scholarly journals Mapping QTL for spike fertility related traits in two double haploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Pretini ◽  
Leonardo S. Vanzetti ◽  
Ignacio I. Terrile ◽  
Guillermo Donaire ◽  
Fernanda G. González
Keyword(s):  
Double Haploid ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Fertility Traits ◽  
Major Qtl ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractIn breeding programs, the selection of cultivars with the highest yield potential consisted in the selection of the yield per se, which resulted in cultivars with a higher grain number per spike (GN) and occasionally higher grain weight (GW) (main numerical components of the yield). This task could be facilitated with the use of molecular markers such us single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for GW, GN and spike fertility traits related to GN determination were mapped using two double haploid (DH) populations (Baguette Premium 11 x BioINTA 2002 and Baguette 19 x BioINTA 2002, BP11xB2002 and B19xB2002). Both populations were genotyped with the iSelect 90K SNP array and evaluated in four (BP11xB19) or five (B19xB2002) environments. We identify a total of 305 QTL for 14 traits, however 28 QTL for 12 traits were considered significant with an R2 > 10% and stable for being present at least in three environments. There were detected eight hotspot regions on chromosomes 1A, 2B, 3A, 5A, 5B, 7A and 7B were at least two major QTL sheared confident intervals. QTL on two of these regions have previously been described, but the other six regions were never observed, suggesting that these regions would be novel. The R5A1 (QSL.perg-5A, QCN.perg-5A,QGN.perg-5A) and R5A.2 (QFFTS.perg-5A, QGW.perg-5A) regions together with the QGW.perg-6B resulted in a final higher yield suggesting them to have high relevance as candidates to be used in MAS to improve yield.Author contribution statementKey message28 stable and major QTL for 12 traits associated to spike fertility, GN and GW were detected. Two regions on 5A Ch., and QGW.perg-6B showed direct pleiotropic effects on yield.

scholarly journals Mapping QTL for spike fertility and related traits in two doubled haploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Pretini ◽  
Leonardo S. Vanzetti ◽  
Ignacio I. Terrile ◽  
Guillermo Donaire ◽  
Fernanda G. González
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Physiological Model ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Fertility Traits ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background In breeding programs, the selection of cultivars with the highest yield potential consisted in the selection of the yield per se, which resulted in cultivars with higher grains per spike (GN) and occasionally increased grain weight (GW) (main numerical components of the yield). In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for GW, GN and spike fertility traits related to GN determination were mapped using two doubled haploid (DH) populations (Baguette Premium 11 × BioINTA 2002 and Baguette 19 × BioINTA 2002). Results In total 305 QTL were identified for 14 traits, out of which 12 QTL were identified in more than three environments and explained more than 10% of the phenotypic variation in at least one environment. Eight hotspot regions were detected on chromosomes 1A, 2B, 3A, 5A, 5B, 7A and 7B in which at least two major and stable QTL sheared confidence intervals. QTL on two of these regions (R5A.1 and R5A.2) have previously been described, but the other six regions are novel. Conclusions Based on the pleiotropic analysis within a robust physiological model we conclude that two hotspot genomic regions (R5A.1 and R5A.2) together with the QGW.perg-6B are of high relevance to be used in marker assisted selection in order to improve the spike yield potential. All the QTL identified for the spike related traits are the first step to search for their candidate genes, which will allow their better manipulation in the future.

scholarly journals Diurnal Variations in Physiological Characteristics, Photoassimilates, and Total Ascorbate in Early and Late Sown Indian Wheat Cultivars under Exposure to Elevated Ozone

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1568
Author(s):  
Durgesh Singh Yadav ◽  
Bhavna Jaiswal ◽  
Shashi Bhushan Agrawal ◽  
Madhoolika Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Elevated O3 ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
Selection Of

Rising tropospheric ozone (O3) in the atmosphere is detrimental to crop’s productivity and is one of the reasons for a warmer climate. The present study describes diurnal changes in gaseous exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, ascorbic acid, and photoassimilate parameters in flag leaves of four Indian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (two early sown and two late sown cultivars) under ambient and elevated O3 treatments, using the open-top chambers (OTCs). Results showed that the diurnal pattern of photosynthetic rate (Ps), sucrose, and ascorbic acid content varied according to changes in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and O3 concentrations during the daytime and were maximum between 10:00 to 12:00. The present study suggested that elevated O3 caused more negative effects on photosystem II in early sown compared to late sown cultivars. The greater loss of photosynthesis led to lower production of photoassimilates in early sown cultivars, which utilized more assimilates in ascorbic acid formation for detoxification of ROS formed due to elevated O3. This work will also help to identify the robustness of physiological machinery in different wheat cultivars under elevated levels of O3, and may be used for selection of suitable cultivars during future breeding programs.

scholarly journals Dissection of Genetic Basis Underpinning Kernel Weight-Related Traits in Common Wheat

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Shunda Li ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Yaning Meng ◽  
Yuanfeng Hao ◽  
Hongxin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Grain Width ◽  
Potential Improvement

Genetic dissection kernel weight-related traits is of great significance for improving wheat yield potential. As one of the three major yield components of wheat, thousand kernel weight (TKW) was mainly affected by grain length (GL) and grain width (GW). To uncover the key loci for these traits, we carried out a quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of an F6 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population derived from a cross of Henong 5290 (small grain) and 06Dn23 (big grain) with a 50 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. A total of 17 stable and big effect QTL, including 5 for TKW, 8 for GL and 4 for GW, were detected on the chromosomes 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D, 4B, 5A, 6A and 6D, respectively. Among these, there were two co-located loci for three traits that were mapped on the chromosome 4BS and 6AL. The QTL on 6AL was the most stable locus and explained 15.4–24.8%, 4.1–8.8% and 15.7–24.4% of TKW, GW and GL variance, respectively. In addition, two more major QTL of GL were located on chromosome arm 2BL and 2DL, accounting for 9.7–17.8% and 13.6–19.8% of phenotypic variance, respectively. In this study, we found one novel co-located QTL associated with GL and TKW in 2DL, QGl.haaf-2DL.2/QTkw.haaf-2DL.2, which could explain 13.6–19.8% and 9.8–10.7% phenotypic variance, respectively. Genetic regions and linked markers of these stable QTL will help to further refine mapping of the corresponding loci and marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding for wheat grain yield potential improvement.

scholarly journals Selection of Chilean potato clones for tuber yield, frying quality, plant vigor and vegetative cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223
Author(s):  
Giovani O da Silva ◽  
Caroline M Castro ◽  
Fernanda Q Azevedo ◽  
Arione S Pereira ◽  
Agnaldo DF de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Marketable Tuber ◽  
Plant Vigor ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Vegetative Cycle ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield potential, frying quality, plant vigor, and vegetative cycle of Chilean potato clones, aiming to identify those with potential to become new cultivars or to be used in breeding programs. The experiments were conducted in Pelotas-RS and Canoinhas-SC, Brazil, in spring 2017. A set of 37 advanced potato clones belonging to the Agricultural Research Institute of Chile (INIA) was compared to commercial cultivars Agata, Asterix and Atlantic. A randomized complete block design with three replications of two rows with 10 plants each was used. Tuber yield, frying quality, plant vigor and vegetative cycle traits were evaluated. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, test for grouping means, and the selection differential. In this set of clones there are some presenting superior quality in relation to marketable tuber yield and frying quality, but the vegetative cycle was not shorter nor plant vigor was lower. Clones CH 27 and CH 44 were the best for marketable tuber yield and frying quality at both locations.

scholarly journals Genetic variability assessment in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in Algeria using microsatellites SSR markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
KARIMA KARA ◽  
MALIKA RACHED-KANOUNI ◽  
SAMAH MNASRI ◽  
Hichem Khammar ◽  
M’BAREK BEN NACEUR
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
High Level ◽  
Derived Data ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. Kara K, Rached-Kanouni M, Mnasri S, Khammar H, Ben Naceur MB. 2020. Genetic variability assessment in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in Algeria using microsatellites SSR markers. Biodiversitas 21: 2638-2644. The assessment of genetic diversity is a key step in evaluating the adaptation of populations to new environmental conditions, and thus in the selection of new cultivars. The present investigation aimed to assess genetic variability of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes grown in Algeria. The 17 hexaploid genotypes of bread wheat were assessed using 16 molecular microsatellites of SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat). Among the 16 microsatellite markers tested, only 11 markers were the most polymorphic and reproducible. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) values per locus varied from 0.14 to 0.70 with an average of 0.48 and 0.49. Genetic similarity between genotypes varied from 0.27 and 0.92 with an average of 0.60. The highest genetic distance value of 0.92 has been scored between Kauz/Pastor/Fiscal and Wbll1*2/Brambling. The lowest value of 0.27 has been scored between Cham6 and Pastor/Wbll1. Genetic similarity was calculated by molecular derived data and used to produce a dendrogram. The genotypes were grouped in two clear clusters according to their origin and pedigree. The first cluster included wheat genotypes Ain Abid (local genotypes), Attila/2 Pastor, and 5119 (introduced genotypes). The second group revealed high polymorphism and was subdivided into four sub-groups. This high level of diversity revealed among the accessions of wheat, grown in Algeria could be used in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Combination Capacity and Association Among Traits of Grain Yield in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Alexsander Rigatti ◽  
Alan J. de Pelegrin ◽  
Carine Meier ◽  
Andrei Lunkes ◽  
Luís A. Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Environment Effect ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

Grain yield is a complex quantitative trait, because its expression is associated to the large number of genes with small effect. In addition, there is interaction among different yield components and environment effect, making difficult the direct selection of genotypes. The most viable alternative for wheat breeding programs, an autogamous plant, is use artificial crosses in order to obtain superior genotypes. Hybridization after use of successive self-fertilizations results in segregating populations, which reveal the genetic variability, especially when the parents are genetically different. Therefore, it is important to know genetic relationships between crosses, which will serve as reference for decision making in the choice of combinations. Therefore, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) are used, which facilitate choice of the best parents to compose crossover block. In addition to these parameters, path analysis can be used to determine importance of primary and secondary traits and to guide indirect selection of promising genotypes by means of interest traits.

scholarly journals QTL Mapping for Grain Zinc and Iron Concentrations in Bread Wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Wang ◽  
Xiaoting Xu ◽  
Yuanfeng Hao ◽  
Yelun Zhang ◽  
Yuping Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Grain Zinc ◽  
Hidden Hunger ◽  
Range Of Variation ◽  
Selection Of

Deficiency of micronutrient elements, such as zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe), is called “hidden hunger,” and bio-fortification is the most effective way to overcome the problem. In this study, a high-density Affymetrix 50K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for grain Zn (GZn) and grain Fe (GFe) concentrations in 254 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross Jingdong 8/Bainong AK58 in nine environments. There was a wide range of variation in GZn and GFe concentrations among the RILs, with the largest effect contributed by the line × environment interaction, followed by line and environmental effects. The broad sense heritabilities of GZn and GFe were 0.36 ± 0.03 and 0.39 ± 0.03, respectively. Seven QTL for GZn on chromosomes 1DS, 2AS, 3BS, 4DS, 6AS, 6DL, and 7BL accounted for 2.2–25.1% of the phenotypic variances, and four QTL for GFe on chromosomes 3BL, 4DS, 6AS, and 7BL explained 2.3–30.4% of the phenotypic variances. QTL on chromosomes 4DS, 6AS, and 7BL might have pleiotropic effects on both GZn and GFe that were validated on a germplasm panel. Closely linked SNP markers were converted to high-throughput KASP markers, providing valuable tools for selection of improved Zn and Fe bio-fortification in breeding.

scholarly journals DNA Dizileme Temelli Haplotip Analizlerinde Kullanılan Bazı Yazılımlar

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (sp1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Emel Tüten Sevim ◽  
Kemal Karabağ
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Haplotype Analysis ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Pcr Technology ◽  
Selection Of

Determination of genetic resources and their diversity constitutes are the initial step of the breeding programs. Before starting to the selection of the desired properties, many molecular methods are used to determine the existing genetic potential and determine the genotypic values. Many molecular methods (RAPD, RFLP, AFLP, SSR and DNA sequencing etc.) based on PCR technology are used to identify populations, identify genes related to yield and resistance, and demonstrate phylogenetic relationships. Many software’s for the analysis of molecular datasets obtained from molecular methods have been developed and the field of bioinformatics was born. In this study, after DNA sequence analysis; it is aimed to give information about haplotype analysis by determining SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism's) in individuals of populations, calculation of the genetic distance among populations and within populations, and software and analysis used for phylogenetic tree drawing.

scholarly journals Molecular Mapping of the Major Resistance Quantitative Trait Locus qHS2.09 with Simple Sequence Repeat and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers in Maize

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 692-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Weng ◽  
Xianjun Liu ◽  
Zhenhua Wang ◽  
Jianjun Wang ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Locus ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Head Smut ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Major Qtl

The major quantitative trait locus (QTL) qHS2.09 plays an important role in resistance to head smut during maize breeding and production. In this study, a near-isogenic line (NIL), L34, which harbors the major QTL qHS2.09 in bin 2.09, was developed using a resistant donor ‘Mo17’ in a susceptible genetic background ‘Huangzao4’. Using 18,683 genome-wide polymorphic loci, this major QTL was finely mapped into an interval of ≈1.10 Mb, flanked by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers PZE-102187307 and PZE-102188421. Moreover, the favorable allele from ‘Mo17’ for SNP PZE-102187611 in this interval that was most significantly associated with resistance to head smut (P = 1.88 E-10) and accounted for 39.7 to 44.4% of the phenotypic variance in an association panel consisting of 80 inbred lines. With combined linkage and association mapping, this major QTL was finally located between SNP PZE-102187486 and PZE-102188421 with an interval of ≈1.00 Mb. Based on the pedigrees of ‘Mo17’ and its derivatives widely used in temperate maize breeding programs, the favorable haplotype from ‘Mo17’ is shown to be the main source of resistance to head smut in these lines. Therefore, the SNPs closely linked to the major QTL qHS2.09, detected in both linkage and association mapping, and could be useful for marker-assisted selection in maize breeding programs.

The physiology and genetics behind fruiting efficiency, a promising spike trait to improve wheat yield potential

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Pretini ◽  
María P Alonso ◽  
Leonardo S Vanzetti ◽  
Ana C Pontaroli ◽  
Fernanda G González
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Physiological Approach ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Fertility Traits ◽  
Elite Germplasm

Abstract The fruiting efficiency (FE, grains per g of spike dry weight at anthesis) was proposed as a promising spike trait to improve wheat yield potential, based on its functional relationship with grain number determination (the most important component associated with yield potential) and the evidence of trait variability in elite germplasm. During the last years, we have witnessed great advances in the understanding of the physiological and genetic bases of this trait. The present review summarises the recent heritability estimations and the genetic gains obtained when the fruiting efficiency was measured at maturity (FEm, grains per g of chaff) and used as selection criterion. In addition, by revising a detailed physiological approach based on the fertile floret efficiency (FFE, fertile florets per g of spike dry weight at anthesis) and grain set (grains per fertile floret), together with other spike fertility related traits, spike ideotypes for contrasting fruiting efficiencies are proposed. The novel genes and QTL available for using marker-assisted selection for fruiting efficiency and other spike fertility traits are also reviewed. The possible trade-off between FE and grain weight (GW) and the genes reported to alter this relation are revised. Finally, the benefits and future steps towards the use of fruiting efficiency as a selection criterion in breeding programs is discussed.

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