Screening Approach for Short-Term PM2.5 Health Co-Benefits: A Case Study from 15 Metropolitan Cities around the World during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Fifteen cities across the world have been selected to investigate the public health co-benefits of PM2.5 reduction, during a period when various non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were adopted in the COVID-19 pandemic. Through applying a public health model, AirQ+, substantial spatial variations of global public health co-benefits were identified. Differences in seasonal air quality and population baselines were key underlying factors. For cities in North America, NPIs were introduced during the low pollution season, generating no co-benefits. On the other hand, tremendous health co-benefits were observed for cities in India and China, due to the high PM2.5 background with a large population. Among all, New Delhi has received the largest co-benefits, which saved over 14,700 premature deaths. As the pollution level (i.e., 45 μg m−3) with NPIs still exceeded the air quality standard, more rigorous emission controls are urgently needed to protect the public′s health in India. At last, a novel and practical tool for co-benefit screening was developed using data from one of the global measurement networks (i.e., IQAir).

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The COVID-19 Pandemic, Biogerontology, and the Ageing of Humanity

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glab027 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Colin Farrelly

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Older Persons ◽

World Health ◽

Health Priorities ◽

Global Public Health ◽

The Public ◽

Disease Mortality ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

Health Burdens

Abstract The World Health Organization designated the decade 2020–2030 as the “decade of healthy ageing.” It is a tragic irony that the year 2020 should begin with a pandemic that is so lethal for older persons. Not only are older persons the most vulnerable to COVID-19 mortality, but many of the mitigation efforts to slow the spread of the virus have imposed yet further emotional and mental health burdens on the most vulnerable among those older than 70 years. To help prevent future infectious disease mortality and suffering, as well as the profound health burdens from the chronic diseases associated with ageing, insights from biogerontology must become an integral part of global public health priorities. The timing is ripe for making the public health aspiration of developing an applied gerontological intervention a reality.

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Punishment Strategies across Societies: Conventional Wisdoms Reconsidered

Games ◽

10.3390/g12030063 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 63

Author(s):

Ramzi Suleiman ◽

Yuval Samid

Keyword(s):

Public Goods ◽

Strong Predictor ◽

Social Environments ◽

Public Goods Game ◽

The Public ◽

Free Riders ◽

The World ◽

Emergence Of Cooperation ◽

Using Data ◽

The Cost

Experiments using the public goods game have repeatedly shown that in cooperative social environments, punishment makes cooperation flourish, and withholding punishment makes cooperation collapse. In less cooperative social environments, where antisocial punishment has been detected, punishment was detrimental to cooperation. The success of punishment in enhancing cooperation was explained as deterrence of free riders by cooperative strong reciprocators, who were willing to pay the cost of punishing them, whereas in environments in which punishment diminished cooperation, antisocial punishment was explained as revenge by low cooperators against high cooperators suspected of punishing them in previous rounds. The present paper reconsiders the generality of both explanations. Using data from a public goods experiment with punishment, conducted by the authors on Israeli subjects (Study 1), and from a study published in Science using sixteen participant pools from cities around the world (Study 2), we found that: 1. The effect of punishment on the emergence of cooperation was mainly due to contributors increasing their cooperation, rather than from free riders being deterred. 2. Participants adhered to different contribution and punishment strategies. Some cooperated and did not punish (‘cooperators’); others cooperated and punished free riders (‘strong reciprocators’); a third subgroup punished upward and downward relative to their own contribution (‘norm-keepers’); and a small sub-group punished only cooperators (‘antisocial punishers’). 3. Clear societal differences emerged in the mix of the four participant types, with high-contributing pools characterized by higher ratios of ‘strong reciprocators’, and ‘cooperators’, and low-contributing pools characterized by a higher ratio of ‘norm keepers’. 4. The fraction of ‘strong reciprocators’ out of the total punishers emerged as a strong predictor of the groups’ level of cooperation and success in providing the public goods.

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Path of the Operation and Promotion of Market-Based Chinese Martial Arts

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.2350 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 971-973 ◽

pp. 2350-2353

Author(s):

Ai Yun Sun ◽

Xi Yang Ding

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Economic Development ◽

Economic Integration ◽

Martial Arts ◽

Consumption Level ◽

The Public ◽

Business Operations ◽

Social And Economic Development ◽

The World ◽

Elite Sports

martial arts through the promotion of conditions , difficulties and countermeasures analysis of the system, that China should be based on public health and martial arts fighting two clues to promote athletics , martial arts part of the refining and development of the " elite sports " and select wide popularity part , to promote the realization of the true sense of the public , in order to improve business operations and direction of development to promote social and economic development and to meet the needs of people in sports consumption level . In other words, watching athletics , martial arts fitness and economic integration of the three organic constituted martial arts through the promotion of the premise, but also the power of martial arts to the world .

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OBESITY IN SARS-COV-2 INFECTION: LITERATURE REVIEW

10.36106/2709661 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 19-23

Author(s):

Donizete Tavares Da Silva ◽

Priscila De Sousa Barros Lima ◽

Renato Sampaio Mello Neto ◽

Gustavo Magalhães Valente ◽

Débora Dias Cabral ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Circulatory System ◽

World Health ◽

Global Public Health ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization

In March 2020, the World Health Organization (1) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic and a threat to global public health (2). The virus mainly affects the lungs and can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In addition, coronavirus 2 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARSCOV2) also has devastating effects on other important organs, including the circulatory system, brain, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys and liver

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An Uncertain Risk: The World Health Organization's Account of H1N1

Science in Context ◽

10.1017/s0269889714000167 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 511-529 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sudeepa Abeysinghe

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Influenza Pandemic ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

H1n1 Influenza ◽

World Health ◽

Scientific Uncertainty ◽

Global Public Health ◽

The World ◽

Public Risk ◽

Health Organization

ArgumentScientific uncertainty is fundamental to the management of contemporary global risks. In 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the start of the H1N1 Influenza Pandemic. This declaration signified the risk posed by the spread of the H1N1 virus, and in turn precipitated a range of actions by global public health actors. This article analyzes the WHO's public representation of risk and examines the centrality of scientific uncertainty in the case of H1N1. It argues that the WHO's risk narrative reflected the context of scientific uncertainty in which it was working. The WHO argued that it was attempting to remain faithful to the scientific evidence, and the uncertain nature of the threat. However, as a result, the WHO's public risk narrative was neither consistent nor socially robust, leading to the eventual contestation of the WHO's position by other global public health actors, most notably the Council of Europe. This illustrates both the significance of scientific uncertainty in the investigation of risk, and the difficulty for risk managing institutions in effectively acting in the face of this uncertainty.

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Modelling and analysis of COVID-19 epidemic in India

10.1101/2020.04.12.20062794 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Alok Tiwari

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Doubling Time ◽

Single Case ◽

World Health Organisation ◽

Public Health Emergency ◽

Positive Case ◽

World Health ◽

The Public ◽

First Case ◽

The World

ABSTRACTCOVID-19 epidemic is declared as the public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organisation in the second week of March 2020. This disease originated from China in December 2019 has already caused havoc around the world, including India. The first case in India was reported on 30th January 2020, with the cases crossing 6000 on the day paper was written. Complete lockdown of the nation for 21 days and immediate isolation of infected cases are the proactive steps taken by the authorities. For a better understanding of the evolution of COVID-19 in the country, Susceptible-Infectious-Quarantined-Recovered (SIQR) model is used in this paper. It is predicted that actual infectious population is ten times the reported positive case (quarantined) in the country. Also, a single case can infect 1.55 more individuals of the population. Epidemic doubling time is estimated to be around 4.1 days. All indicators are compared with Brazil and Italy as well. SIQR model has also predicted that India will see the peak with 22,000 active cases during the last week of April followed by reduction in active cases. It may take complete July for India to get over with COVID-19.

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Four pandemics: lessons learned, lessons lost

10.22514/sv.2020.16.0096 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

World Health ◽

Swine Flu ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Health Crisis ◽

The World ◽

Spanish Flu ◽

Future Events ◽

Health Organization

In the past 100 years, the world has faced four distinctly different pandemics: the Spanish flu of 1918-1919, the SARS pandemic of 2003, the H1N1 or “swine flu” pandemic of 2012, and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Each public health crisis exposed specific systemic shortfalls and provided public health lessons for future events. The Spanish flu revealed a nursing shortage and led to a great appreciation of nursing as a profession. SARS showed the importance of having frontline clinicians be able to work with regulators and those producing guidelines. H1N1 raised questions about the nature of a global organization such as the World Health Organization in terms of the benefits and potential disadvantages of leading the fight against a long-term global public health threat. In the era of COVID-19, it seems apparent that we are learning about both the blessing and curse of social media.

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LOCAL MEDIA IN THE CORONA CRISIS: SIGNIFICANCE AND CHALLENGES ON THE EXAMPLE OF POŽEGA 034 PORTAL

EMC Review - Časopis za ekonomiju - APEIRON ◽

10.7251/emc2101280m ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ante Mandarić ◽

Goran Matijević

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Digital Media ◽

Crisis Communication ◽

The State ◽

Public Research ◽

The Public ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Local Media ◽

The World ◽

The Creation

The epidemic of the disease COVID-19, in Požeština in relation to China, where it originated in other parts of Croatia, appeared somewhat later, while Požega-Slavonia County in terms of total share in relation to other counties in Croatia remained relatively well , 16th place, out of a total of 20 counties, ie a smaller number of patients was recorded. In the conditions of public health danger to the health and lives of people with expressed uncertainty, citizens around the world were flooded with numerous information, about the disease, ways of prevention, treatment that at one point threatened to turn into an infodemia, as warned by the WHO. The importance of crisis communication in such conditions is of great importance, and how governments and headquarters communicate messages about the crisis to the public, which is discussed in the first parts of the paper and points out several inconsistencies and illogicalities in the actions of the state headquarters. prohibition and permission to make recommendations contrary to the epidemiologist’s recommendations. But more important than the recommendations of headquarters and governments, today are the recommendations and news transmitted by digital media, and especially the local ones that bring news and recommendations for the area where we live. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to investigate in the central part the significance of the local 034 Portal in the Corona crisis, and its monitoring of the crisis and its impact on the public. Research through several segments, it was found that the portal maintained the level of reporting on regular events and adjusted reporting on the Crown to the conditions and situation in the county, not leading to sensationalism, concern, fear, but was a carrier of preventive activities and a good ally in the fight. against the epidemic, that is, he followed the guidelines for informing the WHO and did not contribute to the creation of an infodemia.

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Taking Public Health Learning Global through Branding and Identity Management

Branding and Sustainable Competitive Advantage ◽

10.4018/978-1-61350-171-9.ch003 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 24-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shalin Hai-Jew

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Identity Management ◽

State University ◽

Global Public Health ◽

The Public ◽

Graduate Degrees ◽

Online Branding ◽

Kansas State University ◽

Potential Methods ◽

Definition Of

“Pathways to Public Health” involves undergraduate and graduate degrees offered fully online through Kansas State University (K-State) to both meet the needs of traditional-age learners and professionals in the public health field who will need formal credentialing. This curriculum offers learning with global implications and has a wide potential to benefit global learners. In light of this, this chapter explores potential methods for online branding and identity management for this course series as a central analytical aspect of the program’s development and launch. This chapter will address the following issues: an environmental scan of the global public health environment; the definition of the core identity; a branding strategy using the World Wide Web (WWW), Internet, and Web 2.0 affordances (to reach both internal and external “publics”); an initial risk assessment; legal considerations; work implications of the global branding; the engagement of students and graduates in the branding outreach, and the maintenance of this brand over time.

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