Letizia Nicoletti ◽  
Antonio Padovano
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Review Reports ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

AbstractFood supply chains are benefiting from blockchain technology, as it establishes a shared, secure record of information flows, thus reducing food safety risks, increasing consumers’ trust in products’ provenance and enhancing supply chain efficiency. However, despite some embryonic applications, systematic literature review reports very few investigation studies. This article proposes a potential design and update frequency of relevant data to be stored in the Ethereum blockchain for monitoring and traceability purposes and explores the cost connected to every transaction in the case of a fresh milk processing industry and supply chain, from dairy farms to the end consumers. Results show that (i) investments are limited for the supply chain actors; (ii) the benefits of a blockchain-enabled supply chain can be achieved with a minimal impact on the product’s consumer price, and (iii) the costs of operating the blockchain increases as we move down along the tiers of the supply chain.

scholarly journals Renewable energy from biogas generated by sewage sludge – relationship between sludge volume and power generated

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Suzana Ramli ◽  
Aminuddin Mohd Baki ◽  
Muhamad Azmi Ayub ◽  
Suhaimi Abdul Talib ◽  
Ramlah Mohd Tajuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Cost

Biogas is a product of decomposition of organic matter during the process of anaerobic digestion (AD). The main components are methane and carbon dioxide. The methane content in the biogas enables it to be used as fuel which can be converted to heat and electricity. The biogas generated by the anaerobic digesters has the potential to be redirected from the flaring facilities to renewable energy (RE) facilities. The biogas may then be used to generate electricity, which in turn can operate the sewage treatment plant (STP) itself. However, feedbacks from the sewerage industry indicated that heavy investments are needed for any RE initiatives on biogas generated by sewage sludge. In order to find the cost effective way of generating energy from biogas, fundamental relationships are necessary to enable development of prototype in the future. Thus, this paper presents a study to establish the relationship between the volume of sludge and the amount of power and energy that can be generated.

scholarly journals Anaerobic treatment of sewage sludge and grease trap sludge in continuous co-digestion

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Grease Trap Waste

In recent years many researchers show a high interest in co-digestion, simultaneous anaerobic decomposition of a homogenous mixture of at least two biodegradable waste. Anaerobic codigestion is reported to offer several benefits over digestion of separate materials, such as increased cost-efficiency, increased biodegradation of the treated materials, as well as increased biogas production. Most often sewage sludge is digested alone while co-digestion with other substrates could be beneficial. In this study, the feasibility of co-digestion sewage sludge and grease trap waste (GTW) from meatprocessing plant was investigated in lab-scale reactor experiment. The research was made on the sewage sludge coming from municipal wastewater treatment plant and grease trap waste coming from meat industry company. Anaerobic co-digestion was studied in semi-continuous experiment at 37oC. Feeding of reactors was performed once a day with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10 days. The grease trap waste accounted for 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 % of the mixture on the volatile solids basis. The mixtures were analyzed for the following parameters: total solids, volatile solids, pH, volatile fatty acids and long chain fatty acids (LCFAs). The control of digestion process was made every day on the basis of the measurement of the biogas production. What is more, there was determined the volatile solid removal as well the biogas yield in order to assess the efficiency of co-digestion process. It was found that co-digestion of sewage sludge and grease trap waste improved both biogas production and methane content. Grease trap waste addition of 10% of feed VS increased the biogas production by 16 % as well as methane concentration (72 % of biogas) compared to the period when reactor was feed only with sewage sludge. Moreover, the addition of GTW to the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge increased organic matter removal. Although, the significant variations in LCFAs reduction, the biogas production and methane yield increased with higher addition of GTW. The results of the present laboratory study revealed that the use of GTW as a co-substrate is considered to be interesting option for sewage sludge digestion due to increased methane production. However, the feed should be planned carefully with stepwise increase to the desired feed ratio in order to acclimatize the bacteria and to prevent reactor overloading.

scholarly journals Industrialization as a source of heavy metals and antibiotics which can enhance the antibiotic resistance in wastewater, sewage sludge and river water

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252691
Author(s):  
Jakub Hubeny ◽  
Monika Harnisz ◽  
Ewa Korzeniewska ◽  
Martyna Buta ◽  
Wiktor Zieliński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
River Water ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
The Impact

The spread of antibiotic resistance is closely related with selective pressure in the environment. Wastewater from industrialized regions is characterized by higher concentrations of these pollutants than sewage from less industrialized areas. The aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of contaminants such as antibiotics and heavy metals (HMs), and to evaluate their impact on the spread of genes encoding resistance to antimicrobial drugs in samples of wastewater, sewage sludge and river water in two regions with different levels of industrialization. The factors exerting selective pressure, which significantly contributed to the occurrence of the examined antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), were identified. The concentrations of selected gene copy numbers conferring resistance to four groups of antibiotics as well as class 1 and 2 integron-integrase genes were determined in the analyzed samples. The concentrations of six HMs and antibiotics corresponding to genes mediated resistance from 3 classes were determined. Based on network analysis, only some of the analyzed antibiotics correlated with ARGs, while HM levels were correlated with ARG concentrations, which can confirm the important role of HMs in promoting drug resistance. The samples from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) located an industrialized region were characterized by higher HM contamination and a higher number of significant correlations between the analyzed variables than the samples collected from a WWTP located in a less industrialized region. These results indicated that treated wastewater released into the natural environment can pose a continuous threat to human health by transferring ARGs, antibiotics and HMs to the environment. These findings shed light on the impact of industrialization on antibiotic resistance dissemination.

Anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and primary clarifier skimmings for increased biogas production

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alanya ◽  
Y. D. Yilmazel ◽  
C. Park ◽  
J. L. Willis ◽  
J. Keaney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Water Pollution Control ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

The objective of the study was to identify the impact of co-digesting clarifier skimmings on the overall methane generation from the treatment plant and additional energy value of the increased methane production. Biogas production from co-digesting clarifier skimmings and sewage sludge in pilot-scale fed-batch mesophilic anaerobic digesters has been evaluated. The digester was fed with increasing quantities of clarifier skimmings loads: 1.5, 2.6, 3.5 and 7.0 g COD equivalent/(L·d) (COD: chemical oxygen demand). Average volatile solids reduction of 65% was achieved in the scum-fed digester, compared with 51% in the control digester. Average 69% COD removal was achieved at highest scum loading (7 g COD eq/(L·d)) with approximate methane yield of 250 L CH4/kg COD fed (4 ft3/lb COD fed). The results show that scum as co-substrate in anaerobic digestion systems improves biogas yields while a 29% increase in specific CH4 yield could be achieved when scum load is 7 g COD eq/(L·d). Based on the pilot-scale study results and full-scale data from South East Water Pollution Control Plant and Northeast Water Pollution Control Plant the expected annual energy recovery would be approximately 1.7 billion BTUs or nearly 0.5 million kWh.

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

TRANSFER FİYATLAMA UYGULAMASININ İŞLETME PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ VE VERGİSEL AÇIDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Serdar KUZU
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The size of international trade continues to extend rapidly from day to day as a result of the globalization process. This situation causes an increase in the economic activities of businesses in the trading area. One of the main objectives of the cost system applied in businesses is to be able to monitor the competitors and the changes that can be occured as a result of the developments in the sector. Thus, making cost accounting that is proper according to IAS / IFRS and tax legislation has become one of the strategic targets of the companies in most countries. In this respect, businesses should form their cost and pricing systems according to new regulations. Transfer pricing practice is usefull in setting the most proper price for goods that are subject to the transaction, in evaluating the performance of the responsibility centers of business, and in determining if the inter-departmental pricing system is consistent with targets of the business. The taxing powers of different countries and also the taxing powers of different institutions in a country did not overlap. Because of this reason, bringing new regulations to the tax system has become essential. The transfer pricing practice that has been incorporated into the Turkish Tax System is one of the these regulations. The transfer pricing practice which includes national and international transactions has been included in the Corporate Tax Law and Income Tax Law. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of goods and services transfer that will occur between departments of businesses on the responsibility center and business performance, and also the impact of transfer pricing practice on the business performance on the basis of tax-related matters. As a result of the study, it can be said that transfer pricing practice has an impact on business performance in terms of both price and tax-related matters.

Particularities of the independent auditor's report on reliability of accounting (financial) statements for 2019: COVID-19 as qualitatively essential information (Part 2)

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 777-799
Author(s):  
O.I. Shvyreva ◽  
Z.I. Kruglyak ◽  
A.V. Petukh
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Risk Disclosure ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Logical Method ◽  
Annual Reporting ◽  
The Face ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Impact

Subject. This article discusses the issues related to the practice of financial reporting in the face of uncertainties caused by the coronavirus contagion, as well as the specifics of the audit strategy and formation of an audit opinion on this reporting. Objectives. The article aims to identify the quality characteristics of financial reporting prepared in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and justify the key aspects of assurance engagement completion in an extremely uncertain epidemiological and economic situation. Methods. For the study, we used an abstract-logical method, content analysis techniques, systematization, and classification. Results. Analyzing the impact of the extremely uncertain epidemiological and economic situation on financial statements, the article clarifies aspects of disclosure of events after the reporting date and threats to business continuity in the annual reporting of economic entities. The article identifies possible alternative procedures and algorithms to obtain proper evidence when it is insufficient in the face of the inability to meet certain audit standards requirements in a remote audit environment. The article defines the impact of COVID-19 risk disclosure on the structure of the audit report and opinion. Relevance. The results of the study can be used in the practical activities of economic entities that prepare financial statements in the face of significant uncertainty, as well as auditors and audit organizations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document