scholarly journals Impact of Selenium on Biomarkers and Clinical Aspects Related to Ageing. A Review

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1478
Author(s):  
Urban Alehagen ◽  
Trine B. Opstad ◽  
Jan Alexander ◽  
Anders Larsson ◽  
Jan Aaseth
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Methionine Sulfoxide ◽  
Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase ◽  
Misfolded Proteins ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Telomere Attrition ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidases ◽  
Age Related

Selenium (Se) is an essential dietary trace element that plays an important role in the prevention of inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, infections, and cancer. Selenoproteins contain selenocysteine in the active center and include, i.e., the enzymes thioredoxin reductases (TXNRD1–3), glutathione peroxidases (GPX1–4 and GPX6) and methionine sulfoxide reductase, involved in immune functions, metabolic homeostasis, and antioxidant defense. Ageing is an inevitable process, which, i.e., involves an imbalance between antioxidative defense and reactive oxygen species (ROS), changes in protein and mitochondrial renewal, telomere attrition, cellular senescence, epigenetic alterations, and stem cell exhaustion. These conditions are associated with mild to moderate inflammation, which always accompanies the process of ageing and age-related diseases. In older individuals, Se, by being a component in protective enzymes, operates by decreasing ROS-mediated inflammation, removing misfolded proteins, decreasing DNA damage, and promoting telomere length. Se-dependent GPX1–4 and TXNRD1–3 directly suppress oxidative stress. Selenoprotein H in the cell nucleus protects DNA, and selenoproteins residing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) assist in the removal of misfolded proteins and protection against ER stress. In this review, we highlight the role of adequate Se status for human ageing and prevention of age-related diseases, and further its proposed role in preservation of telomere length in middle-aged and elderly individuals.

scholarly journals Decline in rates of clearance of IgG-sensitized erythrocytes with increasing age

Blood ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1726-1730
Author(s):  
KA Melez ◽  
LF Fries ◽  
BS Bender ◽  
T Quinn ◽  
MM Frank
Keyword(s):  
Aging Process ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Macrophage Function ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Male Subjects

Decreased immune functions have been suggested as a cause for the increased incidence of autoimmunity, malignancy, and infection in the elderly population. To assess the possible role of changes in macrophage function in the aging process we studied the Fc receptor- mediated clearance of IgG-coated erythrocytes in 56 healthy normal volunteers by following the removal of radiolabeled autologous erythrocytes. An age-related decrease in Fc-mediated clearance rates in both female and male subjects was found, which suggests a physiological decline of this macrophage function in older individuals.

scholarly journals Telomere length and age-dependent telomere attrition: the blood-and-muscle model

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirna N. Chahine ◽  
Simon Toupance ◽  
Sandy El-Hakim ◽  
Carlos Labat ◽  
Sylvie Gautier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Muscle Model ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Telomere Attrition ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

Short telomere length (TL) is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) and other age-related diseases. It is unclear whether these associations originate from having inherently short TL or a faster TL attrition before or during disease development. We proposed the blood-and-muscle model to assess TL dynamics throughout life course. Our objective was to measure TL in leukocytes (LTL) and in skeletal muscle (MTL), which served as a proxy of TL at birth. The delta (MTL–LTL) represented life-long telomere attrition. Blood draws and skeletal muscle biopsies were performed on 35 Lebanese individuals undergoing surgery. Following DNA extraction, LTL and MTL were measured by Southern blot. In every individual aged between 30 and 85 years, MTL was longer than LTL. With age, MTL and LTL decreased, but the delta (MTL–LTL) increased by 14 bp/year. We validated the blood-and-muscle model that allowed us to identify TL, TL at birth, and lifelong TL attrition in a cross-sectional study. This model can be used in larger cross-sectional studies to evaluate the association of telomere dynamics with age-related diseases onset and progression.

scholarly journals Telomeres and Longevity: A Cause or an Effect?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huda Adwan Shekhidem ◽  
Lital Sharvit ◽  
Eva Leman ◽  
Irena Manov ◽  
Asael Roichman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Telomere Attrition ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Mole Rat ◽  
Naked Mole Rat ◽  
Extreme Longevity ◽  
Linear Chromosomes ◽  
Biological State

Telomere dynamics have been found to be better predictors of survival and mortality than chronological age. Telomeres, the caps that protect the end of linear chromosomes, are known to shorten with age, inducing cell senescence and aging. Furthermore, differences in age-related telomere attrition were established between short-lived and long-lived organisms. However, whether telomere length is a “biological thermometer” that reflects the biological state at a certain point in life or a biomarker that can influence biological conditions, delay senescence and promote longevity is still an ongoing debate. We cross-sectionally tested telomere length in different tissues of two long-lived (naked mole-rat and Spalax) and two short-lived (rat and mice) species to tease out this enigma. While blood telomere length of the naked mole-rat (NMR) did not shorten with age but rather showed a mild elongation, telomere length in three tissues tested in the Spalax declined with age, just like in short-lived rodents. These findings in the NMR, suggest an age buffering mechanism, while in Spalax tissues the shortening of the telomeres are in spite of its extreme longevity traits. Therefore, using long-lived species as models for understanding the role of telomeres in longevity is of great importance since they may encompass mechanisms that postpone aging.

scholarly journals Telomere Length as a Marker of Biological Age: State-of-the-Art, Open Issues, and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Vaiserman ◽  
Dmytro Krasnienkov
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Epigenetic Clock ◽  
Telomere Attrition ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Biomarkers Of Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Research Findings

Telomere shortening is a well-known hallmark of both cellular senescence and organismal aging. An accelerated rate of telomere attrition is also a common feature of age-related diseases. Therefore, telomere length (TL) has been recognized for a long time as one of the best biomarkers of aging. Recent research findings, however, indicate that TL per se can only allow a rough estimate of aging rate and can hardly be regarded as a clinically important risk marker for age-related pathologies and mortality. Evidence is obtained that other indicators such as certain immune parameters, indices of epigenetic age, etc., could be stronger predictors of the health status and the risk of chronic disease. However, despite these issues and limitations, TL remains to be very informative marker in accessing the biological age when used along with other markers such as indices of homeostatic dysregulation, frailty index, epigenetic clock, etc. This review article is aimed at describing the current state of the art in the field and at discussing recent research findings and divergent viewpoints regarding the usefulness of leukocyte TL for estimating the human biological age.

scholarly journals Selenoproteins and cardiovascular stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (03) ◽  
pp. 494-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron H. Rose ◽  
Peter Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Hypertrophy ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Methionine Sulfoxide ◽  
Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase ◽  
Keshan Disease ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidases ◽  
Cardiovascular Stress ◽  
Ischaemia Reperfusion ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Thioredoxin Reductases

SummaryDietary selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient that exerts its biological effects through its incorporation into selenoproteins. This family of proteins contains several antioxidant enzymes such as the glutathione peroxidases, redox-regulating enzymes such as thioredoxin reductases, a methionine sulfoxide reductase, and others. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of the roles these seleno proteins play in protecting the cardiovascular system from different types of stress including ischaemia-reperfusion, homocysteine dysregulation, myocardial hypertrophy, doxirubicin toxicity, Keshan disease, and others.

scholarly journals Decline in rates of clearance of IgG-sensitized erythrocytes with increasing age

Blood ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1726-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Melez ◽  
LF Fries ◽  
BS Bender ◽  
T Quinn ◽  
MM Frank
Keyword(s):  
Aging Process ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Macrophage Function ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Male Subjects

Abstract Decreased immune functions have been suggested as a cause for the increased incidence of autoimmunity, malignancy, and infection in the elderly population. To assess the possible role of changes in macrophage function in the aging process we studied the Fc receptor- mediated clearance of IgG-coated erythrocytes in 56 healthy normal volunteers by following the removal of radiolabeled autologous erythrocytes. An age-related decrease in Fc-mediated clearance rates in both female and male subjects was found, which suggests a physiological decline of this macrophage function in older individuals.

scholarly journals An NMR-based biosensor to measure stereo-specific methionine sulfoxide reductase (MSR) activities in vitro and in vivo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Sánchez-López ◽  
Natalia Labadie ◽  
Verónica A. Lombardo ◽  
Franco A. Biglione ◽  
Bruno Manta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methionine Sulfoxide ◽  
Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase ◽  
Substrate Specificities ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Native Cell ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Sensitive Tool ◽  
Single Reaction

AbstractOxidation of protein methionines to methionine-sulfoxides (MetOx) is associated with several age-related diseases. In healthy cells, MetOx is reduced to methionine by two families of conserved methionine sulfoxide reductase enzymes, MSRA and MSRB that specifically target the S- or R-diastereoisomers of methionine-sulfoxides, respectively. To directly interrogate MSRA and MSRB functions in cellular settings, we developed an NMR-based biosensor that we call CarMetOx to simultaneously measure both enzyme activities in single reaction setups. We demonstrate the suitability of our strategy to delineate MSR functions in complex biological environments that range from native cell lysates to zebrafish embryos. Thereby, we establish differences in substrate specificities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic MSRs and introduce CarMetOx as a highly sensitive tool for studying therapeutic targets of oxidative stress-related human diseases and redox regulated signaling pathways. Our approach further extends high-resolution in-cell NMR measurements of exogenously delivered biomolecules to an entire multicellular organism.

scholarly journals Telomere Length and the Transition to Family Caregiving in the REGARDS Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 818-819
Author(s):  
William Haley ◽  
Nicole Armstrong ◽  
Ryan Irvin ◽  
Marcela Blinka ◽  
Rasika Mathias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Length Change ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Telomere Attrition ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Regards Study

Abstract An increase in life expectancy and an aging population has resulted in increased risks and prevalence of age-related diseases. Previous studies have shown that factors, such as chronic stress, are associated with shorter telomere length. When telomeres become critically short, cells enter a state of senescence, which is a hallmark of aging. Several prior studies examining the relationship between caregiving and telomere length have reported mixed results. The present study utilized data from the Caregiving Transitions Study, an ancillary study to the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. The difference in telomere length across an average ~8.6 years was compared between 235 incident caregivers and 229 controls. Telomere length was determined using the qPCR telomere-to-single copy gene (IFNB1) ratio (T/S) for each participant at both baseline and follow-up timepoints. Regression models controlling for age, sex, race, and baseline telomere length examined the association between caregiving status (exposure) and the telomere length change (□T/S). Sensitivity models adjusted for potential lifestyle and socioeconomic factors, including income, education, BMI, cigarette smoking, and alcohol use. We did not observe a significant association between □T/S and caregiving (beta=0.041, p=0.615). Adding lifestyle and socioeconomic factors did not change the null relationship (beta=0.062, p=0.455). In conclusion, this study provides evidence against an association between caregiving and the change in telomere length. Ultimately, more research to address the complex relationship between caregiving and telomere attrition is needed in order to prevent or reduce adverse outcomes and improve the well-being of caregivers and care recipients.

scholarly journals Smoking does not accelerate leucocyte telomere attrition: a meta-analysis of 18 longitudinal cohorts

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 190420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Bateson ◽  
Abraham Aviv ◽  
Laila Bendix ◽  
Athanase Benetos ◽  
Yoav Ben-Shlomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Telomere Attrition ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Telomere Dynamics

Smoking is associated with shorter leucocyte telomere length (LTL), a biomarker of increased morbidity and reduced longevity. This association is widely interpreted as evidence that smoking causes accelerated LTL attrition in adulthood, but the evidence for this is inconsistent. We analysed the association between smoking and LTL dynamics in 18 longitudinal cohorts. The dataset included data from 12 579 adults (4678 current smokers and 7901 non-smokers) over a mean follow-up interval of 8.6 years. Meta-analysis confirmed a cross-sectional difference in LTL between smokers and non-smokers, with mean LTL 84.61 bp shorter in smokers (95% CI: 22.62 to 146.61). However, LTL attrition was only 0.51 bp yr −1 faster in smokers than in non-smokers (95% CI: −2.09 to 1.08), a difference that equates to only 1.32% of the estimated age-related loss of 38.33 bp yr −1 . Assuming a linear effect of smoking, 167 years of smoking would be required to generate the observed cross-sectional difference in LTL. Therefore, the difference in LTL between smokers and non-smokers is extremely unlikely to be explained by a linear, causal effect of smoking. Selective adoption, whereby individuals with short telomeres are more likely to start smoking, needs to be considered as a more plausible explanation for the observed pattern of telomere dynamics.

scholarly journals Telomeres and Telomere Length: A General Overview

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalini Srinivas ◽  
Sivaramakrishna Rachakonda ◽  
Rajiv Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Replicative Senescence ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Telomere Attrition ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

Telomeres are highly conserved tandem nucleotide repeats that include proximal double-stranded and distal single-stranded regions that in complex with shelterin proteins afford protection at chromosomal ends to maintain genomic integrity. Due to the inherent limitations of DNA replication and telomerase suppression in most somatic cells, telomeres undergo age-dependent incremental attrition. Short or dysfunctional telomeres are recognized as DNA double-stranded breaks, triggering cells to undergo replicative senescence. Telomere shortening, therefore, acts as a counting mechanism that drives replicative senescence by limiting the mitotic potential of cells. Telomere length, a complex hereditary trait, is associated with aging and age-related diseases. Epidemiological data, in general, support an association with varying magnitudes between constitutive telomere length and several disorders, including cancers. Telomere attrition is also influenced by oxidative damage and replicative stress caused by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms at different loci, identified through genome-wide association studies, influence inter-individual variation in telomere length. In addition to genetic factors, environmental factors also influence telomere length during growth and development. Telomeres hold potential as biomarkers that reflect the genetic predisposition together with the impact of environmental conditions and as targets for anti-cancer therapies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document