scholarly journals Assessment of Albumin ECM Accumulation and Inflammation as Novel In Vivo Diagnostic Targets for Multi-Target MR Imaging

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 964
Author(s):  
Jana Möckel ◽  
Julia Brangsch ◽  
Carolin Reimann ◽  
Jan O. Kaufmann ◽  
Ingolf Sack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Signal Loss ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Mri Study

Atherosclerosis is a progressive inflammatory vascular disease characterized by endothelial dysfunction and plaque burden. Extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated plasma proteins play an important role in disease development. Our magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study investigates the feasibility of using two different molecular MRI probes for the simultaneous assessment of ECM-associated intraplaque albumin deposits caused by endothelial damage and progressive inflammation in atherosclerosis. Male apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-)-mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 2 or 4 months. Another ApoE-/--group was treated with pravastatin and received a HFD for 4 months. T1- and T2*-weighted MRI was performed before and after albumin-specific MRI probe (gadofosveset) administration and a macrophage-specific contrast agent (ferumoxytol). Thereafter, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and histology were performed. With advancing atherosclerosis, albumin-based MRI signal enhancement and ferumoxytol-induced signal loss areas in T2*-weighted MRI increased. Significant correlations between contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR) post-gadofosveset and albumin stain (R2 = 0.78, p < 0.05), and signal loss areas in T2*-weighted MRI with Perls’ Prussian blue stain (R2 = 0.83, p < 0.05) were observed. No interference of ferumoxytol with gadofosveset enhancement was detectable. Pravastatin led to decreased inflammation and intraplaque albumin. Multi-target MRI combining ferumoxytol and gadofosveset is a promising method to improve diagnosis and treatment monitoring in atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Lithium administered to pregnant, lactating and neonatal rats: entry into developing brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shene Yi-Shiuan Chiou ◽  
Kai Kysenius ◽  
Yifan Huang ◽  
Mark David Habgood ◽  
Liam M. Koehn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Lithium Treatment ◽  
Developing Brain ◽  
Atpase Inhibitor ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Abstract Background Little is known about the extent of drug entry into developing brain, when administered to pregnant and lactating women. Lithium is commonly prescribed for bipolar disorder. Here we studied transfer of lithium given to dams, into blood, brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in embryonic and postnatal animals as well as adults. Methods Lithium chloride in a clinically relevant dose (3.2 mg/kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally into pregnant (E15–18) and lactating dams (birth-P16/17) or directly into postnatal pups (P0–P16/17). Acute treatment involved a single injection; long-term treatment involved twice daily injections for the duration of the experiment. Following terminal anaesthesia blood plasma, CSF and brains were collected. Lithium levels and brain distribution were measured using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry and total lithium levels were confirmed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. Results Lithium was detected in blood, CSF and brain of all fetal and postnatal pups following lithium treatment of dams. Its concentration in pups’ blood was consistently below that in maternal blood (30–35%) indicating significant protection by the placenta and breast tissue. However, much of the lithium that reached the fetus entered its brain. Levels of lithium in plasma fluctuated in different treatment groups but its concentration in CSF was stable at all ages, in agreement with known stable levels of endogenous ions in CSF. There was no significant increase of lithium transfer into CSF following application of Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitor (digoxin) in vivo, indicating that lithium transfer across choroid plexus epithelium is not likely to be via the Na+/K+ ATPase mechanism, at least early in development. Comparison with passive permeability markers suggested that in acute experiments lithium permeability was less than expected for diffusion but similar in long-term experiments at P2. Conclusions Information obtained on the distribution of lithium in developing brain provides a basis for studying possible deleterious effects on brain development and behaviour in offspring of mothers undergoing lithium therapy.

scholarly journals A preliminary report on bioavailability of Ayurvedic Gold Bhasma with four different accompanying media [anupana]

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 033-044
Author(s):  
Trupti Patil ◽  
Asmita Wele ◽  
Sangram Patil
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Comparative Bioavailability ◽  
Human Participants

Background: Gold bhasma [Swarnabhasma] is a ancient Ayurvedic medicine used for rejuvenation and longevity. This is a preliminary attempt to study the bioavailability of this medicine. Objectives: It was aimed to estimate comparative bioavailability of gold bhasma up to five hours after oral dose with four different anupana. Materials and methods: In this in vivo study, 30 healthy human participants were allocated randomly into five groups having six individuals each. Gold bhasma in 30 mg dose was administered orally with four different anupana viz honey [2.5 gm], black pepper-ghee combination [250 mg and 2.5 gm respectively], lactose [250 mg], glucose [250 mg], and plain to participants in each group. Blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 3 and 5 hours after dose. Gold levels in blood were assessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry [ICP-MS]. Results: Gold levels in all blood samples were in traces. Average Cmax was 0.002333 microgram of gold per liter and Tmax was at 3 hours for honey anupana, showing maximum Cmax among all groups. Conclusions: Preliminary results indicate that bioavailability of gold from gold bhasma may be less than 0.01 % upto first five hours. Gold bhasma mixed with honey resulted in attainment of maximum Cmax. It is evident that accompanying media [anupana] play an important role in absorption of gold bhasma.

scholarly journals A Study of the Composition and Dissolution of Jianshui Purple Pottery in Yunnan, China

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1034
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Heng Xie ◽  
Lei Nie ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Yuanyuan He
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Dissolution Tests ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
History Of ◽  
Composition Changes

Pottery is a gem in the history of human civilization and a crystallization of human wisdom. Yunnan Jianshui purple pottery is one of the four famous types of pottery in China, with a long history and superb craftsmanship. Used as tableware, research on the composition and element dissolution of pottery is extremely significant for production and health. This paper takes Jianshui purple pottery as its research object, samples its raw ores and finished products, and conducts X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry experiments, and dissolution tests. The chemical composition, microstructure, and trace element concentrations of pottery before and after firing were measured. Results show that the dissolution of purple pottery under various use scenarios is low and meets health requirements. Combined with the characteristics of purple pottery, the composition changes and the mechanism of change before and after firing are discussed, which can be used as the theoretical basis for improving pottery production in the future.

Study on Poly(β-Hydroxybutyrate-Co-β-Hydroxyvalerate)/Bioglass Composites as Scaffold for Tissue Engineering

2005 ◽  
Vol 288-289 ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Wu ◽  
Ying Jun Wang ◽  
Yu Dong Zheng ◽  
Zhong Hua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Carbonate Apatite ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Micro Morphology

The porous poly（β-hydroxybutyrate-co-β-hydroxyvalerate）（PHBV）/bioactive glasses （BG） tissue engineering scaffold was prepared in this article. The mineralization behavior of the porous PHBV/BG scaffold was observed in simulated body fluid (SBF). The ion concentration of calcium, silicon and phosphorus in different mineralization periods were tested by inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The formation of the hydroxyl carbonate apatite(HCA) layer on the scaffold surface was confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction(XRD) apparatus. The micro morphology and porosity of the scaffold before and after mineralization were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The in vivo biological evaluation of the porous PHBV/BG scaffolds was carried out by implanting the scaffold into the rat muscle to test the biocompatibility. The in vivo result shows that the composite exhibit good biocompatibility. The porous PHBV/BG scaffold is suitable for tissue engineering.

Biocompatibility of Near-IR Sensitive Au-Based Nanoparticles as the Potential Drug Delivery Carriers

2007 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 1177-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Xiao Li Huang ◽  
Lei Ren ◽  
Qi Qing Zhang ◽  
Mei Chee Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nih3t3 Cells ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Good Biocompatibility

We successfully synthesized near infrared (NIR) sensitive Au(shell)-Au2S(core) nanoparticles, where Au2S dielectric core was encapsulated by a thin gold shell. The cytotoxicity in vitro and biodistribution in vivo of Au-Au2S nanoparticles was studied by using NIH3T3 cells and KM mice, respectively. The quantitative analysis of Au in each tissue of mice was done by using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Au-Au2S nanoparticles (< 300 μg/ml) showed good biocompatibility. Au-Au2S nanoparticles were preferentially taken up by the liver and spleen, and ultimately eliminated mostly in the feces.

scholarly journals Exposure of Macrophages to Low-Dose Gadolinium-Based Contrast Medium: Impact on Oxidative Stress and Cytokines Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Te-I Weng ◽  
Huang Jen Chen ◽  
Chen-Wen Lu ◽  
Yu-Chin Ho ◽  
Jia-Lun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Human Macrophage ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Gadolinium Retention ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate

The toxicity of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) has drawn a lot of attention. Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), a lethal disease related to the use of GBCAs, is still not understood. Recently, gadolinium retention is found in brain tissues after repeated use of GBCAs in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, most of the works investigating the toxicity of GBCAs are focusing on its high-concentration (0.5–10 mM) part, which is not reflective of the physiological conditions in human beings. Macrophages play a regulatory role in immune responses and are responsible for the fibrosis process. Their role in gadolinium retention and the pathogenesis of NSF, however, has seldom been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the immune response generated by macrophages (RAW 264.7) exposing to low levels of GBCAs. The incubation concentration of GBCAs, including Omniscan®, Primovist®, Magnevist®, and Gadovist®, is proportional to the level of gadolinium uptake when detected via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and imaged by MRI, whereas Primovist® treatment groups have highest gadolinium uptake among all of the tested concentrations. Low-concentration (2.5 μmol/L) Gd chloride or GBCAs exposure promoted the reactive production of oxygen species (ROS), nitrate/nitrite, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and suppressed the potential of mitochondrial membrane. There was higher ROS, nitrate/nitrite, and PGE2 production in the Primovist®, Omniscan®, and Magnevist® groups compared to the Gadovist® group. In face of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, Primovist®, Omniscan®, and Magnevist® groups exhibited elevated nitrite/nitrate and suppressed IL-1β secretion and IL-6 and IL-10 secretion. Moreover, upon LPS stimulation, there is decreased TNF-α secretion 4 hours after Primovist® or Omiscan® exposure but the TNF-α secretion increased at 24 hours. Our data suggest that there is upregulated inflammation even in the presence of low levels of GBCAs, even similar to the physiological condition in murine macrophage. Further investigation of GBCAs on the human macrophage or in vivo animal study may clarify the role of macrophage on the pathogenesis of NSF and other GBCAs-related disease.

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