scholarly journals Proposed Design of Walk-Through Gate (WTG): Mitigating the Effect of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Saddam Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Jehanzeb Masud Cheema ◽  
Saad Motahhir ◽  
Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal ◽  
Arfan Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Transmission Chain ◽  
Economic Survival ◽  
The World ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Fast Transmission

The world is facing a new challenge to overcome the pandemic disease of Coronavirus (COVID-19). An outbreak of COVID-19 to more than 213 countries and territories caused damage to the economy of every country. The proper vaccine to combat this pandemic disease is not invented yet. Due to the lockdown situation, there is a shortage of daily used products globally. To overcome the issue of food shortage and economic survival, the world has to ease the lockdown rules and become operational with the precautionary measures. COVID-19 has a fast transmission rate, therefore, while living with COVID-19, breaking the fast transmission chain of COVID-19 is the only vital solution. Furthermore, there is a dire need to disinfect every individual and his luggage at the entrance of every shopping mall, hospital, public and private institutions, bus stops, metro stations, and railway stations. Hence, the proposed walk-through gate (WTG) with different sensors, i.e., infrared thermal camera, UV disinfectant sensor, disinfectant spraying system, touch-less hand sanitizer, and box having a face mask with a dustbin to discard the previous mask can provide an effective and efficient relief. The world cannot stop working and cannot survive for more than 3–6 months in a lockdown, hence the proposed idea is to install the disinfectant automated spraying WTG with a security walk-through gate at every possible entrance to conform living with the COVID-19 disease such as many other diseases. Breaking the transmission chain is the only solution to win the battle against COVID-19 until an effective vaccine invention.

scholarly journals Subunit Vaccine Against Sars-Cov-2 Using CTL and HTL Epitopes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila zahra ◽  
Yaser Daanial Khan
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
World Health ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Th Cells ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Health Organization

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 which is widely known as Sars-Cov-2 is a deadly virus that is the main cause of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). This plague affects the human immune system badly and adversely affects the human body. This disease emerged from Wuhan, China, and spread all over the world in a very short period. The World Health Organization (WHO) has warned the world about its dire consequences and directed all the countries to take strict precautionary measures and still, there are lots of things that need to be done. This study focuses on the in silico methods which use immunoinformatic approaches to build epitope-based subunit vaccine for SARS-COV-2 that is used to produce several positive immune responses within the host cell. Various B-cells, Tc cells, and Th cells containing different epitopes are considered for the inhibition of spike of SARS-COV-2. By following different approaches, eventually, the structure of the proposed vaccine consists of Tc, Th cells, and B-cells joined by different linkers was designed. Currently having B-cell as well as IFN-y made epitopes confirm the humoral and cell-mediated immune response developed by the proposed vaccine. An online server, PSIPRED is used to develop the model of vaccine. 15 antigenic epitopes were chosen from Spike protein to develop an effective vaccine. This vaccine was antiviral, non?allergic, and less toxic. The sequence of vaccine structure was then validated by different computational methods like Molecular Docking, RMSD, RMSF, and Molecular Dynamic Simulation. Java Codon adaption tool also known as JCat is used for maximal optimization of vaccine expression with vector.<br>

Development of Automated Disinfection Chamber for Curtailing Spread of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A Raji
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Infrared Sensor ◽  
The World ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Disinfection Chamber

Corona virus disease (COVID-19) has claimed more lives in recent times than any other known disease. It is a pandemic that the World is battling. Observation of precautionary measures remains one of the strongest means of curtailing the spread of the disease. These measures include social distancing, use of face mask and personal protective equipment, as well as proper sanitization with recommended disinfectant or sanitiser. This work, therefore, delves into the development of a disinfection chamber for spraying sanitiser liquid to the human body and large surfaces as well as parts infected with the virus via pump-nozzle. The chamber is 7ft tall and is made of wood and aluminium. The electronic part of the disinfection chamber comprises an infrared sensor for detecting the presence of humans in the chamber, PIC16F72 microcontroller which sends a signal to DC pump via the output relay for releasing the sanitiser for five seconds, and power supply unit which provides the required D.C supply to power the circuit. The performance test shows the disinfection chamber is functional and releases the sanitizing liquid for five seconds after which it cuts off to await the entrance of another person. The device is recommended for use in hospitals, campuses, offices, and so on.

scholarly journals Subunit Vaccine Against Sars-Cov-2 Using CTL and HTL Epitopes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila zahra ◽  
Yaser Daanial Khan
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
World Health ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Th Cells ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Health Organization

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 which is widely known as Sars-Cov-2 is a deadly virus that is the main cause of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). This plague affects the human immune system badly and adversely affects the human body. This disease emerged from Wuhan, China, and spread all over the world in a very short period. The World Health Organization (WHO) has warned the world about its dire consequences and directed all the countries to take strict precautionary measures and still, there are lots of things that need to be done. This study focuses on the in silico methods which use immunoinformatic approaches to build epitope-based subunit vaccine for SARS-COV-2 that is used to produce several positive immune responses within the host cell. Various B-cells, Tc cells, and Th cells containing different epitopes are considered for the inhibition of spike of SARS-COV-2. By following different approaches, eventually, the structure of the proposed vaccine consists of Tc, Th cells, and B-cells joined by different linkers was designed. Currently having B-cell as well as IFN-y made epitopes confirm the humoral and cell-mediated immune response developed by the proposed vaccine. An online server, PSIPRED is used to develop the model of vaccine. 15 antigenic epitopes were chosen from Spike protein to develop an effective vaccine. This vaccine was antiviral, non?allergic, and less toxic. The sequence of vaccine structure was then validated by different computational methods like Molecular Docking, RMSD, RMSF, and Molecular Dynamic Simulation. Java Codon adaption tool also known as JCat is used for maximal optimization of vaccine expression with vector.<br>

Awareness and perception of precautionary measures against Covid 19 exposure among dental practitioners- A questionnaire based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 550-557
Author(s):  
Harini P ◽  
Abilasha R
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Hands On ◽  
The World ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

The most unexpected pandemic global outbreak is COVID 19 which is a newly discovered viral infection which originated in Wuhan, China and it caused the outbreak of pneumonia in the rest of the world. Dental practitioners are more susceptible to COVID 19 infection as their work is related to the aerosol formation during various procedures through which the virus spreads. The aim of the study is to create awareness about precautionary measures against COVID- 19 exposure among dental practitioners in Tamilnadu. A Survey based questionnaire was formulated with questions related to the various precautionary measures to be adopted by dental practitioners which would be effective to prevent Covid-19 exposure. A questionnaire with a total of 20 questions was circulated among dental practitioners and the responses were collected by google forms SPSS software statistical analysis was done. The overall awareness of dental practitioners against Covid-19 was above average. The dental practitioners were relatively well aware of the precautions to be adopted while treating the patients, but the implementation in practice is lacking due absence of hands-on experience in using various kinds of PPE. There is a gap between knowledge and attitude and practice among the participants of this survey. It is therefore essential to plan for organising training sessions and hands-on workshops for the use of PPE and public training of the general population regarding Covid-19 to improve the knowledge among the patients visiting the dental clinic as well.

COVID-19: The Unprecedented Malady-A Holistic Review

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viney Chawla ◽  
Pooja A Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
Holistic Review ◽  
The World ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
Corona Viruses

Background: Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly at an unprecedented scale across continents and has emerged as the single biggest risk the world has faced in modern times. Some scientists are comparing it to Spanish flu that created havoc around a century ago. The fear of death by COVID-19 looms large at the world today. The disease has reached devastating proportions since its first reports in December 2019. Doctors are having a difficult time dealing with this challenge and the microbiologists are having sleepless nights to bring about an effective vaccine for this disease. Methods: A number of research and review articles have been exhaustively reviewed. The collected data was meticulously analysed and documented. Conclusion: This paper reviews the different types of corona viruses, the structure of SARS-CoV-2 responsible for COVID19, its transmission, virulence. Further, the article discusses the diagnosis, signs and symptoms like fever, breathlessness, cough, potential loss of taste or smell, sneezing, runny nose, fatigue, headache, sore throat and different treatment approaches including drug repurposing being tried by doctors around the globe that may come handy in the management of disease symptoms. The article describes the use of remdesivir, ribavarin, lopinavir, favipiravir, hydoxychloroquine, chloroquine, tocilizumab among others in treating COVID-19.

Critical Insight into the Attributes of Emerging Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in India and Across the World

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Gaurav M. Doshi ◽  
Hemen S. Ved ◽  
Ami P. Thakkar
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
World Health ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Insight ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Old Drugs

The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently announced the spread of novel coronavirus (nCoV) globally and has declared it a pandemic. The probable source of transmission of the virus, which is from animal to human and human to human contact, has been established. As per the statistics reported by the WHO on 11th April 2020, data has shown that more than sixteen lakh confirmed cases have been identified globally. The reported cases related to nCoV in India have been rising substantially. The review article discusses the characteristics of nCoV in detail with the probability of potentially effective old drugs that may inhibit the virus. The research may further emphasize and draw the attention of the world towards the development of an effective vaccine as well as alternative therapies. Moreover, the article will help to bridge the gap between the new researchers since it’s the current thrust area of research.

Urban Transport

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
José van
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Ride Sharing ◽  
The World ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Selection Mechanisms

Platformization affects the entire urban transport sector, effectively blurring the division between private and public transport modalities; existing public–private arrangements have started to shift as a result. This chapter analyzes and discusses the emergence of a platform ecology for urban transport, focusing on two central public values: the quality of urban transport and the organization of labor and workers’ rights. Using the prism of platform mechanisms, it analyzes how the sector of urban transport is changing societal organization in various urban areas across the world. Datafication has allowed numerous new actors to offer their bike-, car-, or ride-sharing services online; selection mechanisms help match old and new complementors with passengers. Similarly, new connective platforms are emerging, most prominently transport network companies such as Uber and Lyft that offer public and private transport options, as well as new platforms offering integrated transport services, often referred to as “mobility as a service.”

Jewish Women’s Life and Practice in the World of the New Testament

2019 ◽  
pp. 219-237
Author(s):  
Tal Ilan
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Rabbinic Literature ◽  
Jewish Women ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Space ◽  
Gender Research ◽  
Politics And Religion ◽  
The World ◽  
The New Testament

The women of the New Testament were Jewish women, and for historians of the period their mention and status in the New Testament constitutes the missing link between the way women are portrayed in the Hebrew Bible and their changed status in rabbinic literature (Mishnah and Talmud). In this chapter, I examine how they fit into the Jewish concepts of womanhood. I examine various recognized categories that are relevant for gender research such as patriarchy, public and private space, law, politics, and religion. In each case I show how these affected Jewish women, and how the picture that emerges from the New Testament fits these categories.

scholarly journals An outline of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and the complement cascade of immune system

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmalochan Hembram
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Main Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Transmission Chain ◽  
The World ◽  
Therapeutic Molecules ◽  
Rapid Transmission ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 19 is a viral infection caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. It was first notified in Wuhan, China, is now spread into numerous part of the world. Thus, the world needs urgent support and encouragement to develop a vaccine or antiviral treatments to combat the atrocious outbreak. Main body of the abstract The origin of this virus is yet unknown; however, rapid transmission from human-to-human “Anthroponosis” has widely confirmed. The world is witnessing a continuous hike in SARS-CoV-2 infection. In light of the outbreak of coronavirus disease 19, we have aimed to highlight the basic and vital information about the novel coronavirus. We provide an overview of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, timeline and its pathophysiological properties which would be an aid for the development of therapeutic molecules and antiviral drugs. Immune system plays a crucial role in virus infection in order to control but may have dark side when becomes uncontrollable. The host and SARS-CoV-2 interaction describe how the virus exploits host machinery and how overactive host immune response can cause disease severity also addressed in this review. Short conclusion Safe and effective vaccines may be the game-changing tools, but in the near future wearing mask, washing hands at regular intervals, avoiding crowed, maintaining physical distancing and hygienic surrounding, must be good practices to reduce and break the transmission chain. Still, research is ongoing not only on how vaccines protect against disease, but also against infection and transmission.

The Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement of the World Trade Organization: Debunking Its Reliance on Scientific Evidence and Reluctance to Endorse Potential Biotechnology Risks

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Muhammad ISLAM
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Scientific Uncertainty ◽  
The World ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
Biotech Products

The World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) relies on scientific evidence as a conclusive risk assessment criterion, which ignores the inherent limitations of science. This article highlights certain trade-restrictive effects of scientific evidence and comments on the Agreement’s aversions to precautionary measures and the consumer concern of the harmful effects of biotech products that may be necessary to protect public health and biosecurity in many WTO Member States. These measures and concerns have become pressing issues due to surging consumer awareness and vigilance concerning environmental protection and food safety. The Agreement is yet to overcome the weaknesses of its endorsed international standardising bodies, the problematic definition of scientific evidence and treatment of justification for scientific risk assessment methods and the implementation difficulties faced by most developing states. This article analyses these issues under the provisions of the Agreement and the interpretations of the WTO Dispute Settlement Body in disputes involving SPS matters, which fall short of addressing scientific uncertainty surrounding biotech products and their associated risks.

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