scholarly journals Establishment of a Patient-Derived Xenograft Model of Colorectal Cancer in CIEA NOG Mice and Exploring Smartfish Liquid Diet as a Source of Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Helle Samdal ◽  
Lene C Olsen ◽  
Knut S Grøn ◽  
Elin S Røyset ◽  
Therese S Høiem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Liquid Diet ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pdx Model ◽  
Nog Mice

Cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) better preserve tumor characteristics and microenvironment than traditional cancer cell line derived xenografts and are becoming a valuable model in translational cancer research and personalized medicine. We have established a PDX model for colorectal cancer (CRC) in CIEA NOG mice with a 50% engraftment rate. Tumor fragments from patients with CRC (n = 5) were engrafted in four mice per tumor (n = 20). Mice with established PDXs received a liquid diet enriched with fish oil or placebo, and fatty acid profiling was performed to measure fatty acid content in whole blood. Moreover, a biobank consisting of tissue and blood samples from patients was established. Histology, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization procedures were used for staining of tumor and xenograft tissue slides. Results demonstrate that key histological characteristics of the patients’ tumors were retained in the established PDXs, and the liquid diets were consumed as intended by the mice. Some of the older mice developed lymphomas that originated from human Ki67+, CD45+, and EBV+ lymphoid cells. We present a detailed description of the process and methodology, as well as possible issues that may arise, to refine the method and improve PDX engraftment rate for future studies. The established PDX model for CRC can be used for exploring different cancer treatment regimes, and liquid diets enriched with fish oil may be successfully delivered to the mice through the drinking flasks.

scholarly journals Extraction of Omega-3 Fatty Acid from Jade Perch (Scortum barcoo) Using Enzymatic Hydrolysis Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Nur Izzati Iberahim ◽  
Yee Chee Hann ◽  
Zainab Hamzah ◽  
Khairunissa Syairah Ahmad Sohaimi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Peroxide Value ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Candida Rugosa ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid

Extraction of omega-3 fatty acid from Jade Perch (Scortum barcoo) using enzymatic hydrolysis techniques are expected to be more economically possible techniques due to the uses of the enzyme with the characteristic of environmentally friendly, reusable and less energy required during large-scale production. Design of Experiments (DOE) was used to study the effect of process parameters such as the concentration of alcalase (0.5–1.5%), temperature (50–70 °C) and pH (6.5–8.5) towards the yield of oil. The findings showed 16.55% of oil yield was extracted from the jade perch under an optimum condition at 50 °C, 6.5 pH with 0.5% of enzyme concentration for 2 h incubation time. The fish oil was then undergone enzymatic concentration of omega-3 FA using lipase from Candida rugosa. The acid value and peroxide value of the fish oil was 71.422 mg KOH/g and 0.799 meq/kg, while the acid and peroxide value of the omega-3 concentrated oil was lower to 49.074 mg KOH/g and 0.399 meq/kg. The FTIR spectrum showed the presence of C–H stretch, =C–H stretch and C=O stretch bond justified the existence of lipids as it presents of alkanes, alkene, and carboxylic acids functional group. At the same time, GC-MS analysis showed the fish oil contains higher total PUFA content and omega-3 fatty acid content than omega-3 concentrated oil.

scholarly journals Δ 6-desaturase activity in liver microsomes of rats fed diets enriched with cholesterol and/or ω3 fatty acids

1988 ◽  
Vol 249 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
M L Garg ◽  
E Sebokova ◽  
A B R Thomson ◽  
M T Clandinin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
3 Omega

The effect of feeding semipurified diets enriched in linseed (rich in C18:3, omega 3 fatty acid) or fish (rich in C20:5, omega 3 and C22:6, omega 3 fatty acid) oil with and without cholesterol supplementation on the desaturation of linoleic acid (C18:2, omega 6) by rat liver microsomal fractions was investigated. Animals fed diets supplemented with beef tallow were used as equal-energy controls. Both linseed-oil and fish-oil diets, without added cholesterol, decrease conversion of C18:2, omega 6 fatty acid to gamma-linolenic acid (C18:3, omega 6). Reduction in delta 6-desaturation was significantly greater for animals fed the diet containing fish oil than with animals fed the linseed-oil diet. The major effect of cholesterol supplementation was to decrease the rate of desaturation of C18:2, omega 6, when fed in combination with the beef-tallow diet, whereas delta 6-desaturation was unaffected when cholesterol was fed along with diets high in omega 3 fatty acids (linseed oil or fish oil). The activity of the delta 6-desaturase in vitro is consistent with the fatty acid composition observed for the microsomal membranes on which this enzyme is localized. Dietary linseed oil and fish oil lowered the arachidonic (C20:4, omega 6) acid content of rat liver microsomes, with an accompanying increase in membrane eicosapentaenoic (C20:5, omega 3) and docosahexaenoic (C22:6, omega 3) acid content, in comparison with the group fed beef tallow. Inclusion of cholesterol into the beef-tallow or linseed-oil diets resulted in decreased membrane C20:4, omega 6-fatty-acid content, with concomitant increase in C18:2, omega 6-fatty-acid content. However, addition of cholesterol to the fish-oil diet did not alter the microsomal membrane content of C20:4, omega 6 fatty acid. Thus it is suggested that (1) the decrease in prostaglandin E2, thromboxane and prostacyclin levels generally observed after fish-oil consumption may be at least partly due to inhibition of C20:4, omega 6-fatty-acid synthesis from C18:2, omega 6 fatty acid; and (2) consumption of fish oil prevents the further decrease in C20:4, omega 6-fatty-acid levels by dietary cholesterol that is apparent when cholesterol is fed in combination with diets high in saturated fat or C18:3, omega 3 fatty acid.

scholarly journals THE CONTENT OF FATTY ACIDS IN INDONESIA’S FISH OIL

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra T Maulana ◽  
Sukraso Sukraso ◽  
Sophi Damayanti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Buffer Size ◽  
Fish Oils ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Peroxide Values

<p>Study of fatty acid content was conducted in six Indonesian fish oils taken from Surabaya, Sorong, Garut, Banyuwangi, and  fish oil standard. The acid and peroxide values were a main parameters which affecting the quality of the fish oil. These parameters were set using the method stated on the SNI No. 01-3555-1998. The oil containing omega-3 such as EPA and DHA is beneficial for health. The study of fatty acid content in six fish oils were analyzed by GCMS Shimadzu QP 2010 ULTRA with FID Detector. RTX-5 were used as a column (diphenyl dimethyl polysiloxane  as a solid buffer, size length 30 m, diameter 0,25 mm, and He as a gas mobile phase).  The results showed that acid values for oil 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 were 0.55%, 0.50%, 0.48%, 0.55%, 0.48%, and 0.58%, respectively. While the peroxide values were 5.67, 4.72, 4.45,5.01, 4.85, and 5.27 meq/kg, respectively. GCMS analysis showed that fish oil 1, 2, 3, and 4  very dominant containing squalene of  29.45%, 32.34%, 21.07%, and 43.49%, respectively. While oil 6 contained EPA of 8.97% and DHA 6.56%, and that was the highest compared with other oils. However, oil 6 also contained a trans fatty acids i.e., elaidic acid of 26.8% and trans-13-docosanoic acid of 0.9%. For comparison, natural oil 5 was rich of linoleic acid  (39.58%).  The GCMS's analysis results proved that the oil 6 made from lemuru had a big potency to be developed for an Indonesian fish oil export comodity.</p> <p>Keywords: fish oil, EPA, DHA, squalena, GCMS, acid value, peroxide value</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of omega-3 fatty acid content of South African fish oil supplements

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 324-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maretha Opperman ◽  
De Wet Marais ◽  
A.J. Spinnler Benade
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
South African ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid

scholarly journals Extraction of omega 3 fatty acids from sardine byproducts using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahena F. ◽  
Zaidul I.S.M. ◽  
Kamaruzzaman B.Y ◽  
Abir H.M. ◽  
Rukshana A.H.
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Introduction: Sardine generally processed as canned fish, and in consequence of a lot of solid waste are generated as byproducts which could be good sources of fish oil. Omega-3 fatty acid compositions of total lipids extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) from sardine fish by-product (head, skin and viscera) were determined and the results were compared with Soxhlet extraction. Methods: SC-CO2 extraction was performed at the optimized condition at a temperature of 60 0 C, the pressure of 35 Mpa and flow rate of 3 ml min-1 . Results: Highest yield was obtained from the skin (42.5%) followed by the head (22.4%) and the viscera (9.6%) which is closer to that of the yield of Soxhlet extraction method where 44%, 23% and 11% (on dry basis) oil were yielded from skin, head and viscera, respectively. Saturated fatty acid was dominant incorporate with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid in all organs and the difference of extracted fatty acids between SC-CO2 and Soxhlet methods were insignificant. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was characteristically major PUFA accounting 19.8% in head, 15.4% in skin and 13.6% in viscera of the total fatty acids. Conclusions: Total oil extracted by SC-CO2 had lower free fatty acid content than the oil extracted by Soxhlet method. Thus, SC-CO2 could be the effective method for extracting omega-3 PUFA rich fish oil from sardine by-products.

scholarly journals THE CONTENT OF FATTY ACIDS IN INDONESIA’S FISH OIL

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra T Maulana ◽  
Sukraso Sukraso ◽  
Sophi Damayanti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Buffer Size ◽  
Fish Oils ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Peroxide Values

Study of fatty acid content was conducted in six Indonesian fish oils taken from Surabaya, Sorong, Garut, Banyuwangi, and  fish oil standard. The acid and peroxide values were a main parameters which affecting the quality of the fish oil. These parameters were set using the method stated on the SNI No. 01-3555-1998. The oil containing omega-3 such as EPA and DHA is beneficial for health. The study of fatty acid content in six fish oils were analyzed by GCMS Shimadzu QP 2010 ULTRA with FID Detector. RTX-5 were used as a column (diphenyl dimethyl polysiloxane  as a solid buffer, size length 30 m, diameter 0,25 mm, and He as a gas mobile phase).  The results showed that acid values for oil 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 were 0.55%, 0.50%, 0.48%, 0.55%, 0.48%, and 0.58%, respectively. While the peroxide values were 5.67, 4.72, 4.45,5.01, 4.85, and 5.27 meq/kg, respectively. GCMS analysis showed that fish oil 1, 2, 3, and 4  very dominant containing squalene of  29.45%, 32.34%, 21.07%, and 43.49%, respectively. While oil 6 contained EPA of 8.97% and DHA 6.56%, and that was the highest compared with other oils. However, oil 6 also contained a trans fatty acids i.e., elaidic acid of 26.8% and trans-13-docosanoic acid of 0.9%. For comparison, natural oil 5 was rich of linoleic acid  (39.58%).  The GCMS's analysis results proved that the oil 6 made from lemuru had a big potency to be developed for an Indonesian fish oil export comodity. Keywords: fish oil, EPA, DHA, squalena, GCMS, acid value, peroxide value

EFFECT OF GINGER, LEMURU FISH OIL SAPONIFICATION AND OLIVE OIL ON COMPOSITION FATTY ACID OF BEEF

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Siwitri Kadarsih
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

The objective was to get beef that contain unsaturated fatty acids (especially omega 3 and 6), so as to improve intelligence, physical health for those who consume. The study design using CRD with 3 treatments, each treatment used 4 Bali cattle aged approximately 1.5 years. Observations were made 8 weeks. Pasta mixed with ginger provided konsentrat. P1 (control); P2 (6% saponification lemuru fish oil, olive oil 1%; rice bran: 37.30%; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 100 g); P3 (lemuru fish oil saponification 8%, 2% olive oil; rice bran; 37.30; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 200 g). Konsentrat given in the morning as much as 1% of the weight of the cattle based on dry matter, while the grass given a minimum of 10% of the weight of livestock observation variables include: fatty acid composition of meat. Data the analyzies qualitative. The results of the study showed that the composition of saturated fatty acids in meat decreased and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids, namely linoleic acid (omega 6) and linolenic acid (omega 3), and deikosapenta deikosaheksa acid.Keywords : 

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