scholarly journals Gangliosides: The Double-Edge Sword of Neuro-Ectodermal Derived Tumors

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumeyye Cavdarli ◽  
Sophie Groux-Degroote ◽  
Philippe Delannoy
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Receptors ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Double Edge ◽  
Double Edge Sword ◽  
Raft Domains ◽  
Ganglioside Expression

Gangliosides, the glycosphingolipids carrying one or several sialic acid residues, are mostly localized at the plasma membrane in lipid raft domains and implicated in many cellular signaling pathways mostly by interacting with tyrosine kinase receptors. Gangliosides are divided into four series according to the number of sialic acid residues, which can be also modified by O-acetylation. Both ganglioside expression and sialic acid modifications can be modified in pathological conditions such as cancer, which can induce either pro-cancerous or anti-cancerous effects. In this review, we summarize the specific functions of gangliosides in neuro-ectodermal derived tumors, and their roles in reprogramming the lipidomic profile of cell membrane occurring with the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

scholarly journals Tackle Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition With Epigenetic Drugs in Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Dong ◽  
Zhaoping Qiu ◽  
Yadi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Differentiation Process ◽  
Epigenetic Drugs ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Histone Modifiers ◽  
Cancer Tumor

Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a de-differentiation process in which epithelial cells lose their epithelial properties to acquire mesenchymal features. EMT is essential for embryogenesis and wound healing but is aberrantly activated in pathological conditions like fibrosis and cancer. Tumor-associated EMT contributes to cancer cell initiation, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance and recurrence. This dynamic and reversible event is governed by EMT-transcription factors (EMT-TFs) with epigenetic complexes. In this review, we discuss recent advances regarding the mechanisms that modulate EMT in the context of epigenetic regulation, with emphasis on epigenetic drugs, such as DNA demethylating reagents, inhibitors of histone modifiers and non-coding RNA medication. Therapeutic contributions that improve epigenetic regulation of EMT will translate the clinical manifestation as treating cancer progression more efficiently.

scholarly journals Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions in Embryogenesis and Head and Neck Tumors

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Lekshmy Jayan ◽  
R. Bharanidharan ◽  
Ramya Ramdas
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Neck Tumors ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Organ Systems

Epithelial mesenchymal interactions are one of the most important process taking place in the body. It is an indispensable mechanism that mediates the development of numerous organs and organ systems especially tooth, salivary gland etc. It has been long implicated in the causation of numerous pathogenic processes especially cancer. The mechanism of epithelial mesenchymal interactions are a forerunner for epithelial mesenchymal transition, which is an important pathological process in the development of cancer. In this review, we have highlighted the role of epithelial mesenchymal interactions in normal embryogenesis as well in numerous pathological conditions.

scholarly journals Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions in Embryogenesis and Head and Neck Tumors

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Lekshmy Jayan
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Neck Tumors ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Organ Systems

Epithelial mesenchymal interactions are one of the most important process taking place in the body. It is an indispensable mechanism that mediates the development of numerous organs and organ systems especially tooth, salivary gland etc. It has been long implicated in the causation of numerous pathogenic processes especially cancer. The mechanism of epithelial mesenchymal interactions are a forerunner for epithelial mesenchymal transition, which is an important pathological process in the development of cancer. In this review, we have highlighted the role of epithelial mesenchymal interactions in normal embryogenesis as well in numerous pathological conditions.

scholarly journals Extracellular Interactions between Fibulins and Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β in Physiological and Pathological Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Tsuda
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Pathological Conditions

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional peptide growth factor that has a vital role in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, inflammation, and repair in a variety of tissues, and its dysregulation mediates a number of pathological conditions including fibrotic disorders, chronic inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer progression. Regulation of TGF-β signaling is multifold, but one critical site of regulation is via interaction with certain extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironments, as TGF-β is primarily secreted as a biologically inactive form sequestrated into ECM. Several ECM proteins are known to modulate TGF-β signaling via cell–matrix interactions, including thrombospondins, SPARC (Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cystein), tenascins, osteopontin, periostin, and fibulins. Fibulin family members consist of eight ECM glycoproteins characterized by a tandem array of calcium-binding epidermal growth factor-like modules and a common C-terminal domain. Fibulins not only participate in structural integrity of basement membrane and elastic fibers, but also serve as mediators for cellular processes and tissue remodeling as they are highly upregulated during embryonic development and certain disease processes, especially at the sites of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Emerging studies have indicated a close relationship between fibulins and TGF-β signaling, but each fibulin plays a different role in a context-dependent manner. In this review, regulatory interactions between fibulins and TGF-β signaling are discussed. Understanding biological roles of fibulins in TGF-β regulation may introduce new insights into the pathogenesis of some human diseases.

Caveolin-1, galectin-3 and lipid raft domains in cancer cell signalling

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 189-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Shankar ◽  
Cecile Boscher ◽  
Ivan R. Nabi
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Lipid Rafts ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Coated Pits ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Raft Domains

Spatial organization of the plasma membrane is an essential feature of the cellular response to external stimuli. Receptor organization at the cell surface mediates transmission of extracellular stimuli to intracellular signalling molecules and effectors that impact various cellular processes including cell differentiation, metabolism, growth, migration and apoptosis. Membrane domains include morphologically distinct plasma membrane invaginations such as clathrin-coated pits and caveolae, but also less well-defined domains such as lipid rafts and the galectin lattice. In the present chapter, we will discuss interaction between caveolae, lipid rafts and the galectin lattice in the control of cancer cell signalling.

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