scholarly journals Characteristics of water sludge from Cracow Water Treatment Plants – case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Gmurkowska
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Capillary Suction ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

During water treatment a large amount of sludge is created – in the form of sewage and sediments. The largest amounts of sludge are produced during coagulation, ozonation and backwashing rapid filters. The quality and quantity of treated water, the type and dose of used coagulants are factors affecting the quantity, composition and properties of the sludge. Sludge produced during processing of drinking water is important problem and their quantity has been increasing. The study focuses on characteristics of water treatment sludge from four water treatment plants in Cracow. It includes theoretical and experimental part. The first part is based on analysis of literature and information obtained from MPWiK [3]. The second experimental part, concerns the analysis of dry matter, organic dry matter, capillary suction time and visual parameters: the color and consistency of the sludge. Result shows that every sludge contains organic matter. The highest concentrations of organic compounds and the largest diversity has been observed in the sludge collected in the Water Treatment Plant Raba, reaching even up to 70% of organic compounds in the dry mass of sludge.

Rehabilitation of water treatment plants with operational constrains: a study on turbidity removal

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaveh Sookhak Lari ◽  
Morteza Kargar
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Long Term Effect

High-rate lamella settlers in clarifiers and triple media filters have been implemented in Isfahan water treatment plant (known as ‘Baba-Sheikh-Ali’) in Iran to upgrade existing clarification/filtration processes during the recent years. The applied technologies are mainly used to reduce finished water turbidity as the primary regional criterion on water quality. However, application of both technologies faced some operational limitations since they began to work. These problems are due to the existing layout of the process units and available materials. The current study focuses on performance of restricted application of the two technologies with respect to turbidity removal. Online measured turbidity data from a two-year field observation (since March 2010) are used. In particular, results show a more promising and long-term effect on turbidity removal due to tripling filter media rather than application of the lamella settlers in clarifiers. The reasons for these observations are discussed.

METHODS FOR DETERMINING ORGANIC MATTER AND COLOUR IN WATER

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Ramunė Albrektienė ◽  
Mindaugas Rimeika
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Filtration ◽  
Humic Matter ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Start Up

The article examines different methods for determining organic matter and colour in water. Most of organic compounds in water have a humic substance. These substances frequently form complexes with iron. Humic matter gives water a yellow-brownish colour. Water filtration through conventional sand filters does not remove colour and organic compounds, and therefore complicated water treatment methods shall be applied. The methods utilized for organic matter determination in water included research on total organic carbon, permanganate index and the bichromate number of UV absorption of 254 nm wave length. The obtained results showed the greatest dependence between water colour and permanganate index. However, UV adsorption could be used for organic matter determination during the operation of a water treatment plant and the start-up of plants as easy and fast methods.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of vertical subsurface wetlands for iron and manganese removal from wastewater in drinking water treatment plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-163
Author(s):  
Jader Martínez Girón ◽  
Jenny Vanessa Marín-Rivera ◽  
Mauricio Quintero-Angel
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Significant Difference

Population growth and urbanization pose a greater pressure for the treatment of drinking water. Additionally, different treatment units, such as decanters and filters, accumulate high concentrations of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), which in many cases can be discharged into the environment without any treatment when maintenance is performed. Therefore, this paper evaluates the effectiveness of vertical subsurface wetlands for Fe and Mn removal from wastewater in drinking water treatment plants, taking a pilot scale wetland with an ascending gravel bed with two types of plants: C. esculenta and P. australis in El Hormiguero (Cali, Colombia), as an example. The pilot system had three upstream vertical wetlands, two of them planted and the third one without a plant used as a control. The wetlands were arranged in parallel and each formed by three gravel beds of different diameter. The results showed no significant difference for the percentage of removal in the three wetlands for turbidity (98 %), Fe (90 %), dissolved Fe (97 %) and Mn (98 %). The dissolved oxygen presented a significant difference between the planted wetlands and the control. C. esculenta had the highest concentration of Fe in the root with (103.5 ± 20.8) µg/g ; while P. australis had the highest average of Fe concentrations in leaves and stem with (45.7 ± 24) µg/g and (41.4 ± 9.1) µg/g, respectively. It is concluded that subsurface wetlands can be an interesting alternative for wastewater treatment in the maintenance of drinking water treatment plants. However, more research is needed for the use of vegetation or some technologies for the removal or reduction of the pollutant load in wetlands, since each drinking water treatment plant will require a treatment system for wastewater, which in turn requires a wastewater treatment system as well.

Application of Neurogenetic Modeling in Optimization of Water Treatment Plant Based on the Temporal Monitoring of Water Input Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Paulami De
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Inflow ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

This article addresses methods to adjust operating requirements in water treatment plants (WTPs) in order to increase the efficiency of water treatment plants based on the nature of the water inflows into the systems. In the past, various studies have suggested that the quality of water inflow into the WTP has an impact on the efficiency and economic viability of operating treatment plants. Among all other quality parameters, the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) is one of the basic indicators about the overall quality of the water. Identification of a temporal pattern can help the engineers to adapt the WTP operations and can save the unnecessary wasting of plant resources. That is why the present article has proposed a new model that can predict the temporal patterns of various chemical parameters with the help of an analytic neuronal network. The model was applied to the case of a WTP that responds to a peri-urban catchment, leading to regular variations in the DO of water inflow. According to the performance metrics utilized the model was able to predict the temporal pattern at a lag of 1 hour.

scholarly journals Improving chemical cleaning of fouled membranes in a drinking water treatment plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2330-2337
Author(s):  
Susumu Hasegawa ◽  
Yasuhiro Tanaka ◽  
Naokazu Wake ◽  
Ryosuke Takagi ◽  
Hideto Matsuyama
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Abstract Recently, membrane filtration systems have become increasingly common in drinking water treatment plants. In this industry, preventing membrane fouling is of utmost importance. Many studies on the relationship between raw water components and membrane fouling have been performed in laboratory conditions. However, very few studies have analyzed the components of foulants on the fouled membrane as operated in actual drinking water treatment plants. By analyzing these components in plant-conditions, membrane fouling will be more effectively prevented. In this study, we analyzed the components of foulants extracted with 0.1 N NaOH from a fouled membrane operated in a drinking water treatment plant in Japan. Our analysis revealed that the main foulants were humic substances. In order to dissolve the accumulated humic substances, additional chemical cleaning was attempted with 500 ppm sodium hypochlorite. As a result, it was found that humic substances were dissolved and filtration resistance significantly decreased. Additionally, the removal of inorganic foulants was also greater after chemical cleaning with 500 ppm sodium hypochlorite, as inorganic foulants trapped within humic substances were released to the membrane surface as hydroxides by the additional sodium hypochlorite cleaning and were dissolved by the periodic citric acid cleaning.

Modeling NOM removal by softening in a surface water treatment plant

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1008-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
João M. L. Dias ◽  
Rui Oliveira ◽  
Michael Semmens
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Phenomenological Model ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Treatment Data

Phenomenological models and hybrid phenomenological–chemometric models were developed to predict natural organic matter (NOM) removal based on the real water treatment data from the city of Minneapolis over a 3 year period. The analysis of the modeling results showed that the phenomenological model was able to capture the major variations of NOM removal but it tended to over predict the NOM removal in independent data sets. These results could be significantly improved by the hybrid model, which was less biased and much more accurate than the phenomenological model. The phenomenological model parameters showed low statistical confidence because the available data, collected in real water treatment conditions, was not sufficiently informative to identify the complex model structure. By comparison, the hybrid modeling method enabled a more reliable discrimination of the most important factors affecting NOM removal. The final hybrid model was implemented in an Excel spreadsheet and can be easily used for NOM removal prediction and the control of chemical dosing.

scholarly journals Vertical Upgrading of Existing Water Treatment Plants by using Air Flotation Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3671-3680
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Due to the rate increase for potable water need, the general market trend is the vertical expansions for water treatment plants instead of the horizontal ones. By upgrading the existing plants using new technology to reach the maximum capacity and conserve the water quality parameters as the Egyptian Code states. The most benefits of plant upgrading are no new land is needed also, low cost solution, as we could upgrade the WTP as mentioned before without adding major civil works comparing with the construction of new water treatment. This study aims to upgrade the existing water treatment plants using dissolved air floatation system, in order to reach the maximum possible capacity using several possible scenarios without adding major civil works. The study shows that, the scenario which involves DAF technology then sedimentation and filtration has the best removal efficiency because it has three treatment phases. The use of one treatment phase from floatation or sedimentation followed by filtration achieved lower efficiency. At last direct filtration, considering low removal efficiencies due to the high rate of filtration which allowed the suspended solids to escape.For the application upon Al Ameriyah water treatment plant, the first proposal which involves five combined tanks, two tube settler and one filter tank is the most convenient proposal to be achieved. Since it has quiet high value 72 points in the technical evaluation with the least estimated cost 85,769,200 LE. The use of DAF technology combined with sedimentation gives the chance to increase the existing plant capacity from 520000 m3 /day to 864815 m3 /day with rate of increase equals 66.31% which is a cheap and happy solution.

Biological P-Removal: State of the Art in The Netherlands

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 317-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. van Starkenburg ◽  
J. H. Rensink ◽  
G. B. J. Rijs
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
P Removal

In the Netherlands the effluent requirements of municipal waste water treatment plants for P will become stricter in 1995. Depending on the design capacity of the waste water treatment plant the effluent requirement will be 1 mg/l P for plants with a treatment capacity of over 100,000 p.e. and 2 mg/l for a lower capacity. From all the P-removal techniques, such as chemical precipitation, fluid-bed pellet reactor and magnetic separation, the most promising technique in the Netherlands would seem to be biological P-removal with or without a combination of the three other techniques. In this paper a description is given of biological P-removal, especially the principle, the factors affecting biological P-removal performance, the different modifications and an example of each system in the Netherlands.

Feasibility of treatment of low polluted waste water in municipal waste water treatment plants

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry L. Dorussen ◽  
Wilfried B. A. Wassenberg
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plants

In many cases municipal waste water treatment plants receive considerable amounts of low polluted waste water like pretreated industrial waste water, polluted ground water etc. It is not known to what extent treatment of this type of waste water in a municipal waste water treatment plant is feasible with regard to environmental effects and costs. In this paper the effects of this type of waste water on the removal efficiencies of nitrogen, heavy metals and organic micropollutants have been described and costs have been given to prevent an increase of emission loads. For an estimation of the effects on the emission loads simulation models have been used. For an existing oxidation system with a relatively high amount of low polluted waste water simulation runs have been made for situations with and without low polluted waste water. On basis of the results of this case study a system has been developed for the assessment of the feasibility of treatment of low polluted waste water in a municipal waste water treatment plant.

BIM-Based Facility management for water treatment plants using laser scanning

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-330
Author(s):  
Mohamed Marzouk ◽  
Rasha Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Facility Management ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Abstract Lack of maintenance information pertaining to water treatment plant equipment may lead to many problems within the treatment system and affect its performance. A framework for using three-dimensional laser scanning to obtain equipment maintenance information for water treatment plants is presented. The framework core phase involves automation of information exchange in a three-dimensional computer-aided design (CAD) environment as the foundation for adopting a Building Information Modeling (BIM) approach. The framework supports the concepts of BIM-based facility management through the essential task of equipment information clustering according to maintenance intervals. Clustering according to daily, weekly, monthly, and annual maintenance plans are identified with potential applicability for additional extentions. Finally, a case study illustrates the benefits of using laser scanning technology in facility management.

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