scholarly journals Hypothermic Effect of Acute Citral Treatment during LPS-induced Systemic Inflammation in Obese Mice: Reduction of Serum TNF-α and Leptin Levels

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1454
Author(s):  
Maycon T. Emílio-Silva ◽  
Vinicius P. Rodrigues ◽  
Gabriela Bueno ◽  
Rie Ohara ◽  
Marina G. Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Hypothermic Effect ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Biochemical Measurements ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Citral is a mixture of monoterpenes present in the essential oil of several plants, such as Cymbopogon citratus and Zingiber officinale, possessing anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcerogenic, and antipyretic actions. We investigated the action of citral on body temperature (Tb) and inflammatory signaling in eutrophic and obese mice during Systemic Inflammation (SI) induced by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Thus, we assessed the effect of citral (25, 100, and 300 mg/kg) and ibuprofen in LPS-induced SI in Swiss male mice fed a standard diet (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Following SI induction, we measured Tb and collected the serum, hypothalamus, and gastric mucosa for biochemical measurements. Acute treatment with citral decreased the Tb of both SD and HFD-fed animals. Citral (300 mg/kg) treatment caused a significantly lower Tb variation in HFD-fed animals than in those fed the SD. Citral reduced peripheral levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in SD and HFD mice and decreased serum leptin concentration in HFD mice 90 min after the LPS challenge. Furthermore, citral also reduced interleukin (IL)-6 levels in the hypothalamus of obese mice. In summary, citral effectively reduced Tb during SI by reducing inflammatory mediators with a distinct action profile in HFD mice when compared with SD.

scholarly journals Etanercept Ameliorates Cardiac Fibrosis in Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Chia-Chen Hsu ◽  
Yingxiao Li ◽  
Chao-Tien Hsu ◽  
Juei-Tang Cheng ◽  
Mang Hung Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Etanercept Treatment ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Diet-induced obesity (DIO) is considered the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Increases in the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is associated with DIO. Etanercept, a TNF-α inhibitor, has been shown to alleviate cardiac hypertrophy. To investigate the effect of etanercept on cardiac fibrosis in DIO model, rats on high fat diet (HFD) were subdivided into two groups: the etanercept group and vehicle group. Cardiac injury was identified by classic methods, while fibrosis was characterized by histological analysis of the hearts. Etanercept treatment at 0.8 mg/kg/week twice weekly by subcutaneous injection effectively alleviates the cardiac fibrosis in HFD-fed rats. STAT3 activation seems to be induced in parallel with fibrosis-related gene expression in the hearts of HFD-fed rats. Decreased STAT3 activation plays a role in the etanercept-treated animals. Moreover, fibrosis-related genes are activated by palmitate in parallel with STAT3 activation in H9c2 cells. Etanercept may inhibit the effects of palmitate, but it is less effective than a direct inhibitor of STAT3. Direct inhibition of STAT3 activation by etanercept seems unlikely. Etanercept has the ability to ameliorate cardiac fibrosis through reduction of STAT3 activation after the inhibition of TNF-α and/or its receptor.

scholarly journals Lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) Peptide Prevents Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lemus-Conejo ◽  
Elena Grao-Cruces ◽  
Rocio Toscano ◽  
Lourdes M Varela ◽  
Carmen Claro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Bioactive peptides are related to the prevention and treatment of many diseases. GPETAFLR is an octapeptide which was isolated from lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and showed anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential activity of GPETAFLR to prevent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard diet or an HFD. Two of the groups fed the HFD diet were treated with GPETAFLR in their drinking water at 0,5 mg/kg/d or 1 mg/kg/d. To determine the ability of GPETAFLR to improve the onset and progression of NAFLD, histological studies, hepatic enzyme profile, inflammatory cytokine and lipid metabolism-related genes and proteins were analyzed. Our results suggest that HFD-induced inflammatory metabolic disorders were alleviated by treatment with GPETAFLR. In conclusion, dietary lupine consumption could repair HFD-induced hepatic damage, possibly via modifications in the liver’s lipid signalling pathways.

Pterostilbene Ameliorates Nephropathy Injury in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Pharmacology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Shaoyu Ren ◽  
Ying Ji ◽  
Yafeng Liang
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Different Doses

Background: Our study investigated the therapeutic role and potential mechanisms of pterostilbene (PS) in diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats. Methods: DN models were established by high-fat diet after streptozotocin injection. A total of 50 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, DN, PS-treated groups (PS-H, PS-M, PS-L). PS was administered to rats by gavage for 8 weeks at 3 different doses (25, 10, and 5 mg/kg/day). The levels of oxidative stress activity (superoxide dismutase [SOD], malondialdehyde [MDA], glutathione peroxidase [GSH-PX]) and inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, monocyte chemoattractant factor [MCP]-1) were detected by ­ELISA. TGF-β, Smad1, and fibronectin (FN) were measured through immunohistochemistry. The relative expressions of phospho-IκBα/IκBα, phospho-IκB kinases (IKK)β/IKKβ, phospho-nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65/NF-κB p65 were detected by western blot. Results: Compared with DN group, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1 were decreased in the PS-H group (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the levels of SOD, MDA, GSH-PX improved in kidney and serum in PS-H groups (p< 0.05). PS also significantly decreased the level of phospho-NF-κB p65 and increased the levels of phospho- IKKβ and phospho-Iκ-Bα (p < 0.05). The results showed that PS treatment decreased TGF-β, Smad1, and FN expressions. Conclusion: PS had potential therapeutic effects on DN, which may be related to the regulation of NF-κB pathway.

TNF-α Upregulates Sclerostin Expression in Obese Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

2014 ◽  
Vol 229 (5) ◽  
pp. 640-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyunghwa Baek ◽  
Hyo Rin Hwang ◽  
Hyun-Jung Park ◽  
Arang Kwon ◽  
Abdul S. Qadir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tnf Α

Anti-Inflammatory and Autonomic Effects of Electroacupuncture in a Rat Model of Diet-Induced Obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Jie ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Jian-Qing Song ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Jian-Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Normal Food ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Objective To study the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) by measurement of vagal activity in rats with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Methods Diet-induced obesity (DIO) was induced in 30 rats by feeding them a HFD for 12 weeks. A further 10 rats fed normal food comprised the lean diet (LD) control group. DIO rats were further subdivided into three groups that received a HFD only (HFD group, n=10), a HFD plus electroacupuncture (HFD+EA group, n=10) or a HFD plus minimal acupuncture (HFD+MA group, n=10). EA and MA treatments were continued for 8 weeks. Heart rate variability (HRV) was used to measure the function of the autonomic nervous system before and after treatment. ELISA was used to determine acetylcholine (ACh) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in the serum. Real-time PCR was used to assess the mRNA expression of α7-subtype nicotinic acetylcholine cholinergic receptors (α7nAChRs) and TNF-α in the mesenteric white adipose tissues (MWAT). Results EA but not MA significantly reduced rats’ bodyweight. No difference was found in the low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and the balance between LF and HF (LF/HF) components of HRV before treatment. After the EA intervention, HF was elevated and LF/HF was reduced in the HFD+EA group comparedwith the HFD group. TNF-α in the serum and MWAT were increased in the HFD group, but were reduced in the HFD+EA group. Furthermore, EA promoted expression of α7nAChRs and ACh in the MWAT. There was no difference between the HFD and HFD+MA groups for any indices. Conclusions EA enhanced vagal activity, promoted ACh release and activated α7nAChRs in the MWAT, leading to inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production.

scholarly journals The Genetic Ablation of TNF-α Attenuates Wnt-Signaling and Adiposity in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Jinchao ◽  
Kim Susan ◽  
Yu Seok-Yeong ◽  
Tang Ying ◽  
Kim Young-Cheul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Tnf Α

scholarly journals Blockade of angiotensin-converting enzyme or tumor necrosis factor-α reverses maternal high-fat diet-induced sensitization of angiotensin II hypertension in male rat offspring

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (2) ◽  
pp. R351-R359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Fang Wang ◽  
Jian-Dong Li ◽  
Yan-Li Huo ◽  
Yu-Ping Zhang ◽  
Zhi-Qin Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Α ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) is associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases in adult offspring. Our previous study demonstrated that maternal HFD enhances pressor responses to ANG II or a proinflammatory cytokine (PIC), which is associated with increased expression of brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components and PICs in adult offspring. The present study further investigated whether inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) blocks sensitization of ANG II hypertension in offspring of HFD dams. All offspring were bred from dams with normal fat diet (NFD) or HFD starting two weeks before mating and maintained until weaning of the offspring. Then the weaned offspring were treated with an ACE inhibitor (captopril) or a TNF-α inhibitor (pentoxifylline) in the drinking water through the end of testing with a slow-pressor dose of ANG II. RT-PCR analyses of the lamina terminalis and paraventricular nucleus revealed upregulation of mRNA expression of several RAS components and PICs in male offspring of HFD dams when compared with age-matched offspring of NFD dams. The enhanced gene expression was attenuated by blockade of either RAS or PICs. Likewise, ANG II administration produced an augmented pressor response in offspring of HFD dams. This was abolished by either ACE or TNF-α inhibitor. Taken together, this study provides mechanistic evidence and a therapeutic strategy that systemic inhibition of the RAS and PICs can block maternal HFD-induced sensitization of ANG II hypertension, which is associated with attenuation of brain RAS and PIC expression in offspring.

scholarly journals Scrutinizing Mechanisms of the ‘Obesity Paradox in Sepsis’: Obesity Is Accompanied by Diminished Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Due to Restricted Neutrophil–Platelet Interactions

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Iwona Cichon ◽  
Weronika Ortmann ◽  
Michal Santocki ◽  
Malgorzata Opydo-Chanek ◽  
Elzbieta Kolaczkowska
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Obesity Paradox ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Interleukin 33 ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Chemokine Receptor Cxcr2

Systemic inflammation is a detrimental condition associated with high mortality. However, obese individuals seem to have higher chances of surviving sepsis. To elucidate what immunological differences exist between obese and lean individuals we studied the course of endotoxemia in mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) and ob/ob animals. Intravital microscopy revealed that neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in liver vasculature is negligible in obese mice in sharp contrast to their lean counterparts (ND). Unlike in lean individuals, neutrophil influx is not driven by leptin or interleukin 33 (IL-33), nor occurs via a chemokine receptor CXCR2. In obese mice less platelets interact with neutrophils forming less aggregates. Platelets transfer from ND to HFD mice partially restores NET formation, and even further so upon P-selectin blockage on them. The study reveals that in obesity the overexaggerated inflammation and NET formation are limited during sepsis due to dysfunctional platelets suggesting their targeting as a therapeutic tool in systemic inflammation.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory effect of melatonin supplementation in experimental diabetes

Pharmacia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
Yana I. Ivankiv ◽  
Oleksandra M. Oleshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Immune Reactivity ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Experimental Type ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Aim: To investigate the effect of melatonin on the immunomodulatory response in experimental type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Experiments were performed on male rats (180–200 g), purchased from the Experimental Animal Holding,. Animals were maintained in standard diet conditions. Two pathological states were simulated on male rats: experimental type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Melatonin was introduced from 14 to 23 days of experiment intraperitoneally. Levels of immunoglobulin classes A, M and G (Ig A, M, G), circulating immune complexes (CIC), interleukin 1β (EE), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a) were measured. Results: We demonstrated that melatonin in case of immune hyperactivity, can, provide a suppressive effect and is able to enhance immune reactivity under conditions of its limitation, indicating the immunostimulating activity. Furthermore, we found that administration of melatonin decreased inflammatory responses by mediating the levels of immunomodulatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Conclusion: Melatonin is a positive regulator of immune system, may be a potential therapeutic agent, it has no reported side effects.

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