scholarly journals A Time-Based Assessment of Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Levels at a Highly Trafficked Intersection: Case Study of Sango-Ota, Nigeria

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 532
Author(s):  
David Olukanni ◽  
David Enetomhe ◽  
Gideon Bamigboye ◽  
Daniel Bassey
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Road Corridors

Vehicle emissions have become one of the most prevailing air contamination sources, including nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide and particulate matter (PM). Among other air pollutants, PM limits visible sight distance and poses health risks upon inhalation into the human body. This study focused on assessing PM2.5 concentrations in air at different periods of the day at the highly trafficked grade-separated intersection of Sango-Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. PM2.5 readings were taken at three at-grade points around the intersection’s roundabout between 10:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. for four (4) days using the BR-SMART-126 Portable 4-in-1 air quality monitor. The highest level of PM2.5 obtained on Day 1 (Monday) and Day 4 (Thursday) was about 45.1% and 38.6%, respectively, lower than that of Day 3 (Wednesday). The highest concentrations of PM2.5 were recorded between 11:00 and 13:00 and between 16:00 and 18:00 (up to 217 µg/m3) whereas the lowest levels were recorded between 14:00 and 15:00 (as low as 86 µg/m3). The concentration of PM2.5 at the Sango-Ota intersection is adjudged “very poor” with average hourly concentrations between 97 and 370 µg/m3. Outcomes obtained indicate the need for improved measures to control air quality along major road corridors and at intersections in Ogun State and Nigeria at large.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Environmental Air Quality and Its Relationship with Seasonal Climatic Conditions in Eastern China during 2015–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4524
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Wang ◽  
Xiaoyi Shi ◽  
Chunhua Pan ◽  
Sisi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Uniform Structure ◽  
Concentration Limit ◽  
Environmental Air

Exploring the relationship between environmental air quality (EAQ) and climatic conditions on a large scale can help better understand the main distribution characteristics and the mechanisms of EAQ in China, which is significant for the implementation of policies of joint prevention and control of regional air pollution. In this study, we used the concentrations of six conventional air pollutants, i.e., carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), coarse particulate matter (PM10), and ozone (O3), derived from about 1300 monitoring sites in eastern China (EC) from January 2015 to December 2018. Exploiting the grading concentration limit (GB3095-2012) of various pollutants in China, we also calculated the monthly average air quality index (AQI) in EC. The results show that, generally, the EAQ has improved in all seasons in EC from 2015 to 2018. In particular, the concentrations of conventional air pollutants, such as CO, SO2, and NO2, have been decreasing year by year. However, the concentrations of particulate matter, such as PM2.5 and PM10, have changed little, and the O3 concentration increased from 2015 to 2018. Empirical mode decomposition (EOF) was used to analyze the major patterns of AQI in EC. The first mode (EOF1) was characterized by a uniform structure in AQI over EC. These phenomena are due to the precipitation variability associated with the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), referred to as the “summer–winter” pattern. The second EOF mode (EOF2) showed that the AQI over EC is a north–south dipole pattern, which is bound by the Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River (about 35° N). The EOF2 is mainly caused by seasonal variations of the mixed concentration of PM2.5 and O3. Associated with EOF2, the Mongolia–Siberian High influences the AQI variation over northern EC by dominating the low-level winds (10 m and 850 hPa) in autumn and winter, and precipitation affects the AQI variation over southern EC in spring and summer.

Vertical profiling of atmospheric air pollutants in rural India: A case study on particulate matter (PM10/PM2.5/PM1), carbon dioxide, and formaldehyde

Measurement ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 110061
Author(s):  
Sneha Gautam ◽  
Cyril Sammuel ◽  
Aniket Bhardwaj ◽  
Zahra Shams Esfandabadi ◽  
M. Santosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Vertical Profiling

scholarly journals Interrelationship of Indoor particulate matter and Respiratory dust deposition of women in the residence of Dhanbad City, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHRAVAN KUMAR ◽  
Manish Kumar Jain
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Dust Deposition ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Indoor Particulate Matter ◽  
Indoor Air Pollutants ◽  
Indoor Conditions

Abstract Women spend relatively more time in indoor conditions in developing countries. Exposure to various indoor air pollutants leads them to higher health risks according to Household air quality in which they reside. Particulate matter (PM) exposure with their exposure duration inside the household plays a significant role in women's Respiratory problems. We measured size segregated particulate matter concentrations in 63 residences at different locations. Respiratory dust depositions (RDDs) for 118 women in their different respiratory regions like head-airway (HD), tracheobronchial (TB), and alveolar (AL) region for the three PM size fractions (PM10, PM2.5 & PM1) were investigated. For different positions like Light exercise and the Sitting condition, RDD values found for AL region was 0.091 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.067, 0.012–0.408) and 0.028 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.021, 0.003–0.126) for PM10, 0.325 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.254, 0.053–1.521) and 0.183 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.143, 0.031–0.857) for PM2.5, 0.257 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.197, 0.043–1.04) and 0.057 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.044, 0.009–0.233) respectively for PM1 to females. RDDs values in the AL region significantly increases as PM10 (11%), PM2.5 (68%), and PM1 (21%), confirm that for women, the AL region is the most prominent affected zone by fine particles (PM2.5).

scholarly journals Residents’ Perceptions of and Response Behaviors to Particulate Matter—A Case Study in Seoul, Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 3660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung Eun Cho ◽  
Mi Jeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Psychological Attributes ◽  
Mitigation Action ◽  
Response Behaviors

This study is interested in understanding the particulate matter perceptions and response behaviors of residents. The purpose of this study was to identify indoor air quality along with the response behaviors of residents in Seoul, to ascertain whether there is a difference in behaviors when particulate matter is present, according to the characteristics of residents and to grasp the nature of this difference. A questionnaire survey of 171 respondents was conducted. The questionnaire measured the indoor air quality perceived by residents, the health symptoms caused by particulate matter, residents’ response behaviors to particulate matter and the psychological attributes affecting those response behaviors. Residents of Seoul were divided into college students in their twenties, male workers in their thirties and forties and female housewives in their thirties and forties. The data were calibrated by SPSS 23 using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression analyses. The results show that most people found particulate matter to be an important problem but were unable to do sufficient mitigation action to prevent its presence. Residents showed greater psychological stress resulting in difficulty going out than physical symptoms. The most influential factor on response behaviors was psychological attributes. Participants were aware of the risks of particulate matter but believed it to be generated by external factors; thus, they felt powerless to do anything about it, which proved to be an obstacle to response behaviors.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Air Quality in a Subway Station with Fully Enclosed Platform Screen Doors

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5213
Author(s):  
Liping Pang ◽  
Chenyuan Yang ◽  
Xiaodong Cao ◽  
Qing Tian ◽  
Bo Li
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Subway Station ◽  
Passenger Flow ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Maximum Allowable Concentrations ◽  
Indoor Air Pollutants ◽  
Beijing China ◽  
Concentration Limits

In this study, the indoor air quality (IAQ) was investigated in a subway station with fully enclosed platform screen doors in Beijing, China. Eight indoor air pollutants, including PM2.5, PM10, SO2 (sulfur dioxide), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), NH3 (ammonia), CO (carbon monoxide), CH2O (formaldehyde) and TVOC (total volatile organic compound), were measured for six consecutive days in October 2019. The results indicated that the IAQ in the subway station was basically stable at good levels for most times during the whole measurement period. All eight indoor air pollutants were far below their corresponding maximum allowable concentrations, except for the PM2.5 concentrations, which occasionally exceeded the concentration limits. The concentrations of indoor air pollutants in the subway station were basically within the corresponding standards. The correlation analyses showed that outdoor air pollutants have important influences on indoor air pollutants. The concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and CO in the subway station were positively correlated with their corresponding outdoor concentrations. PM10 was statistically significantly correlated with the passenger flow and train frequency, but the other air pollutants were less impacted by the passenger flow and train frequency.

Air Quality in Riga and Its Improvement Options

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (-1) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Janis Kleperis ◽  
Gunars Bajars ◽  
Ingrida Bremere ◽  
Martins Menniks ◽  
Arturs Viksna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Particle Pollution ◽  
The City

Air Quality in Riga and Its Improvement Options Air quality in the city of Riga is evaluated from direct monitoring results and from accounting registered air pollutants in the city. It is concluded that from all air polluting substances listed in the European Commission directives, only nitrogen dioxide NO2 and particulate matter PM10 exceed the limits. In assessing the projected measures to improve air quality in Riga, it can be concluded that the implementation of cleaner fuels and improvements in energy efficiency of household and industrial sectors will decrease particle pollution, but measures in the transport sector will also contribute to reducing air pollution from nitrogen oxides.

Passive sampling application to control air quality in interior of new vehicles

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Faber ◽  
Krzysztof Brodzik ◽  
Anna Gołda-Kopek ◽  
Damian Łomankiewicz ◽  
Jan Nowak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Active Sampling ◽  
Quality Research ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Important Field

AbstractThe investigation of air pollution is a highly important field of research. Air quality in a vehicle’s interior has attracted growing attention since people spend much of their time in vehicles and those frequently travelling in new cars are exposed to harmful compounds. The main air pollutants inside new vehicles are volatile organic compounds (VOCs), present as a result of interior materials’ de-gassing. Among the sampling methods used in indoor air quality research, active sampling for VOCs collection is one method that has been extensively described and applied. The present study sought to implement passive sampling with Radiello

scholarly journals On implementation of «Clean air» federal project in Omsk

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
A.S. Kriga ◽  
◽  
S.V. Nikitin Nikitin ◽  
E.L. Ovchinnikova ◽  
O.V. Plotnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Project Implementation ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Complex Program ◽  
Clean Air

The first two years of «Clean air» Federal project in Omsk have been completed and preliminary results have been estimated. The present work deals with issues related to implementation of the Complex program aimed at reducing emissions, highlights the sanitary-epidemiologic situation related to air contamination in settlements, and describes activities aimed at optimizing a laboratory network used for monitoring over ambient air quality. It is essential to obtain maximum objective data on population health risks caused by ambient air contamination at the initial stage of the Federal project implementation. Our research goal was to estimate intermediate results in the Federal project implementation taking into account preliminary analysis of sanitary epidemiologic welfare in Omsk related to ambient air contamination. Our research object was ambient air quality in Omsk, potential health risks and population health parameters associated with ambient air contamination over 2009–2019. The examination was performed in accordance with a procedure for health risk assessment under exposure to chemicals (R 2.1.10.1920-04), as well as procedures, approaches, and algorithms stipulated in the normative and methodological documents MR 2.1.6.0158-19, MR 2.1.6.0156-19, with use of geoinformation technologies and statistical procedures. The research allowed substantiating a program for monitoring over ambient air quality taking into account all the existing monitoring systems basing on spatial distribution of total hazard quotient (S) in Omsk residential area and preliminary data obtained via aggregated calculations of ground contaminants concentrations. We suggested a list of control parameters and a procedure for their estimation in order to provide objective and timely monitoring over implementation of the Complex program aimed at reducing emissions into ambient air in Omsk. Implementation of the Complex program was estimated as per results of certain activities accomplished within it in 2019.

scholarly journals BAERLIN2014 – The influence of land surface types on and the horizontal heterogeneity of air pollutant levels in Berlin

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bonn ◽  
E. von Schneidemesser ◽  
D. Andrich ◽  
J. Quedenau ◽  
H. Gerwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Urban Vegetation ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Horizontal Heterogeneity

Abstract. Urban air quality and human health are among the key aspects of future urban planning. In order to address pollutants such as ozone and particulate matter, efforts need to be made to quantify and reduce their concentrations. One important aspect in understanding urban air quality is the influence of urban vegetation which may act as both, emitter and sink for trace gases and aerosol particles. In this context, the "Berlin Air quality and Ecosystem Research: Local and long-range Impact of anthropogenic and Natural hydrocarbons 2014" (BAERLIN2014) campaign was conducted between the June 2nd and August 29th in the metropolitan area of Berlin-Brandenburg, Germany. The predominant goals of the campaign were (1) the characterization of urban gaseous and particulate pollution and its attribution to anthropogenic and natural sources in the region of interest, especially considering the connection between biogenic volatile organic compounds and particulates and ozone; (2) the quantification of the impact of urban vegetation on organic trace gas levels and the presence of oxidants such as ozone; and (3) to explain the local heterogeneity of pollutants by defining the distribution of sources and sinks relevant for the interpretation of model simulations. In order to do so, the campaign included stationary measurements at an urban background station and mobile observations carried out from bicycle, van and airborne platforms. This paper provides an overview of the mobile measurements (Mobile BAERLIN2014) and general conclusions drawn from the analysis. Bicycle measurements showed micro-scale variations of temperature and particulate matter, displaying a substantial reduction of temperature and particulates in the proximity of vegetated areas compared to typical urban residential area (background) measurements. Van measurements extended the area covered by bicycle observations and included continuous measurements of O3, NOx, CO, CO2, and pointwise volatile organic compounds (VOCs) identification. The quantification displayed notable horizontal heterogeneity of the short lived gases and particle number concentrations. E.g. concentrations of the traffic related chemical species CO and NO varied by more than ±20 % and ±60 % on the scale of one hundred meters, respectively. Airborne observations revealed the dominant source of elevated urban particulate number and mass concentrations being local, i.e. not being caused by long range transport. Surface based observations related these two parameters predominantly to traffic sources. Vegetated areas lowered the pollutant concentrations substantially with ozone being reduced most by coniferous forests, which is most likely caused by their reactive biogenic VOC emissions. With respect to the overall potential to reduce air pollutant levels forests were found to result in the largest decrease, followed by parks and facilities for sports and leisure. Surface temperature was generally 0.6–2.1 °C lower in vegetated regions, which in turn will have an impact on tropospheric chemical processes. Based on our findings effective future mitigation activities to provide a more sustainable and healthier urban environment would focus predominantly on reducing fossil-fuel emissions from traffic as well as on increasing vegetated areas.

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