scholarly journals Bioaerosol Emission from Biofilters: Impact of Bed Material Type and Waste Gas Origin

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1574
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Affek ◽  
Agnieszka Tabernacka ◽  
Monika Załęska-Radziwiłł ◽  
Nina Doskocz ◽  
Adam Muszyński
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Respiration Activity ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Bed Material

Three semi-technical scale biofilters were applied to treat waste gases at different industrial sites in Poland: a mechanical–biological treatment plant of municipal solid waste, a wastewater treatment plant and a food industry plant. Two types of materials were used as beds in the biofilters: stumpwood chips and pine bark, and stumpwood chips, pine bark and compost from green waste. Both bed materials supported the microbial growth and high numbers (106–108 cfu/g dry mass (DM)) of culturable bacteria, and fungi in beds were observed. There was no correlation between the number of microorganisms (cfu/g DM) and the respiratory activity in the biofilter beds. However, microbial respiration activity corresponded with microbial abundance expressed as microbial equivalents (ME), which was calculated based on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) determination. The biofilters either reduced or increased bioaerosol emissions from industrial plants, depending on the microbial content in the waste gases. A high microbial content in the waste gases made the effect of microbial emission from the biofilter bed negligible. The type of biofilter bed and number of microorganisms in the bed also influenced the final bioaerosol emission, but these factors were relevant for biofilters that treated waste gases with low microbial concentrations.

scholarly journals Investigations of the capacity and strength of seed germination in Allium victorialis L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Winiarczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Skrzypczak ◽  
Jolanta Jaroszuk-Sciseł ◽  
Jan Bocianowski
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Normal Structure ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Typical Composition ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Microbial Groups

<p>The aim of the study was to examine the strength and energy of seed germination in <em>Allium victorialis</em>. Despite the normal structure of seeds containing a viable embryo and compliance with all International Seed Testing Association recommendations, no germination in <em>A. victorialis</em> was observed. Additionally, the scarification and stratification treatments applied did not improve the dynamics of germination of <em>A. victorialis</em> seeds. Microbiological analyses of soil sampled from natural localities of the plant revealed a typical composition of bacteria and fungi. The high number of fungi [4.5 log<sub>10</sub>CFU (colony forming units) of fungi × g<sup>−1</sup> dry mass of soil] and various groups of bacteria (about 7.0 log<sub>10</sub>CFU of bacteria × g<sup>−1</sup> dry mass of soil) were detected in the root-free-soil around garlic roots. In the interior of <em>A. victorialis</em> roots, the number of microorganisms decreased 1000 to 10 000 times but all the tested microbial groups, especially copiotrophic bacteria and fungi (1.6 and 2.2, respectively, log<sub>10</sub>CFU × g<sup>−1</sup> dry mass of roots) were detected.</p><p>Changes in such parameters as dehydrogenase activity, pH values, and the total organic C (TOC) content in the particular parts of the rhizosphere and in comparison to the rhizosphere with root-free-soil were observed. The dehydrogenase activity and TOC content were highly positively correlated with the total number of CFU of the microorganisms.</p>

NITROGEN NUTRITION OF CITRUS NURSERY STOCK IN PINE BARK SUBSTRATES.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1161f-1161
Author(s):  
John D. Lea-Cox ◽  
Irwin E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Pine bark is utilized as a substrate in citrus nurseries in South Africa. The Nitrogen (N) content of pine bark is inherently low, and due to the volubility of N, must be supplied on a continual basis to ensure optimum growth rates of young citrus nursery stock. Three citrus rootstock (rough lemon, carrizo citrange and cleopatra mandarin) showed no difference in stem diameter or total dry mass (TDM) when supplied N at concentrations between 25 and 200 mg ·l-1 N in the nutrient solution over a 12 month growing period. Free leaf arginine increased when N was supplied at 400 mg·l-1 N. The form of N affected the growth of rough lemon. High NH4-N:NO3-N (75:25) ratios decreased TDM when Sulfur (S) was absent from the nutrient solution, but not if S was present. Free arginine increased in leaves at high NH4-N (No S) ratios, but not at high NH4-N (S supplied) ratios. Free leaf arginine was correlated with free leaf ammonia. These results have important implications for reducing the concentration of N in nutrient solutions used in citrus nurseries and may indicate that higher NH4-N ratios can be used when adequate S is also supplied.

scholarly journals Microbiology Factor Measurement as Indoor Air Quality Parameter in Public Space

BIOEDUKASI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Oktofa Setia Pamungkas ◽  
Henny Ayu Nirwala ◽  
Dina Mala Pardede
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
The Public ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Factor Measurement ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Indoor Spaces ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Nearly 90% of people spend their time in both private and public indoor spaces. Bank is one of the public indoor spaces accessible to the community, as well as a place for some workers spending time every day. This study was conducted in 6 banking sectors in Samarinda, East Kalimantan, focusing on the existence of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi/mold. The purpose was to investigate the number of microorganisms, both bacteria and fungi, contained in indoor areas of several bank offices in Samarinda. The results showed that the number of bacteria and fungi at several sampling points in 6 offices were above the standard of Permenaker RI No. 5 the year of 2018 and Permenkes RI No. 48 the year of 2016, i.e.,>700 cfu/m3 for bacteria and >1000 cfu/m3 for fungi.

scholarly journals The chemicals (formaldehyde and toluene) influence on soil microorganisms of leached chernozem

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Natalya Anatolyevna Ilyina ◽  
Tatyana Valentinovna Fufaeva ◽  
Natalya Anatolyevna Kazakova ◽  
Nataliya Mikhailovna Kasatkina ◽  
Evgeniya Alexandrovna Vilkova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Status ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The paper assesses the status of the soil cover associated with the pollution of its waste chemical production and consumption. The authors present the data of formaldehyde and toluene influence on the abundance of actinomycetes, heterotrophic bacteria and fungi, as these groups of microorganisms provide self-purification capacity of the soil and participate in soil formation processes. In this paper microbiological and physico-chemical methods of research are used. The study of species composition changes of some soil microorganisms groups of leached chernozem under the influence of formaldehyde and toluene showed that this factor causes changes in the complex of soil microorganisms. This factor is reflected in the decreased species richness and diversity and increase of pollution-tolerant microorganisms. These studies investigate a number of microorganisms that provide self-purification capacity of the soil and participate in soil formation. The results show the nature of the influence of different doses of formaldehyde and toluene on the structure and functioning of the complex of soil microorganisms, as well as reveal the mechanism of action of chemicals (formaldehyde and toluene) on soil microbiota associated with its resistance and the manifestation of toxicity of the soil.

scholarly journals Yearly microbial cycle of human exposed surfaces in show caves

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Silviu Bercea ◽  
Ruxandra Năstase-Bucur ◽  
Oana Teodora Moldovan ◽  
Marius Kenesz ◽  
Silviu Constantin
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Cave Environment ◽  
Show Caves ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
High Level

The human impact upon the subterranean microbiomes is not only a peril to the cave environment but might also affect future visitors. We focused on the changes that humans induced on the surfaces they came in direct or indirect contact with inside two intensely visited Romanian show caves, by means of commercially available microbial rapid test kits and molecular identification. Overall culturable bacteria abundance in the caves maintained high levels year-round while Enterobacteriaceae, coliform bacteria and Escherichiacoli levels peaked during the touristic season, reaching levels that could pose a threat to the health of the visitors. Culturable fungi abundance usually peaked in the spring, remained at a high level in the summer and started to slowly decrease towards the winter months. Differences were observed between the direct and indirect exposed surfaces, as the later had lower overall levels of bacteria and fungi, with increased Enterobacteriaceae loads. Most of the taxa identified are known biodeteriorants of subterranean surfaces and were previously associated with human altered caves. A Dothideomycete sp. previously unknown to the cave environments was detected. This was the first study to analyse the dynamics of the microbial communities of delicate subterranean surfaces in show caves through the use of commercially available test kits. We revealed that exposed surfaces in show caves, in direct or indirect contact with tourists, are host to high concentrations of cultivable microbes. The touristic activity was shown to influence the abundance and dynamics of the microbial communities inhabiting surfaces of show caves.

scholarly journals Characteristics of water sludge from Cracow Water Treatment Plants – case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Gmurkowska
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Capillary Suction ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

During water treatment a large amount of sludge is created – in the form of sewage and sediments. The largest amounts of sludge are produced during coagulation, ozonation and backwashing rapid filters. The quality and quantity of treated water, the type and dose of used coagulants are factors affecting the quantity, composition and properties of the sludge. Sludge produced during processing of drinking water is important problem and their quantity has been increasing. The study focuses on characteristics of water treatment sludge from four water treatment plants in Cracow. It includes theoretical and experimental part. The first part is based on analysis of literature and information obtained from MPWiK [3]. The second experimental part, concerns the analysis of dry matter, organic dry matter, capillary suction time and visual parameters: the color and consistency of the sludge. Result shows that every sludge contains organic matter. The highest concentrations of organic compounds and the largest diversity has been observed in the sludge collected in the Water Treatment Plant Raba, reaching even up to 70% of organic compounds in the dry mass of sludge.

scholarly journals Microbial Community Composition Analysis in Spring Aerosols at Urban and Remote Sites over the Tibetan Plateau

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
Prakriti Sharma Ghimire ◽  
Shichang Kang ◽  
Wasim Sajjad ◽  
Barkat Ali ◽  
Lekhendra Tripathee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Remote Sites ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

This study presents features of airborne culturable bacteria and fungi from three different sites (Lanzhou; LZ; 1520 m ASL, Lhasa; LS; 3640 m ASL and Qomolangma; ZF; 4276 m ASL) representing urban (LZ and LS) and remote sites (ZF) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Total suspended particle (TSP) samples were collected with an air sampler (Laoying 2030, China) on a quartz filter. Community structures of bacteria and fungi were studied and compared among three different locations. The average levels of bacterial load in the outdoor air ranged from approximately 8.03 × 101 to 3.25 × 102 CFU m–3 (Colony forming unit per m3). However, the average levels of fungal loads ranged from approximately 3.88 × 100 to 1.55 × 101 CFU m−3. Bacterial load was one magnitude higher at urban sites LZ (2.06 × 102–3.25 × 102 CFU m−3) and LS (1.96 × 102–3.23 × 102 CFU m−3) compared to remote sites ZF (8.03 × 101–9.54 × 101 CFU m−3). Similarly, the maximum fungal load was observed in LZ (1.02 × 101–1.55 × 101 CFU m−3) followed by LS (1.03 × 101–1.49 × 101 CFU m−3) and ZF (3.88 × 100–6.26 × 100 CFU m−3). However, the maximum microbial concentration was observed on the same day of the month, corresponding to a high dust storm in Lanzhou during the sampling period. The reported isolates were identified by phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA genes for bacteria and ITS sequences for fungi amplified from directly extracted DNA. Bacterial isolates were mostly associated with Proteobacteria, Eurotiomycetes and Bacillus, whereas fungal isolates were mostly Aspergillus and Alternaria. Overall, this is a pioneer study that provides information about the airborne microbial concentration and composition of three sites over the TP region depending on environmental parameters. This study provided preliminary insight to carry out more advanced and targeted analyses of bioaerosol in the sites presented in the study.

BARREN RING, A DESCRIPTION AND STUDY OF CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1043-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Toohey ◽  
C. D. Nelson ◽  
G. Krotkov
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Pseudomonas Aureofaciens ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Barren Soil ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

A description is given of a rare soil disease, called "barren ring", which occurs in some old, deserted pastures. It is an expanding ring-shaped area of diameter up to 17 meters in which the vegetation is killed. Regeneration of normal vegetation occurs in the center of the ring. A number of microorganisms were isolated from the barren soil and tested for phytotoxicity in vitro. Of 24 pure strains of bacteria and fungi isolated, only one bacterium showed phytotoxicity to the test organism, Phleum pratense L. It was identified as a strain of Pseudomonas aureofaciens Kluyver. Bioautography of extracts of the bacterial culture showed that there are two compounds extractable in benzene which have both antibiotic and phytotoxic activity. However, it has not been established that this bacterium is the sole causal agent of the disease and it is suggested that it is caused by an association of microorganisms.

Endophytes of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivars: identification of culturable bacteria and fungi in leaves, petioles, and seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 664-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryanne Scott ◽  
Mamta Rani ◽  
Jamil Samsatly ◽  
Jean-Benoit Charron ◽  
Suha Jabaji
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Industrial Hemp

Plant endophytes are a group of microorganisms that reside asymptomatically within the healthy living tissue. The diversity and molecular and biochemical characterization of industrial hemp-associated endophytes have not been previously studied. This study explored the abundance and diversity of culturable endophytes residing in petioles, leaves, and seeds of three industrial hemp cultivars, and examined their biochemical attributes and antifungal potential. A total of 134 bacterial and 53 fungal strains were isolated from cultivars Anka, CRS-1, and Yvonne. The number of bacterial isolates was similarly distributed among the cultivars, with the majority recovered from petiole tissue. Most fungal strains originated from leaf tissue of cultivar Anka. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses grouped the endophytes into 18 bacterial and 13 fungal taxa, respectively. The most abundant bacterial genera were Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and Bacillus, and the fungal genera were Aureobasidium, Alternaria, and Cochliobolus. The presence of siderophores, cellulase production, and phosphorus solubilization were the main biochemical traits. In proof-of-concept experiments, re-inoculation of tomato roots with some endophytes confirmed their migration to aerial tissues of the plant. Taken together, this study demonstrates that industrial hemp harbours a diversity of microbial endophytes, some of which could be used in growth promotion and (or) in biological control designed experiments.

Inactivation of indigenous bacteria in water by ozone and chlorine

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Joret ◽  
V. Mennecart ◽  
C. Robert ◽  
B. Compagnon ◽  
P. Cervantes
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Indigenous Bacteria ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Active Bacteria

The aim of this study was to compare the level of removal and inactivation of indigenous bacteria during drinking water production as evaluated by culture techniques and epifluorescent microscopic counts of metabolically active bacteria (in situ respiring bacteria i.e. able to metabolise CTC: cyano 2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride). Two sets of experiments were designed: a) bacterial counts through a full scale drinking water treatment plant (multibarrier treatment including coagulation-flocculation-settling, sand filtration, ozonation, biological GAC filtration, post-chlorination) and distribution system; b) benchscale disinfection studies in order to re-evaluate the C.t values necessary to inactivate laboratory grown E. coli or indigenous bacteria from water by ozone and chlorine. Main conclusions of this study are: a) significant amounts of in situ respiring bacteria (undetected by the classical culture techniques) are detected in finished water; b) the efficiency of ozone and chlorine recorded by microscopic counts of active bacteria is much less than supposed by classical enumerations of culturable bacteria; c) previous results reported in the literature may have largely overestimated the bactericidal efficiency of disinfectants used for producing drinking water.

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