scholarly journals Electron Ionization of Size-Selected Positively and Negatively Charged Helium Droplets

Atoms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Felix Laimer ◽  
Fabio Zappa ◽  
Elisabeth Gruber ◽  
Paul Scheier
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Electron Ionization ◽  
Helium Droplets ◽  
Metastable Helium ◽  
Reaction Channels ◽  
Charge States ◽  
The Individual

A beam of size-selected charged helium droplets was crossed with an electron beam, and the ion efficiency curves for the product droplets in all different charge states were recorded. We estimate that the selected helium droplets on their passage through the electron beam are hit by several hundred electrons which can interact with the individual He atoms of the droplets. Reaction channels corresponding to the removal or capture of up to eight electrons were identified, and in all cases, inelastic scattering and the formation of metastable helium played a significant role.

Temperature Dependence of the Critical Electron Dose for Fatty Acid Monolayers

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Downing ◽  
Robert M. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Strong Temperature Dependence ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Covalent Bonds

The structural damage of molecules irradiated by electrons is generally considered to occur in two steps. The direct result of inelastic scattering events is the disruption of covalent bonds. Following changes in bond structure, movement of the constituent atoms produces permanent distortions of the molecules. Since at least the second step should show a strong temperature dependence, it was to be expected that cooling a specimen should extend its lifetime in the electron beam. This result has been found in a large number of experiments, but the degree to which cooling the specimen enhances its resistance to radiation damage has been found to vary widely with specimen types.

scholarly journals Determining the helicity structure of the nucleon at the Electron Ion Collider in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Paolo Anderle ◽  
Tie-Jiun Hou ◽  
Hongxi Xing ◽  
Mengshi Yan ◽  
C.-P. Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Scattering Data ◽  
Leading Order ◽  
Specific Topic ◽  
Good Separation ◽  
Effective Electron ◽  
Deep Inelastic Scattering Data ◽  
Polarized Proton ◽  
Helicity Structure

Abstract Understanding how sea quarks behave inside a nucleon is one of the most important physics goals of the proposed Electron-Ion Collider in China (EicC), which is designed to have a 3.5 GeV polarized electron beam (80% polarization) colliding with a 20 GeV polarized proton beam (70% polarization) at instantaneous luminosity of 2 × 1033cm−2s−1. A specific topic at EicC is to understand the polarization of individual quarks inside a longitudinally polarized nucleon. The potential of various future EicC data, including the inclusive and semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering data from both doubly polarized electron-proton and electron-3He collisions, to reduce the uncertainties of parton helicity distributions is explored at the next-to-leading order in QCD, using the Error PDF Updating Method Package (ePump) which is based on the Hessian profiling method. We show that the semi-inclusive data are well able to provide good separation between flavour distributions, and to constrain their uncertainties in the x > 0.005 region, especially when electron-3He collisions, acting as effective electron-neutron collisions, are taken into account. To enable this study, we have generated a Hessian representation of the DSSV14 set of PDF replicas, named DSSV14H PDFs.

scholarly journals Photoionization of ions in arbitrary charge states by synchrotron radiation in an electron beam ion trap

2009 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Simon ◽  
M Schwarz ◽  
B L Schmitt ◽  
C Beilmann ◽  
S W Epp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Ion Trap ◽  
Electron Beam Ion Trap ◽  
Charge States ◽  
Arbitrary Charge

Elders and Deacons in Kampen and Wemeldinge: Dutch Reformed Approaches to Consistory Elections

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-42
Author(s):  
Kyle J. Dieleman
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Dutch Reformed ◽  
Reformed Churches ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Church

The consistory was a crucial institution in early modern Reformed churches. This article examines the nominations and elections of elders and deacons in the Dutch Reformed consistories of Kampen and Wemeldinge, shedding light on who was being nominated and elected and how such processes functioned in these churches. In particular, research into the Kampen consistory records demonstrates the importance given to the office of elder despite little theological backing for such a hieararchy; this was true to a lesser extent in Wemeldinge. In addition, the Kampen civil authorities played a significant role in the life of the consistory, most notably through the service of burgomasters as elders. The presence of burgomasters on the consistory is not present in Wemeldinge, indicating a more separate relationship between the church and state. In both Kampen and Wemeldinge, the elections of elders and deacons were unique and responded to the challenges and priorities of the individual contexts and communities.

Nonequilibrium effects in α-particle induced reactions on gallium isotopes

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 870-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Rizvi ◽  
M. K. Bhardwaj ◽  
M. Afzal Ansari ◽  
A. K. Chaubey
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Residual Nucleus ◽  
Reaction Cross ◽  
Activation Technique ◽  
Individual Reaction ◽  
Reaction Channels ◽  
Stacked Foil Activation Technique ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Reaction Cross Sections

The stacked foil activation technique and Ge(Li) γ-ray spectroscopy have been employed for the determination of the excitation functions, up to 60 MeV, of six reactions, 69Ga(α,n), (α,2n), (α,3n), (α,p3n); 71Ga(α,n) and (α,4n). Since natural gallium used as the target has two odd-mass stable isotopes of abundance, 69Ga(60.1%) and 71Ga(39.9%), their activation in some cases gives the same residual nucleus through different reaction channels, but with very different Q values. In such cases, the individual reaction cross sections are separated with the help of the ratio of their theoretical cross sections. A preliminary theoretical comparison with the preequilibrium geometry-dependent hybrid (GDH) model has been done using an initial exciton number no = 4 (2n + 2p + 0h), and general agreement was found for all reactions at high energies.

Thresholds of the Tragic: A Study of Space in Sophocles and Racine

1989 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-241
Author(s):  
Pascale-Anne Brault
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
The World ◽  
Tragic Event ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Boundary Situation ◽  
Or Gate ◽  
The Way

You have turned the page, and thus have already opened a door.A door to the text.A text about doors.Or, to be more precise, about the recurrence of doors and their function in Sophocles and Racine.Our purpose in focusing on plays in which the door or gate has a significant role for the individual and his being-in-the-world is to delineate the passageway which leads the tragic character to a boundary situation and, from there, to a possible transgression of that situation. That which is on each side of the door, the spaces created by the thresholds, will thus help locate the place of the tragic event. This spatialization of the tragic event as the transgressing of a boundary situation is emphasized by the way in which both Sophocles and Racine determine the parameters of the action as it is structured within a specific space.

Large Area and Depth-Profiling Dislocation Imaging and Strain Analysis in Si/SiGe/Si Heterostructures

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1521-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Chen ◽  
Daniel Zuo ◽  
Seongwon Kim ◽  
James Mabon ◽  
Mauro Sardela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Depth Profiling ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Misfit Dislocations ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Reciprocal Space Mapping ◽  
Strained Si ◽  
Composition Ratios ◽  
The Individual

AbstractWe demonstrate the combined use of large area depth-profiling dislocation imaging and quantitative composition and strain measurement for a strained Si/SiGe/Si sample based on nondestructive techniques of electron beam-induced current (EBIC) and X-ray diffraction reciprocal space mapping (XRD RSM). Depth and improved spatial resolution is achieved for dislocation imaging in EBIC by using different electron beam energies at a low temperature of ~7 K. Images recorded clearly show dislocations distributed in three regions of the sample: deep dislocation networks concentrated in the “strained” SiGe region, shallow misfit dislocations at the top Si/SiGe interface, and threading dislocations connecting the two regions. Dislocation densities at the top of the sample can be measured directly from the EBIC results. XRD RSM reveals separated peaks, allowing a quantitative measurement of composition and strain corresponding to different layers of different composition ratios. High-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy cross-section analysis clearly shows the individual composition layers and the dislocation lines in the layers, which supports the EBIC and XRD RSM results.

SPIN STRUCTURE OF THE NUCLEON STUDIED BY HERMES

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (08) ◽  
pp. 1161-1168
Author(s):  
◽  
TOSHI-AKI SHIBATA
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Deep Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Spin Structure ◽  
Magnetic Spectrometer ◽  
Particle Identification ◽  
Wide Acceptance ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Gas Targets ◽  
Polarized Deep Inelastic Scattering

The spin structure of the proton and neutron is studied by polarized deep inelastic scattering at HERMES. The longitudinally polarized electron beam at 27.6 GeV, polarized internal gas targets of 3 He , H and D, and a wide acceptance magnetic spectrometer with a particle identification capability are the important ingredients of the experiment. The basic concepts of the measurements at HERMES as well as recent physics results are presented.

scholarly journals Radioluminescence Response of Ce-, Cu-, and Gd-Doped Silica Glasses for Dosimetry of Pulsed Electron Beams

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7523
Author(s):  
Daniel Söderström ◽  
Heikki Kettunen ◽  
Adriana Morana ◽  
Arto Javanainen ◽  
Youcef Ouerdane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Bunch ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Readout System ◽  
Pulsed Electron Beam ◽  
Silica Glasses ◽  
Electron Bunches ◽  
Pure Silica ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
The Individual

Radiation-induced emission of doped sol-gel silica glass samples was investigated under a pulsed 20-MeV electron beam. The studied samples were drawn rods doped with cerium, copper, or gadolinium ions, which were connected to multimode pure-silica core fibers to transport the induced luminescence from the irradiation area to a signal readout system. The luminescence pulses in the samples induced by the electron bunches were studied as a function of deposited dose per electron bunch. All the investigated samples were found to have a linear response in terms of luminescence as a function of electron bunch sizes between 10−5 Gy/bunch and 1.5×10−2 Gy/bunch. The presented results show that these types of doped silica rods can be used for monitoring a pulsed electron beam, as well as to evaluate the dose deposited by the individual electron bunches. The electron accelerator used in the experiment was a medical type used for radiation therapy treatments, and these silica rod samples show high potential for dosimetry in radiotherapy contexts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document